Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231846
T. Kelly, S. Rikimi, I. Davidson, W. Brooks, M. Foster, F. Poletti, S.A. Mousavi, P. Horak, N. V. Wheeler
Gas-filled hollow-core optical fibers (HCFs) provide an enhanced gas-light interaction length which can be exploited for high-sensitivity laser-based trace gas detection [1]. Here, we focus on HCF-based spontaneous gas-phase Raman spectroscopy; this is an attractive approach for optical gas sensing as multispecies gas mixtures can be detected with a single laser source. While the merits of using HCF-based gas Raman detection have been previously described [1], and limits of detection (LoD) as low as 0.15 ppm reported [2], so far there has been limited discussion on HCF design optimization to maximize the system performance. Here, the design, fabrication and testing of a visible-guiding 10-element single-cladding ring (“tubular”) anti-resonant HCF (10T-ARF) is reported. We show that this design provides improved Raman signal (via lower attenuation of both the fundamental mode (FM) and higher order modes (HOMs) and larger numerical aperture) in combination with faster gas filling time (due to a larger core diameter) without compromising on bend performance and therefore device footprint.
{"title":"Improved Visible-Guiding Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fiber for Gas-Phase Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"T. Kelly, S. Rikimi, I. Davidson, W. Brooks, M. Foster, F. Poletti, S.A. Mousavi, P. Horak, N. V. Wheeler","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231846","url":null,"abstract":"Gas-filled hollow-core optical fibers (HCFs) provide an enhanced gas-light interaction length which can be exploited for high-sensitivity laser-based trace gas detection [1]. Here, we focus on HCF-based spontaneous gas-phase Raman spectroscopy; this is an attractive approach for optical gas sensing as multispecies gas mixtures can be detected with a single laser source. While the merits of using HCF-based gas Raman detection have been previously described [1], and limits of detection (LoD) as low as 0.15 ppm reported [2], so far there has been limited discussion on HCF design optimization to maximize the system performance. Here, the design, fabrication and testing of a visible-guiding 10-element single-cladding ring (“tubular”) anti-resonant HCF (10T-ARF) is reported. We show that this design provides improved Raman signal (via lower attenuation of both the fundamental mode (FM) and higher order modes (HOMs) and larger numerical aperture) in combination with faster gas filling time (due to a larger core diameter) without compromising on bend performance and therefore device footprint.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"108 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77425904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231751
A. de las Heras, Nathan J Brooks, Bin Wang, I. Binnie, J. Román, L. Plaja, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, C. Hernández-García
The generation of circularly polarized (CP) attosecond pulses is demanding and complicated to achieve, especially in the x-rays where standard polarization converters are highly inefficient. During the last decade, sophisticated configurations of high harmonic generation (HHG) have provided different alternatives to generate CP high-order harmonics in the extreme ultraviolet regime [1], [2]. Among these techniques, only the use of a noncollinear scheme [3] has been able to spatially separate CP high-order harmonics with the same helicity, and thus to provide CP attosecond pulses [4]. Such scheme is based on producing a “rotating polarization grating” along the transverse coordinate across the driving laser focus. However, the efficient interaction region is limited by the noncollinear angle, which further limits the overall conversion efficiency of the process.
{"title":"Bright, High-Frequency, Circularly Polarized Structured Attosecond Pulses","authors":"A. de las Heras, Nathan J Brooks, Bin Wang, I. Binnie, J. Román, L. Plaja, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, C. Hernández-García","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231751","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of circularly polarized (CP) attosecond pulses is demanding and complicated to achieve, especially in the x-rays where standard polarization converters are highly inefficient. During the last decade, sophisticated configurations of high harmonic generation (HHG) have provided different alternatives to generate CP high-order harmonics in the extreme ultraviolet regime [1], [2]. Among these techniques, only the use of a noncollinear scheme [3] has been able to spatially separate CP high-order harmonics with the same helicity, and thus to provide CP attosecond pulses [4]. Such scheme is based on producing a “rotating polarization grating” along the transverse coordinate across the driving laser focus. However, the efficient interaction region is limited by the noncollinear angle, which further limits the overall conversion efficiency of the process.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"147 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77465254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232356
Maxim Sirotin, T. Chlouba, R. Shiloh, P. Hommelhoff
Single-photon sources play a pivotal role in quantum information technology and quantum sensing [1]. Quantum dots and color centers allow the creation of single photons on demand, are capable of generating higher Fock states and can be electrically driven [1], [2]. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion and spontaneous four-wave mixing, in turn, serve as widely tunable sources of heralded single photons and complex quantum states [3]. The generation of photons radiated from swift free electrons makes it possible to obtain a broad spectrum, amplification, and electron-photon entanglement. Using flatband resonances and microcavities may even enhance the processes [4], [5]. Modulation of free electrons enables the construction of photonic cat and GKP states, which are crucial for fault-tolerant quantum computing [6]. Recently, the effect of generating 1550 nm photons from free electrons directly into a nanophotonic Si3N4 ring resonator in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at 120 keV has been experimentally shown [5].
