Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-38-45
A. M. Sycheva, S. S. Ruabova, S. Pirogov, S. Pyzhov
The composition of refractory foam concrete for long-term use at high temperatures in the nuclear power industry has been developed. Foam concrete based on Portland cement has an average density class of D700 and a maximum permissible application temperature class of I5 (500 °C). It is shown that Refractory foam concrete has improved deformation characteristics in terms of axial tension and flexural tensile strength. Changes in the strength of refractory foam concrete with an increase in the heating temperature of samples up to 400 °C, as well as its strength during prolonged exposure (up to 2000 h) at 200 and 400 °C. are presented. A thermodynamic calculation is given with the possible formation of low-base hydrosilicates (gyrolite and afwellite) up to 400 °C, which is confirmed by the results of studies of the phase composition of samples of refractory foam concrete. Ill. 8. Ref. 23. Tab. 5.
{"title":"Refractory foam concrete for nuclear power","authors":"A. M. Sycheva, S. S. Ruabova, S. Pirogov, S. Pyzhov","doi":"10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-38-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-38-45","url":null,"abstract":"The composition of refractory foam concrete for long-term use at high temperatures in the nuclear power industry has been developed. Foam concrete based on Portland cement has an average density class of D700 and a maximum permissible application temperature class of I5 (500 °C). It is shown that Refractory foam concrete has improved deformation characteristics in terms of axial tension and flexural tensile strength. Changes in the strength of refractory foam concrete with an increase in the heating temperature of samples up to 400 °C, as well as its strength during prolonged exposure (up to 2000 h) at 200 and 400 °C. are presented. A thermodynamic calculation is given with the possible formation of low-base hydrosilicates (gyrolite and afwellite) up to 400 °C, which is confirmed by the results of studies of the phase composition of samples of refractory foam concrete. Ill. 8. Ref. 23. Tab. 5.","PeriodicalId":19463,"journal":{"name":"NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82375955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-32-42
D. Ding, Yue Guan, Guoqing Xiao, Zhaoyuan Mao, Xiaoqi Shi, Kaiqiang Gao, Xiaochuan Chong, Jiyuan Luo, Changkun Lei
The alumina ceramics with high compressive strength were prepared by pressureless sintering, and the kaolinite and calcium carbonate were added as Al2O3‒SiO2‒CaO sintering additives. The effects of sintering temperature on the volume shrinkage, bulk density, water absorption and compressive strength of the alumina ceramics were studied. The phase composition, crystal cell parameters, average grain size and microstructure of the ceramic were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that the lattice tends to packed with the increase of sintering temperature. The bonding between grains is the most compact after sintering at 1700 ℃. The volume shrinkage increases with the increase of sintering temperature. The water absorption of alumina ceramics after sintering at 1700 °С reaches the minimum value of 0,06 %. The bulk density and compressive strength increase first and then decrease with the increase of sintering temperature. At 1700 ℃, optimized mechanical properties of alumina ceramics is obtained, with a bulk density of 3,80 g/cm3 and a compressive strength of 1323 MPa. Ill. 10. Ref. 41. Tab. 4.
