Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112694
Merve Pehlivan Ph.D. , Gökhan Baysoy M.D.
Objectives
Having an optimal nutritional status and getting adequate energy and nutrients are important factors that affect the success of the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) and increase survival. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional status, nutritional intake, and dietary quality among children aged 2 to 14 with CF. We aimed to assess the impact of a nutrition education intervention provided to mothers on these parameters and compare the results with a control group.
Methods
Participants (n = 46) were divided into two groups, one group received nutrition education, the other group did not receive any intervention, and all participants were followed up in the 1st and 3rd months of the study. Each participant completed a questionnaire form prepared by the researcher including general information about the patient, anthropometric data, 3-day dietary intake, and Mediterranean Diet Quality Index.
Results
While the children's Mediterranean Diet Quality Index scores did not change significantly during the study period, the proportion of children in the education group who had adequate nutrition according to body mass index percentile for age increased from 42.0% to 48.0%. In addition, energy (kcal), fat (g), and monounsaturated fatty acids (g) intake, vitamin D, E, K, B6, biotin, and iron intakes of the education group increased significantly during the study (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
This study contributes to the literature by showing that nutrition education given to mothers for CF children, improves the nutritional status of children and increases their energy and nutrient intakes.
{"title":"Improving diet quality and nutrient intake in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients: The role of nutrition education","authors":"Merve Pehlivan Ph.D. , Gökhan Baysoy M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Having an optimal nutritional status and getting adequate energy and nutrients are important factors that affect the success of the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) and increase survival. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional status, nutritional intake, and dietary quality among children aged 2 to 14 with CF. We aimed to assess the impact of a nutrition education intervention provided to mothers on these parameters and compare the results with a control group.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>n</em> = 46) were divided into two groups, one group received nutrition education, the other group did not receive any intervention, and all participants were followed up in the 1st and 3rd months of the study. Each participant completed a questionnaire form prepared by the researcher including general information about the patient, anthropometric data, 3-day dietary intake, and Mediterranean Diet Quality Index.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>While the children's Mediterranean Diet Quality Index scores did not change significantly during the study period, the proportion of children in the education group who had adequate nutrition according to body mass index percentile for age increased from 42.0% to 48.0%. In addition, energy (kcal), fat (g), and monounsaturated fatty acids (g) intake, vitamin D, E, K, B6, biotin, and iron intakes of the education group increased significantly during the study (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study contributes to the literature by showing that nutrition education given to mothers for CF children, improves the nutritional status of children and increases their energy and nutrient intakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 112694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112691
Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo MSc , Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto PhD , Guilherme Correia Ferri Antonio , Rafael Calais Gaspar PhD , Robson Damasceno de Lima PhD , Larissa Moreira Dias , Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira MSc , Vitor Rosetto Muñoz PhD , Diego Trevisan Brunelli PhD , Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva PhD , Dennys Esper Cintra PhD , Eduardo Rochete Ropelle PhD , José Rodrigo Pauli PhD
Objectives
The present study aimed to assess whether Time-Restricted Feeding (TRF) modulates inflammation and hepatic Notch1 signalling in C57BL/6J-aged mice.
Methods
Adult mice submitted to the ad libitum diet, aged (24 months-old) submitted to the ad libitum diet and, aged-TRF (24 months-old) subjected to the TRF (12 hours fed in the active cycle and 12 hours fasting in the light cycle) for 8 weeks. We investigated metabolic parameters, liver histology, metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease activity score, collagen fiber, hepatic mitochondrial respiration, and publicly available liver Rna-seq datasets from human livers in diverse clinical conditions to clarify Notch1 involvement in liver health.
Results
Our results demonstrated that aged mice (24 months old) showed increases in body weight, liver mass, Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), and inflammatory markers (NFκB and TLR4 protein levels) in the liver when compared to adult animals. On the other hand, aged mice submitted to a TRF protocol showed reductions in inflammation and collagen fibers, which was accompanied by lower protein content of JAGGED1 and NICD in the liver. Furthermore, aged-TRF mice demonstrated increased liver mitochondrial respiration coupled with ATP production compared to the aged groups. Publicly available liver RNA-seq datasets in humans support our findings, indicating the upregulation of NOTCH1 in fibrosis and inflammation development.
Conclusions
TRF can reduce inflammatory markers and protein content of JAGGED1 and NICD in the liver of aged mice, which can contribute to tissue health and cellular longevity.