{"title":"Tunable Single-Photon Generation in a Scanning Electron Microscope based on Silicon Photonics","authors":"Maxim Sirotin, T. Chlouba, R. Shiloh, P. Hommelhoff","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232356","url":null,"abstract":"Single-photon sources play a pivotal role in quantum information technology and quantum sensing [1]. Quantum dots and color centers allow the creation of single photons on demand, are capable of generating higher Fock states and can be electrically driven [1], [2]. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion and spontaneous four-wave mixing, in turn, serve as widely tunable sources of heralded single photons and complex quantum states [3]. The generation of photons radiated from swift free electrons makes it possible to obtain a broad spectrum, amplification, and electron-photon entanglement. Using flatband resonances and microcavities may even enhance the processes [4], [5]. Modulation of free electrons enables the construction of photonic cat and GKP states, which are crucial for fault-tolerant quantum computing [6]. Recently, the effect of generating 1550 nm photons from free electrons directly into a nanophotonic Si3N4 ring resonator in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at 120 keV has been experimentally shown [5].","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78070595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232414
Daiki Okazaki, Wenqing Song, I. Morichika, S. Ashihara
There have been extensive researches on mode-locked mid-infrared lasers [1], because they show higher spectral brightness than thermal light sources which had been used for broadband molecular vibrational spectroscopy. Those lasers usually possess smooth bell-shaped spectrum, however it is also interesting to investigate the possibility of spectrally structured sources. There are a few researches on narrowband dispersive spectral peaks formation on mode-locked pulses with intracavity gaseous molecules [[2, 3]. Recently, we have reported the symmetric spectral peaks appear on the mode-locked Cr:ZnS laser spectrum [4]. In this paper, compared to our previous report [4], we further investigate this phenomenon through numerical simulations, and clarify that the symmetric spectral peaks are formed by amplitude modulation brought from imaginary part of the molecular optical constant.
{"title":"Mode-Locked Pulses with Narrowband Comb-Like Peaks Formed by Intracavity Amplitude Modulation from Gaseous Molecules","authors":"Daiki Okazaki, Wenqing Song, I. Morichika, S. Ashihara","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232414","url":null,"abstract":"There have been extensive researches on mode-locked mid-infrared lasers [1], because they show higher spectral brightness than thermal light sources which had been used for broadband molecular vibrational spectroscopy. Those lasers usually possess smooth bell-shaped spectrum, however it is also interesting to investigate the possibility of spectrally structured sources. There are a few researches on narrowband dispersive spectral peaks formation on mode-locked pulses with intracavity gaseous molecules [[2, 3]. Recently, we have reported the symmetric spectral peaks appear on the mode-locked Cr:ZnS laser spectrum [4]. In this paper, compared to our previous report [4], we further investigate this phenomenon through numerical simulations, and clarify that the symmetric spectral peaks are formed by amplitude modulation brought from imaginary part of the molecular optical constant.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72882562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231638
Jaka Mur, Ž. Lokar, V. Agrež, J. Petelin, Jernej Jan Kočica, R. Petkovšek
State-of-the-art high-speed cameras reach up to 10 MHz frame rates sustained over hundreds of frames long videos at a full sensor resolution. The capability allows for the capture of fast phenomena using traditional planar imaging. Combining such cameras with microscopy setups changes the range of observable movement speeds clearly distinguishable due to the magnification employed. Capturing very fast events in liquid environments, such as cavitation bubble collapse and jetting [1], or shock wave propagation above the speed of sound [2], has proven challenging.