{"title":"Effects of sintering temperature on the characteristics of aluminum oxide ceramics obtained without pressure using sintering additives of the Al2O3‒SiO2‒CaO system","authors":"D. Ding, Yue Guan, Guoqing Xiao, Zhaoyuan Mao, Xiaoqi Shi, Kaiqiang Gao, Xiaochuan Chong, Jiyuan Luo, Changkun Lei","doi":"10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-32-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-32-42","url":null,"abstract":"The alumina ceramics with high compressive strength were prepared by pressureless sintering, and the kaolinite and calcium carbonate were added as Al2O3‒SiO2‒CaO sintering additives. The effects of sintering temperature on the volume shrinkage, bulk density, water absorption and compressive strength of the alumina ceramics were studied. The phase composition, crystal cell parameters, average grain size and microstructure of the ceramic were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that the lattice tends to packed with the increase of sintering temperature. The bonding between grains is the most compact after sintering at 1700 ℃. The volume shrinkage increases with the increase of sintering temperature. The water absorption of alumina ceramics after sintering at 1700 °С reaches the minimum value of 0,06 %. The bulk density and compressive strength increase first and then decrease with the increase of sintering temperature. At 1700 ℃, optimized mechanical properties of alumina ceramics is obtained, with a bulk density of 3,80 g/cm3 and a compressive strength of 1323 MPa. Ill. 10. Ref. 41. Tab. 4.","PeriodicalId":19463,"journal":{"name":"NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86201249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-43-47
P. Pletnev, Y. Nepochatov
{"title":"Choosing a brand of alumina for manufacturing alumina ceramics","authors":"P. Pletnev, Y. Nepochatov","doi":"10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-43-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-43-47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19463,"journal":{"name":"NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90192412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-4-16-19
V. Khorev, S. Y. Kurochkin, V. I. Runyantsev, V. N. Fishchev, G. A. Ponomarenko
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{"title":"Influence of graphite additives on tribological properties of nickel-containing hardmetals","authors":"V. Khorev, S. Y. Kurochkin, V. I. Runyantsev, V. N. Fishchev, G. A. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.17073/1683-4518-2023-4-16-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-4-16-19","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":19463,"journal":{"name":"NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79812902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-64-69
I. Kashcheev, K. Zemlyanoi, P. Kozlov, M. B. Remizov, E. V. Polyakov, I. I. Dement’eva, A. A. Mal’tsev, P. I. Sukhinin
The results of experimental measurements of mechanical and physical characteristics of refractory materials are presented: TCLE, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, dynamic and static modulus of elasticity. The study was carried out to select the material for the manufacture of the vault of a glass furnace for curing radioactive waste. It is shown that the materials of the MKRV-53 and AZS- 60SB brands are superior in their characteristics to the material of the BMKrF brand. The obtained results are used for mathematical modeling of the operating modes of the electric furnace arch. Ill. 3. Ref. 7. Tab. 7.
{"title":"Physical and mechanical characteristics of refractories for the vitrification furnace of highly active waste","authors":"I. Kashcheev, K. Zemlyanoi, P. Kozlov, M. B. Remizov, E. V. Polyakov, I. I. Dement’eva, A. A. Mal’tsev, P. I. Sukhinin","doi":"10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-64-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-64-69","url":null,"abstract":"The results of experimental measurements of mechanical and physical characteristics of refractory materials are presented: TCLE, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, dynamic and static modulus of elasticity. The study was carried out to select the material for the manufacture of the vault of a glass furnace for curing radioactive waste. It is shown that the materials of the MKRV-53 and AZS- 60SB brands are superior in their characteristics to the material of the BMKrF brand. The obtained results are used for mathematical modeling of the operating modes of the electric furnace arch. Ill. 3. Ref. 7. Tab. 7.","PeriodicalId":19463,"journal":{"name":"NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78051537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-46-51
E. Abdrakhimova, V. Abdrakhimov
The influence of aluminum-alkali sludge on the phase composition of porcelain stoneware based on kaolin clay has been studied. Porcelain stoneware with high physical and mechanical properties was obtained. at a firing temperature of 1250 o C. X-ray phase and IR-spectroscopic analyses showed the presence of quartz, cristobalite, mullite, corundum and glass phase in the porcelain stoneware, and the content of the latter is not less than 50 %. High physical and mechanical parameters (strength, frost resistance, heat resistance, etc.) corundum and mullite give porcelain stoneware. RF patent 2768886 was obtained for the developed formulations. Ill. 4. Ref. 20. Tab. 3.
