Nutrition最新文献

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence during the third trimester of pregnancy on both maternal and newborn health, focusing on birth weight, cranial perimeter, and maternal biochemical markers.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 volunteer pregnant women. Maternal sociodemographic, nutritional, and biochemical data were collected before delivery (weeks 27-41 of pregnancy), while newborn anthropometric measurements were obtained within 2 d of birth. MD adherence was assessed using the KIDMED index, classifying participants into low, moderate, or optimal adherence groups.

Results: 54.0% of pregnant women had very low, 27.7% moderate, and 18.3% optimal adherence to MD. Maternal urea, free T4, hemoglobin, and vitamin B12 levels were higher in the moderate adherence group, while folate and vitamin D levels were lower in the very low adherence group (P ≤ 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that maternal adherence to MD was not significantly associated with birth weight (P = 0.10, AOR = 1.082) and cranial perimeter (P = 0.63, AOR = 1.016). Pregnancy weight gain was significantly associated with a lower risk of low birth weight (P < 0.01, AOR = 2.312), and folate levels showed a borderline significant association (P = 0.05, AOR = 0.921). Factors influencing cranial perimeter included prepregnancy body mass index (P = 0.05), weight gain (P < 0.01, AOR = 2.007), folate (P = 0.04, AOR = 0.947), and vitamin B12 levels (P < 0.01, AOR = 0.996).

Conclusions: MD adherence did not directly impact neonatal anthropometric outcomes, but its effect on maternal biochemical markers, lifestyle and nutritional habits suggests potential benefits for maternal health.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to examine the beverage consumption and nutritional status of children aged 2-6 y, as well as the attitudes of their mothers toward healthy nutrition.

Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive and cross-sectional method. It was carried out in 15 Family Health Centers, randomly selected from a total of 153 centers located in the central districts of Şahinbey and Şehitkamil in Gaziantep, between May 2023 and January 2024. The sample size was determined using a power analysis program, which indicated that at least 400 mothers were needed. However, to account for potential data loss, 507 mothers who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate were included in the study. Data were collected using the Mother and Child Identification Form, the Children's Beverage Consumption Form, and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN).

Results: The findings showed that 96.3% of the children had weight-for-age Z-scores, 99% had height-for-age Z-scores, and 95.4% had BMI for-age Z-scores within the normal range (between -2 and +2). Among beverages consumed within a 24-h period, milk was the most frequently consumed after water. The mean total score on the ASHN was 70.64 ± 0.28, indicating that mothers had a high level of positive attitudes toward healthy nutrition.

Conclusions: Nursing interventions play a key role in helping children develop healthy eating habits and in preventing nutrition-related health problems in the future.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of different CF methods on infant anthropometric outcomes at 9 and 12 mo.

Methods: This randomized clinical trial (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry-ReBEC: RBR-229SCM N° U1111-1226-9516) included mother-infant pairs recruited at 5.5 mo in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Participants were randomized to one of three CF methods: food introduction through parent-led weaning (PLW), baby-led introduction to solids (BLISS), or mixed. At 5.5 mo, mothers attended a workshop led by nutritionists and speech therapists with verbal and written guidance on the assigned CF method (PLW: n = 46; BLISS: n = 47; Mixed: n = 46). Infants were followed up at 9 and 12 mo, and weight and length measurements were taken. Primary outcomes were z-scores of the anthropometric indexes weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length, and body mass index (BMI)-for-age. Secondary outcomes were nutritional status classifications based on these indices.

Results: Of the 140 mother-infant pairs who participated, anthropometric data were collected from 130 children at 9 mo and 131 at 12 mo. Children in the BLISS group had lower mean BMI-for-age z-scores at 12 mo than those in the PLW group (adjusted β: -0.53; 95% CI: -1.03 to -0.03; P = 0.035). The mixed method reduced the risk of overweight/obesity across 9-12 mo (adjusted HR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.97; P = 0.048). No statistically significant associations were observed for the other outcomes.

Conclusion: Infant-guided CF methods were associated with favorable short-term anthropometric outcomes; however, further studies with longer follow-up and larger sample sizes are needed to confirm their role in obesity prevention.