{"title":"Advanced Light Source for Speckle-Free Multi-Exposure Imaging at Multi-MHz Frame Rates","authors":"Jaka Mur, Ž. Lokar, V. Agrež, J. Petelin, Jernej Jan Kočica, R. Petkovšek","doi":"10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231638","url":null,"abstract":"State-of-the-art high-speed cameras reach up to 10 MHz frame rates sustained over hundreds of frames long videos at a full sensor resolution. The capability allows for the capture of fast phenomena using traditional planar imaging. Combining such cameras with microscopy setups changes the range of observable movement speeds clearly distinguishable due to the magnification employed. Capturing very fast events in liquid environments, such as cavitation bubble collapse and jetting [1], or shock wave propagation above the speed of sound [2], has proven challenging.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73392650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232250
M. Kozoň, L. J. C. van Willenswaard, M. Schlottbom, W. L. Vos, J. J. van der Vegt
The study of photonic crystals has strongly benefited from computational methods see, e.g., [1], [2], which are generally more accessible than laboratory experiments. Such calculations enable the study of idealized structures free of fabrication defects and provide insight into physical phenomena that would be difficult to isolate in experiments. Due to their predictive power, computations are also used to optimize the structures prior to performing the cost- and time-expensive fabrication. Nevertheless, computational modelling of realistic photonic crystals, consisting of hundreds of unit cells, is notoriously difficult due to their multiscale character, requiring very fine discretization of each unit cell. This leads to tremendous computational complexity, basically untractable for a realistic-size crystal, even on powerful supercomputers.
{"title":"Discontinuous Galerkin Method to Model Light Propagation in Photonic Crystals of Any Size","authors":"M. Kozoň, L. J. C. van Willenswaard, M. Schlottbom, W. L. Vos, J. J. van der Vegt","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232250","url":null,"abstract":"The study of photonic crystals has strongly benefited from computational methods see, e.g., [1], [2], which are generally more accessible than laboratory experiments. Such calculations enable the study of idealized structures free of fabrication defects and provide insight into physical phenomena that would be difficult to isolate in experiments. Due to their predictive power, computations are also used to optimize the structures prior to performing the cost- and time-expensive fabrication. Nevertheless, computational modelling of realistic photonic crystals, consisting of hundreds of unit cells, is notoriously difficult due to their multiscale character, requiring very fine discretization of each unit cell. This leads to tremendous computational complexity, basically untractable for a realistic-size crystal, even on powerful supercomputers.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"195 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76682675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231976
Benoît Boulanger
This Short Course focuses on fundamental crystal parametric optics that is one of the most fascinating field of nonlinear optics involving corpuscular and wave aspects of light in strong interaction with the electrons of matter leading to optical frequency synthesis and mixing at the origin of numerous applications [1].
{"title":"Nonlinear Crystal Optics","authors":"Benoît Boulanger","doi":"10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231976","url":null,"abstract":"This Short Course focuses on fundamental crystal parametric optics that is one of the most fascinating field of nonlinear optics involving corpuscular and wave aspects of light in strong interaction with the electrons of matter leading to optical frequency synthesis and mixing at the origin of numerous applications [1].","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"60 1 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76963737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232313
Ming Gao, Niklas M. Lüpken, Klaus-J. Boller, C. Fallnich
Fiber-based optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) are versatile and tunable light sources that are of high interest for applications such as coherent Raman spectroscopy or imaging [1]. However, using integrated waveguides instead of nonlinear fibers as gain medium, waveguide-based OPOs (WOPOs) benefit from higher nonlinearity and compact size of integrated waveguides, which have potential to be used for many lab-on-a-chip applications [2]. To investigate different waveguide geometries to the influence to WOPOs, we study synchronously pumped WOPOs exploiting four-wave mixing (FWM) in silicon nitride $(text{Si}_{3}mathrm{N}_{4})$ waveguides with varying waveguide widths.