{"title":"The effect of chemical production waste ― aluminum-alkali sludge on the phase composition of porcelain stoneware","authors":"E. Abdrakhimova, V. Abdrakhimov","doi":"10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-46-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-46-51","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of aluminum-alkali sludge on the phase composition of porcelain stoneware based on kaolin clay has been studied. Porcelain stoneware with high physical and mechanical properties was obtained. at a firing temperature of 1250 o C. X-ray phase and IR-spectroscopic analyses showed the presence of quartz, cristobalite, mullite, corundum and glass phase in the porcelain stoneware, and the content of the latter is not less than 50 %. High physical and mechanical parameters (strength, frost resistance, heat resistance, etc.) corundum and mullite give porcelain stoneware. RF patent 2768886 was obtained for the developed formulations. Ill. 4. Ref. 20. Tab. 3.","PeriodicalId":19463,"journal":{"name":"NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76237498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-26-31
M. Markov, A. Belyakov, A. Bykova, A. N. Chekuryaev, D. A. Dyuskina, A. Kashtanov
Technological aspects of the synthesis of heat-resistant ceramics in the NiO‒YSZ system through an oxidizable nickel-based cermet composite, including testing the use of additive synthesis technology, which makes it possible to obtain products of complex shape, have been studied. Based on the results of the synthesis, the key functional characteristics of the materials were determined. In particular, it was found that the process of oxidation of prototypes is accompanied by an increase in the volume of ceramics by about 10 %. Ill. 10. Ref. 13.
{"title":"Technological features of the synthesis of heat- resistant ceramics in the NiO‒YSZ system with the possibility of using additive technology","authors":"M. Markov, A. Belyakov, A. Bykova, A. N. Chekuryaev, D. A. Dyuskina, A. Kashtanov","doi":"10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-26-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-26-31","url":null,"abstract":"Technological aspects of the synthesis of heat-resistant ceramics in the NiO‒YSZ system through an oxidizable nickel-based cermet composite, including testing the use of additive synthesis technology, which makes it possible to obtain products of complex shape, have been studied. Based on the results of the synthesis, the key functional characteristics of the materials were determined. In particular, it was found that the process of oxidation of prototypes is accompanied by an increase in the volume of ceramics by about 10 %. Ill. 10. Ref. 13.","PeriodicalId":19463,"journal":{"name":"NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82719881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-3-7
V. Perepelitsyn, K. Zemlyanoi, K. V. Mironov, A. A. Forshev, F. P. Nikolaev, D. V. Sushnikov
The results of a comprehensive study of the material microstructure of refractory samples after service in the furnace of a blast furnace with a useful volume of 2200 m3 for 14 years are presented. Structural and genetic analysis established a characteristic sequence of processes of degeneration and wear of the ceramic furnace stack, including 6 stages: the formation of micro-and macro-cracks; condensation of vaporous zinc; zinc oxidation with the formation of fire-resistant ZnO zincite and the deposition of carbon black by the; chemical interaction of zinkite with mullite and corundum to form ZnAl2O4 ganite and 2ZnO·SiO2 willemite; partial oxidation of silicon carbide with the release of silica glass SiO2, eutectic melt of complex composition, and wellimite. Due to intensive accumulation of capillary pores, infiltration of the slag melt in the volume of refractories does not occur. Wear of refractories in the furnace has a complex, mainly thermochemical mechanism and a low speed due to the formation of a garnish containing refractory compounds. Ill. 5. Ref. 14.