{"title":"Time-restricted feeding reduces inflammatory markers and downregulates JAG1 and NICD protein levels in the liver of aged mice","authors":"Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo MSc , Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto PhD , Guilherme Correia Ferri Antonio , Rafael Calais Gaspar PhD , Robson Damasceno de Lima PhD , Larissa Moreira Dias , Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira MSc , Vitor Rosetto Muñoz PhD , Diego Trevisan Brunelli PhD , Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva PhD , Dennys Esper Cintra PhD , Eduardo Rochete Ropelle PhD , José Rodrigo Pauli PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study aimed to assess whether Time-Restricted Feeding (TRF) modulates inflammation and hepatic Notch1 signalling in C57BL/6J-aged mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adult mice submitted to the ad libitum diet, aged (24 months-old) submitted to the ad libitum diet and, aged-TRF (24 months-old) subjected to the TRF (12 hours fed in the active cycle and 12 hours fasting in the light cycle) for 8 weeks. We investigated metabolic parameters, liver histology, metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease activity score, collagen fiber, hepatic mitochondrial respiration, and publicly available liver Rna-seq datasets from human livers in diverse clinical conditions to clarify Notch1 involvement in liver health.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results demonstrated that aged mice (24 months old) showed increases in body weight, liver mass, Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), and inflammatory markers (NFκB and TLR4 protein levels) in the liver when compared to adult animals. On the other hand, aged mice submitted to a TRF protocol showed reductions in inflammation and collagen fibers, which was accompanied by lower protein content of JAGGED1 and NICD in the liver. Furthermore, aged-TRF mice demonstrated increased liver mitochondrial respiration coupled with ATP production compared to the aged groups. Publicly available liver RNA-seq datasets in humans support our findings, indicating the upregulation of NOTCH1 in fibrosis and inflammation development.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TRF can reduce inflammatory markers and protein content of JAGGED1 and NICD in the liver of aged mice, which can contribute to tissue health and cellular longevity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 112691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112692
Siti Qusyasyiah Ahmad Suhaimi , Ahmad Khusairi Azemi , Siti Safiah Mokhtar , Anani Aila Mat Zin , Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
Objective
This study aims to investigate the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on glycaemic indices and aortic tissue oxidative stress and inflammation in an obese prediabetes rat model.
Methods and Procedures
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two normal and four obese groups. Obese prediabetes was induced by feeding a high-fat diet and sucrose water (HFSD) for 10 weeks; normal rats were given a standard diet and plain water. For the next 6 weeks, rats were grouped into the normal group (NR), which continued on the standard diet; the normal group was switched to TRF with the standard diet (NR + TRFSD); the prediabetes group (OR) was continued on HFSD; the prediabetes group was switched to TRF of HFSD (OR + TRFHFSD); the prediabetes group was switched to TRF of the standard diet (OR + TRFSD); and the prediabetes group was switched to the standard diet (OR + SD). Rats were then sacrificed, and aortic tissues were isolated and quantified for oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, and inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 1. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight, Lee's index, serum insulin level, and resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) were also measured.
Results
Mean FBG and body weight in obese groups were higher compared to the normal groups after 10 weeks of HFDSD. Both obese-prediabetes groups that underwent TRF had reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1, body weight, Lee's index, FBG, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, obese prediabetes on TRF with SD also reduced levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), insulin levels and increased levels of the antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase).
Conclusion
TRF reduced weight, improved glycaemic indices, vascular oxidative stress, and inflammation in obese-prediabetic rats.
{"title":"Impact of time-restricted feeding on glycemic indices, vascular oxidative stress, and inflammation in an obese prediabetes rat model induced by a high-fat diet and sugar drink","authors":"Siti Qusyasyiah Ahmad Suhaimi , Ahmad Khusairi Azemi , Siti Safiah Mokhtar , Anani Aila Mat Zin , Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on glycaemic indices and aortic tissue oxidative stress and inflammation in an obese prediabetes rat model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and Procedures</h3><div>Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two normal and four obese groups. Obese prediabetes was induced by feeding a high-fat diet and sucrose water (HFSD) for 10 weeks; normal rats were given a standard diet and plain water. For the next 6 weeks, rats were grouped into the normal group (NR), which continued on the standard diet; the normal group was switched to TRF with the standard diet (NR + TRFSD); the prediabetes group (OR) was continued on HFSD; the prediabetes group was switched to TRF of HFSD (OR + TRFHFSD); the prediabetes group was switched to TRF of the standard diet (OR + TRFSD); and the prediabetes group was switched to the standard diet (OR + SD). Rats were then sacrificed, and aortic tissues were isolated and quantified for oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, and inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 1. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight, Lee's index, serum insulin level, and resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) were also measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean FBG and body weight in obese groups were higher compared to the normal groups after 10 weeks of HFDSD. Both obese-prediabetes groups that underwent TRF had reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1, body weight, Lee's index, FBG, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, obese prediabetes on TRF with SD also reduced levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), insulin levels and increased levels of the antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TRF reduced weight, improved glycaemic indices, vascular oxidative stress, and inflammation in obese-prediabetic rats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 112692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112693
Yasemin Sökmen PhD, RM , Aylar Miabi Midwife
Objective
Nutritional disorders during pregnancy negatively affect maternal and fetal health, causing low birth weight, prematurity, and mortality. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors of orthorexia nervosa among pregnant women in Turkey.