{"title":"Investigation on Optical Parametric Oscillators Based on Different Silicon Nitride Waveguide Geometries","authors":"Ming Gao, Niklas M. Lüpken, Klaus-J. Boller, C. Fallnich","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232313","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-based optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) are versatile and tunable light sources that are of high interest for applications such as coherent Raman spectroscopy or imaging [1]. However, using integrated waveguides instead of nonlinear fibers as gain medium, waveguide-based OPOs (WOPOs) benefit from higher nonlinearity and compact size of integrated waveguides, which have potential to be used for many lab-on-a-chip applications [2]. To investigate different waveguide geometries to the influence to WOPOs, we study synchronously pumped WOPOs exploiting four-wave mixing (FWM) in silicon nitride $(text{Si}_{3}mathrm{N}_{4})$ waveguides with varying waveguide widths.","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"81 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82283230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232687
A. Bartolo, N. Vigne, M. Marconi, G. Beaudoin, K. Pantzas, I. Sagnes, A. Garnache, M. Giudici
Temporal localized structures (TLS) are individually addressable pulses circulating in an optical cavity [1]. Their existence is related to the presence of a generalized multistability between pulsating emission states having different number of pulses per roundtrip. They appear in passively mode-locked Vertical External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) when i) the cavity roundtrip $(tau_{mathrm{c}})$ is larger than the carrier recovery time (typically 1 ns) and ii) the saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) exhibits a modulation depth above a critical value (typically 8%) [2], [3]. When the external cavity is nearly degenerate, i.e. close to self-imaging condition, temporal-localized patterns are observed [4]. On the other hand, degenerate cavities enable arbitrary spatial shaping of the lasing emission profile [5].
{"title":"Spatial Multiplexing of Temporal Localized Structures in Degenerate Optical Cavities","authors":"A. Bartolo, N. Vigne, M. Marconi, G. Beaudoin, K. Pantzas, I. Sagnes, A. Garnache, M. Giudici","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232687","url":null,"abstract":"Temporal localized structures (TLS) are individually addressable pulses circulating in an optical cavity [1]. Their existence is related to the presence of a generalized multistability between pulsating emission states having different number of pulses per roundtrip. They appear in passively mode-locked Vertical External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) when i) the cavity roundtrip $(tau_{mathrm{c}})$ is larger than the carrier recovery time (typically 1 ns) and ii) the saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) exhibits a modulation depth above a critical value (typically 8%) [2], [3]. When the external cavity is nearly degenerate, i.e. close to self-imaging condition, temporal-localized patterns are observed [4]. On the other hand, degenerate cavities enable arbitrary spatial shaping of the lasing emission profile [5].","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"0704 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82472892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232114
S. Kumari, Rakshitha Kallega, Sneha Shelwade, Akshay Keloth, S. Selvaraja
In recent decades, the domain of silicon photonics (SiP) has emerged as a mature technology for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The maturity in device and process technology has motivated the development of programmable circuits as a general-purpose system. One of the key elements in such a programmable circuit is the phase tuner. A low-power tuning scheme is essential to achieve large circuity with acceptable power dissipation. The widely used thermal phase shifters suffer from thermal crosstalk and power dissipation. In this regard, liquid crystal (LC) has seen immense interest due to its low power consumption and large anisotropy in its optical and electro-optic properties that can be stimulated by an external electric field [1]–[3].
{"title":"Efficient Phase Tuning of Silicon Photonic Devices Using Alignment Assisted Liquid Crystal Tuners","authors":"S. Kumari, Rakshitha Kallega, Sneha Shelwade, Akshay Keloth, S. Selvaraja","doi":"10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232114","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the domain of silicon photonics (SiP) has emerged as a mature technology for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The maturity in device and process technology has motivated the development of programmable circuits as a general-purpose system. One of the key elements in such a programmable circuit is the phase tuner. A low-power tuning scheme is essential to achieve large circuity with acceptable power dissipation. The widely used thermal phase shifters suffer from thermal crosstalk and power dissipation. In this regard, liquid crystal (LC) has seen immense interest due to its low power consumption and large anisotropy in its optical and electro-optic properties that can be stimulated by an external electric field [1]–[3].","PeriodicalId":19477,"journal":{"name":"Oceans","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81336556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：