{"title":"Material composition and microstructure of ceramic glass й hearth of blast furnace No. 6 of JSC EVRAZ NTMK after service. Refractory microstructure after service","authors":"V. Perepelitsyn, K. Zemlyanoi, K. V. Mironov, A. A. Forshev, F. P. Nikolaev, D. V. Sushnikov","doi":"10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-3-7","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a comprehensive study of the material microstructure of refractory samples after service in the furnace of a blast furnace with a useful volume of 2200 m3 for 14 years are presented. Structural and genetic analysis established a characteristic sequence of processes of degeneration and wear of the ceramic furnace stack, including 6 stages: the formation of micro-and macro-cracks; condensation of vaporous zinc; zinc oxidation with the formation of fire-resistant ZnO zincite and the deposition of carbon black by the; chemical interaction of zinkite with mullite and corundum to form ZnAl2O4 ganite and 2ZnO·SiO2 willemite; partial oxidation of silicon carbide with the release of silica glass SiO2, eutectic melt of complex composition, and wellimite. Due to intensive accumulation of capillary pores, infiltration of the slag melt in the volume of refractories does not occur. Wear of refractories in the furnace has a complex, mainly thermochemical mechanism and a low speed due to the formation of a garnish containing refractory compounds. Ill. 5. Ref. 14.","PeriodicalId":19463,"journal":{"name":"NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88338481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-52-57
V. Kuzin
The influence of pulsed laser treatment mode parameters on ablation and modification processes of Si3N4‒ТiС ceramics is determined. Using the revealed interrelations a mode of pulsed laser processing after diamond grinding of Si3N4‒TiC ceramic parts is established and recommended for practical use, which ensures the defective layer removal and defectfree structure formation in the surface layer. Ill. 5. Ref. 31.
{"title":"Influence of pulsed laser mode on ablation and modification processes of Si3N4‒ТiC ceramics surface layer","authors":"V. Kuzin","doi":"10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-52-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-52-57","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of pulsed laser treatment mode parameters on ablation and modification processes of Si3N4‒ТiС ceramics is determined. Using the revealed interrelations a mode of pulsed laser processing after diamond grinding of Si3N4‒TiC ceramic parts is established and recommended for practical use, which ensures the defective layer removal and defectfree structure formation in the surface layer. Ill. 5. Ref. 31.","PeriodicalId":19463,"journal":{"name":"NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77612381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-13-20
A. V. Zabolotsky, A. O. Migashkin, A. Grigor’ev, A. Dmitriev, M. Turchin, V. Khadyev, E. V. Shil’ko
A numerical study of the initial stage of crack growth in a material containing spherical pores under multiaxial compression (constrained conditions) has been carried out using the finite element method. The influence of the pore spacing and the mechanical properties of the material on the fracture localization and the direction of crack growth has been analyzed. Both brittle and ductile materials were studied. It has been established that material properties and the mutual arrangement of defects have a significant influence on the direction of propagation of cracks arising on the stress concentrators (structure defects), up to mutually perpendicular directions (for uniaxial of the characteristic sizes of the region of influence of spherical pores on each other, beyond which the stress fields of the neighboring elements of the structure do not overlap. The dependences of the sizes of this area on the elastic characteristics of the matrix material are shown. The obtained results are relevant for obtaining numerical estimates of the duration of the initial stages of quasi- brittle fracture of ceramic-based heterophase materials, refractories in particular. Ill. 6. Ref. 26. Tab. 1.
{"title":"Simulation of crack nucleation in materials with regularly arranged spherical pores under multiaxial loading conditions","authors":"A. V. Zabolotsky, A. O. Migashkin, A. Grigor’ev, A. Dmitriev, M. Turchin, V. Khadyev, E. V. Shil’ko","doi":"10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-13-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-13-20","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical study of the initial stage of crack growth in a material containing spherical pores under multiaxial compression (constrained conditions) has been carried out using the finite element method. The influence of the pore spacing and the mechanical properties of the material on the fracture localization and the direction of crack growth has been analyzed. Both brittle and ductile materials were studied. It has been established that material properties and the mutual arrangement of defects have a significant influence on the direction of propagation of cracks arising on the stress concentrators (structure defects), up to mutually perpendicular directions (for uniaxial of the characteristic sizes of the region of influence of spherical pores on each other, beyond which the stress fields of the neighboring elements of the structure do not overlap. The dependences of the sizes of this area on the elastic characteristics of the matrix material are shown. The obtained results are relevant for obtaining numerical estimates of the duration of the initial stages of quasi- brittle fracture of ceramic-based heterophase materials, refractories in particular. Ill. 6. Ref. 26. Tab. 1.","PeriodicalId":19463,"journal":{"name":"NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78859204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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