Methods
A descriptive and correlational research design was used. The study was conducted between August and October 2023. The research population consisted of pregnant women who came to a public hospital in the north of Turkey for routine pregnancy follow-up, and the sample included 417 individuals who volunteered to participate in the research and were selected using the sampling of the known population method. Study data were collected using a Personal Information Form and the ORTO-11 Scale, and chi-square test, Binary Logistic Regression analysis were employed to analyze the data.
Results
In our study, the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa during pregnancy was found to be 8.9%. There were significant positive associations between orthorexia nervosa and lower education level [AOR (Adjusted odds ratio):0.117, 95% CI (Confidence interval): (0.015–0.972)], higher physical activity frequency [AOR:4.166, 95% CI: (1.270–13.553)], and unplanned pregnancy [AOR:7.865, 95% CI: (2.630–23.515)].
Conclusions
In conclusion, it was determined that approximately one in every eleven pregnant women experienced orthorexia nervosa and the level of education, frequency of physical activity, and pregnancy planning status of pregnant women affected it. It is very important for health professionals to provide education about nutrition during pregnancy and to determine eating disorders at an early stage for the health of the mother, fetus, and society.
{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of orthorexia nervosa among pregnant women in Turkey: A descriptive and correlational study","authors":"Yasemin Sökmen PhD, RM , Aylar Miabi Midwife","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Nutritional disorders during pregnancy negatively affect maternal and fetal health, causing low birth weight, prematurity, and mortality. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors of orthorexia nervosa among pregnant women in Turkey.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A descriptive and correlational research design was used. The study was conducted between August and October 2023. The research population consisted of pregnant women who came to a public hospital in the north of Turkey for routine pregnancy follow-up, and the sample included 417 individuals who volunteered to participate in the research and were selected using the sampling of the known population method. Study data were collected using a Personal Information Form and the ORTO-11 Scale, and chi-square test, Binary Logistic Regression analysis were employed to analyze the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In our study, the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa during pregnancy was found to be 8.9%. There were significant positive associations between orthorexia nervosa and lower education level [AOR (Adjusted odds ratio):0.117, 95% CI (Confidence interval): (0.015–0.972)], higher physical activity frequency [AOR:4.166, 95% CI: (1.270–13.553)], and unplanned pregnancy [AOR:7.865, 95% CI: (2.630–23.515)].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, it was determined that approximately one in every eleven pregnant women experienced orthorexia nervosa and the level of education, frequency of physical activity, and pregnancy planning status of pregnant women affected it. It is very important for health professionals to provide education about nutrition during pregnancy and to determine eating disorders at an early stage for the health of the mother, fetus, and society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 112693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112689
María Victorina Aguilar Vilas PhD , Laura Sánchez Amador PhD , Antonio Becerra Fernández MD , Teresa Hernández García PhD , Rosa Rodríguez Torres MD , María Concepción Alonso Rodríguez ScD
Objectives
To analyze the eating habits of the transgender population throughout the transition process, evaluate the nutritional requirements associated with gender transition, and reflect on the possible dietary challenges facing the transgender population.
Methods
A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 146 individuals (58.90% transgender women [n = 86] and 41.09% transgender men [n = 60]) aged between 18 and 60 y old. Eating habits and nutritional intake were evaluated through a food consumption frequency questionnaire, 24-h dietary recall, and subsequent data entry using DIAL software. The anthropometric parameters weight and height were determined following the protocol proposed by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinathropometry and waist circumference was determined following the protocol of the World Health Organization.
Results
The study found that the diets of the studied population were unhealthy, with low fruit consumption (6.4 ± 4.39 rations in transgender men versus 11.5 ± 2.59 rations in transgender women, P = 0.758898323). Diets were high in lipids (43.62 and 44.24 in transgender women and transgender men, respectively) and protein (16.63 and 15.65 in transgender women and transgender men, respectively). Deficiencies in carbohydrates, folate, vitamin D, and minerals such as calcium, iodine, and zinc were detected along with an excess of selenium and especially phosphorus, which could affect hormone levels.
Conclusions
Changes were detected as a result of their desire to look similar physically to the desired sex, they followed rules, ways of acting, and habits of primary socialization (learned in the family during their life). The analysis of the changes observed in our study revealed that during the transition process, eating habits changed based on information, often incorrect, obtained from the internet. Therefore, it is advisable to recommend implementing strategies that increase the consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. In this study, we detected some nutritional deficiencies depending on the type of hormone treatment, so nutritional care must be individualized. Therefore, individualized nutritional interventions focused on increasing the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains should be carried out. It would be advisable to develop guidelines for nutritional advice, diagnosis, and intervention for transgender people based on scientific evidence as well as provide nutritional advice to the clinicians responsible for their follow-up.
{"title":"Eating habits of a cross-section of the transgender population in the area of Madrid (Spain) and their adaptation to their nutritional needs","authors":"María Victorina Aguilar Vilas PhD , Laura Sánchez Amador PhD , Antonio Becerra Fernández MD , Teresa Hernández García PhD , Rosa Rodríguez Torres MD , María Concepción Alonso Rodríguez ScD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To analyze the eating habits of the transgender population throughout the transition process, evaluate the nutritional requirements associated with gender transition, and reflect on the possible dietary challenges facing the transgender population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 146 individuals (58.90% transgender women [<em>n</em> = 86] and 41.09% transgender men [<em>n</em> = 60]) aged between 18 and 60 y old. Eating habits and nutritional intake were evaluated through a food consumption frequency questionnaire, 24-h dietary recall, and subsequent data entry using DIAL software. The anthropometric parameters weight and height were determined following the protocol proposed by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinathropometry and waist circumference was determined following the protocol of the World Health Organization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that the diets of the studied population were unhealthy, with low fruit consumption (6.4 ± 4.39 rations in transgender men versus 11.5 ± 2.59 rations in transgender women, <em>P</em> = 0.758898323). Diets were high in lipids (43.62 and 44.24 in transgender women and transgender men, respectively) and protein (16.63 and 15.65 in transgender women and transgender men, respectively). Deficiencies in carbohydrates, folate, vitamin D, and minerals such as calcium, iodine, and zinc were detected along with an excess of selenium and especially phosphorus, which could affect hormone levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Changes were detected as a result of their desire to look similar physically to the desired sex, they followed rules, ways of acting, and habits of primary socialization (learned in the family during their life). The analysis of the changes observed in our study revealed that during the transition process, eating habits changed based on information, often incorrect, obtained from the internet. Therefore, it is advisable to recommend implementing strategies that increase the consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. In this study, we detected some nutritional deficiencies depending on the type of hormone treatment, so nutritional care must be individualized. Therefore, individualized nutritional interventions focused on increasing the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains should be carried out. It would be advisable to develop guidelines for nutritional advice, diagnosis, and intervention for transgender people based on scientific evidence as well as provide nutritional advice to the clinicians responsible for their follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 112689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112690
Lishuang Wei M.D. , Chongjie Liu M.S. , Shuyao Wang M.S. , Heyang Zhang M.D. , Guotian Ruan M.D. , Hailun Xie M.D. , Hanping Shi M.D.
Objectives
This study investigated the correlation between body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived specific body compositions, and the obesity paradox, with a focus on sex differences in non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods
This study is a multicenter prospective cohort. Association with survival was determined using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The mediating effect of systemic inflammation on the association between body composition and survival rate was determined using mediation analysis.
Results
Fat mass had a strong positive correlation with BMI, but a weak positive correlation with other BIA-derived body compositions. Obese, overweight, and normal weight patients had significantly longer median survival than patients with BMI <18.5 ([23.2 versus 18.5 versus 17.5 versus 15.8] months, P < 0.001). Increased BMI and BIA-derived body composition indicators were associated with decreased all-cause mortality. Multivariable-adjusted analysis demonstrated that BMI, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass, muscle mass, bone mass, protein mass, total body water, extracellular water, and intracellular water were independent protective factors affecting the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. A difference in body compositions performance in the prognostic assessment of the different sexes was observed. Fat-related body compositions exhibited a significant obesity paradox in females compared to in males. Systemic inflammation played a crucial role in the relationship between body compositions and disease prognosis, with a mediating effect on body fat in males (31%) and females (19.7%).
Conclusions
The obesity paradox exists among patients with NSCLC and is not influenced by specific body compositions. In addition, this paradox is notably more common in female patients.
Trial registration
Registration number: ChiCTR1800020329
{"title":"Sex differences in the obesity paradox of body compositions in non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Lishuang Wei M.D. , Chongjie Liu M.S. , Shuyao Wang M.S. , Heyang Zhang M.D. , Guotian Ruan M.D. , Hailun Xie M.D. , Hanping Shi M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the correlation between body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived specific body compositions, and the obesity paradox, with a focus on sex differences in non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study is a multicenter prospective cohort. Association with survival was determined using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The mediating effect of systemic inflammation on the association between body composition and survival rate was determined using mediation analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fat mass had a strong positive correlation with BMI, but a weak positive correlation with other BIA-derived body compositions. Obese, overweight, and normal weight patients had significantly longer median survival than patients with BMI <18.5 ([23.2 versus 18.5 versus 17.5 versus 15.8] months, <em>P</em> < 0.001). Increased BMI and BIA-derived body composition indicators were associated with decreased all-cause mortality. Multivariable-adjusted analysis demonstrated that BMI, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass, muscle mass, bone mass, protein mass, total body water, extracellular water, and intracellular water were independent protective factors affecting the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. A difference in body compositions performance in the prognostic assessment of the different sexes was observed. Fat-related body compositions exhibited a significant obesity paradox in females compared to in males. Systemic inflammation played a crucial role in the relationship between body compositions and disease prognosis, with a mediating effect on body fat in males (31%) and females (19.7%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The obesity paradox exists among patients with NSCLC and is not influenced by specific body compositions. In addition, this paradox is notably more common in female patients.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>Registration number: ChiCTR1800020329</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 112690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intermittent fasting was associated with complications in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI). The study aimed to evaluate the impact of therapeutic education and drug adjustment on Ramadan fasting outcomes in patients with secondary AI (SAI).
Methods
A case-control prospective interventional study including patients with SAI willing to fast Ramadan 2023, and age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched healthy fasting controls. Before Ramadan, clinical examination, education for lifestyle measures, and hydrocortisone intake adjustment were performed. The occurrence of complications and the number of fasted days during Ramadan 2023 were reported and compared with those of Ramadan 2022 in patients and controls.
Results
A total of 50 patients; 33 women, median age: 43 years (34–55), median duration of SAI: 7.5 years (4–12.5), and 100 controls were enrolled, and fasted in 2023. Thirty-four patients and 100 controls fasted in 2022, corresponding to a 32% increase in fasting patients. Compared to 2022, there was a significant decrease in the frequency of complications in 2023 in patients compared to controls. The number of fasted days did not change. No severe event happened during the 2023 fasting. In patients, apart from the age that was higher in former fasters compared to new fasters, age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure levels, renal clearance, disease duration, and daily hydrocortisone dose were not associated with new versus former fasters, high versus low-risk patients, or incomplete versus complete month fasters.
Conclusions
Therapeutic education enabled more patients with SAI to fast and reduced the frequency of complications during fasting. Registered on “clinical trials.gov,” April 12, 2023, under the identifier ID: NCT05827965.
{"title":"Evaluation of therapeutic education on intermittent fasting in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency: A clinical trial","authors":"Melika Chihaoui M.D., Mariam Mabrouk M.D., Ibtissem Oueslati M.D., Nadia Khessairi M.D., Fatma Chaker M.D., Meriem Yazidi M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Intermittent fasting was associated with complications in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI). The study aimed to evaluate the impact of therapeutic education and drug adjustment on Ramadan fasting outcomes in patients with secondary AI (SAI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A case-control prospective interventional study including patients with SAI willing to fast Ramadan 2023, and age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched healthy fasting controls. Before Ramadan, clinical examination, education for lifestyle measures, and hydrocortisone intake adjustment were performed. The occurrence of complications and the number of fasted days during Ramadan 2023 were reported and compared with those of Ramadan 2022 in patients and controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 50 patients; 33 women, median age: 43 years (34–55), median duration of SAI: 7.5 years (4–12.5), and 100 controls were enrolled, and fasted in 2023. Thirty-four patients and 100 controls fasted in 2022, corresponding to a 32% increase in fasting patients. Compared to 2022, there was a significant decrease in the frequency of complications in 2023 in patients compared to controls. The number of fasted days did not change. No severe event happened during the 2023 fasting. In patients, apart from the age that was higher in former fasters compared to new fasters, age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure levels, renal clearance, disease duration, and daily hydrocortisone dose were not associated with new versus former fasters, high versus low-risk patients, or incomplete versus complete month fasters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Therapeutic education enabled more patients with SAI to fast and reduced the frequency of complications during fasting. Registered on “clinical trials.gov,” April 12, 2023, under the identifier ID: NCT05827965.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 112688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112687
Ning Zhu M.D. , Zhongbo Chen M.D. , Xuechan Yu M.D., Jingjing Hu M.D., Linfeng Wang M.D., Chao Cao Ph.D.
Objectives
This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2020) to explore the relationship between dietary antioxidant intake and serum cotinine levels among US adults.
Methods
A total of 41 132 participants were included after exclusions. The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), incorporating vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids, was derived from 24-hour dietary recalls. Associations were assessed using multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum models.
Results
Higher CDAI quartiles were significantly associated with lower serum cotinine levels in the overall population, indicated by a β coefficient of –0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.51, –0.33). Subgroup analyses revealed that Quartile 4 showed an inverse association with serum cotinine levels compared to Quartile 1 (β = –0.34, 95% CI: –0.45, –0.23; P < 0.001) among never-smokers, with stronger effects observed among former and current smokers. Specifically, among former smokers, Quartile 4 exhibited a β coefficient of –0.53 (95% CI: –0.77, –0.30; P < 0.001), and among current smokers (n = 8280), Quartile 4 had a β coefficient of –0.44 (95% CI: –0.58, –0.30; P < 0.001). Importantly, no significant interaction was observed between CDAI and smoking status. Weighted quantile sum analysis demonstrated a negative association between combined antioxidant intake and cotinine levels (β = –0.073 [–0.087, –0.059], P < 0.001), with vitamin A exerting the most significant influence (36.30%).
Conclusions
Higher dietary antioxidant intake, particularly vitamin A, is associated with lower serum cotinine levels, suggesting potential protective effects against tobacco exposure in US adults. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to examine the potential role of dietary antioxidants in mitigating the effects of tobacco exposure.
{"title":"Correlation analysis on the association of composite dietary antioxidant index with serum cotinine levels in the general adult population","authors":"Ning Zhu M.D. , Zhongbo Chen M.D. , Xuechan Yu M.D., Jingjing Hu M.D., Linfeng Wang M.D., Chao Cao Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2020) to explore the relationship between dietary antioxidant intake and serum cotinine levels among US adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 41 132 participants were included after exclusions. The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), incorporating vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids, was derived from 24-hour dietary recalls. Associations were assessed using multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher CDAI quartiles were significantly associated with lower serum cotinine levels in the overall population, indicated by a <em>β</em> coefficient of –0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.51, –0.33). Subgroup analyses revealed that Quartile 4 showed an inverse association with serum cotinine levels compared to Quartile 1 (<em>β</em> = –0.34, 95% CI: –0.45, –0.23; <em>P</em> < 0.001) among never-smokers, with stronger effects observed among former and current smokers. Specifically, among former smokers, Quartile 4 exhibited a <em>β</em> coefficient of –0.53 (95% CI: –0.77, –0.30; <em>P</em> < 0.001), and among current smokers (<em>n</em> = 8280), Quartile 4 had a <em>β</em> coefficient of –0.44 (95% CI: –0.58, –0.30; <em>P</em> < 0.001). Importantly, no significant interaction was observed between CDAI and smoking status. Weighted quantile sum analysis demonstrated a negative association between combined antioxidant intake and cotinine levels (<em>β</em> = –0.073 [–0.087, –0.059], <em>P</em> < 0.001), with vitamin A exerting the most significant influence (36.30%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher dietary antioxidant intake, particularly vitamin A, is associated with lower serum cotinine levels, suggesting potential protective effects against tobacco exposure in US adults. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to examine the potential role of dietary antioxidants in mitigating the effects of tobacco exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 112687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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