Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Mediterranean diet in cancer patients’ survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis for tertiary prevention featured in the Italian National Guidelines “La Dieta Mediterranea”","authors":"Daniele Nucci M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Francesco Saverio Ragusa M.D. ,&nbsp;Nicola Veronese M.D. ,&nbsp;Antonella Brunello M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Alessandro Laviano M.D. ,&nbsp;Massimo Volpe M.D. ,&nbsp;Stefania Maggi M.D. ,&nbsp;Graziano Onder M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marco Silano M.D. ,&nbsp;Michela Zanetti M.D. ,&nbsp;Elena Alonzo M.D. ,&nbsp;Lucilla Crudele M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Martina Fichera M.D. ,&nbsp;Cristina Giussani M.D. ,&nbsp;Alessandro Misotti R.D.N., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Barbara Paolini M.D. ,&nbsp;Ilaria Trestini R.D., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Vincenza Gianfredi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Mediterranean Diet Guideline Group","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cancer remains a leading global health burden, yet survival rates are improving due to better prevention and treatment advances. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we investigate the impact of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) on overall and disease-free survival in cancer patients across various cancer types.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed up to February 28, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with the NUTRIGRADE approach. Pooled effect sizes were computed using a random-effects model and expressed as risk ratios, hazard ratios (HR), or odds ratios.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 8314 records initially identified, 17 studies were included; sample sizes ranged from 23 to 6457. Moderate-certainty evidence showed that higher adherence to the MD was associated with reduced overall mortality in cancer patients (risk ratio: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94–0.98), including subgroups with head and neck (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84–1.00), ovarian (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56–0.87), prostate (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.99), breast (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96–0.98), and gastric cancer (HR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.45–0.55). Moderate-certainty evidence supported improved disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer (HR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.15–0.72).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher adherence to the MD correlates with improved survival and quality of life in various cancers. It is therefore a promising, sustainable strategy to be integrated in cancer care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the MIND diet in Alzheimer's disease patients: A case-control study on malnutrition and depression","authors":"Nurefşan Konyalıgil Öztürk Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Canan Akünal M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to examine the association between depression, malnutrition, and the Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet in Alzheimer's disease patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 30 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 30 healthy controls. A questionnaire form including sociodemographic characteristics was applied to the individuals. In addition, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, nutritional status (Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and MIND diet scores) and mental health status [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)].</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>BDI and BAI scores were significantly higher in the AD group compared to the control group. MIND diet score was found to be significantly lower in the AD group compared to the control group (independent t-tests, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Higher adherence to the MIND diet was significantly associated with lower malnutrition and depression scores among Alzheimer's disease patients (correlation analyses, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The risk of developing AD was found to be 2.034 times higher in those with high malnutrition status (logistic regression analysis, 95% CI; 1.143–3.621; <em>P</em> = 0.016, R²: 44.2%). Those with a high MIND diet score had an approximately 2.879-fold increased chance of being healthy (logistic regression analysis, 95% CI; 1.506–5.503; <em>P</em> = 0.001, R²: 44.2%). According to ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for the depression score was 0.946 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that adherence to the MIND diet may support nutrition and psychological well-being in AD and highlight the value of integrating nutrition-based approaches into dementia care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional study among Italian university students: The UniFoodWaste study","authors":"Flavia Pennisi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Daniele Nucci Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Antonio Pinto M.D. ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Stacchini M.D. ,&nbsp;Nicola Veronese Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Stefania Maggi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Carlo Signorelli Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Baldo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Vincenza Gianfredi Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression is a major global health issue and is particularly prevalent among university students. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary patterns, especially the Mediterranean diet (MD), may influence mental health. This study aimed to examine the association between adherence to the MD and depressive symptoms among Italian university students.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted among students aged ≥18 y enrolled at the University of Milan (<em>N</em> = 2697). Adherence to the MD was assessed using the validated Medi-Lite score (range 0–18), while depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), analyzed both as a continuous variable and using established cut-offs (≥5 and ≥10). Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to assess associations between MD adherence, individual dietary components, and depressive symptoms, adjusting for age and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher MD adherence was significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Each one-point increase in the Medi-Lite score was linked to lower odds of PHQ-9 ≥ 10 (aOR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–0.95; <em>P</em> = 0.001), PHQ-9 ≥ 5 (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85–0.93; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and reduced PHQ-9 scores (<em>β</em> = –0.02, 95% CI: –0.03 to –0.01; <em>P</em> = 0.001). Consuming &gt;2 portions/d of fruit (aOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45–0.80; <em>P</em> = 0.001) and &gt;2.5 portions/d of vegetables (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.45–0.85; <em>P</em> = 0.003) was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms; vegetable intake also correlated with lower PHQ-9 scores (<em>β</em> = –0.14, 95% CI: –0.23 to –0.06; <em>P</em> = 0.001). Reduced meat intake (&lt;1 portion/d) and regular olive oil use were further linked to lower depressive symptomatology. In contrast, alcohol consumption of 1 to 2 units/d (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10–1.79; <em>P</em> = 0.006) and frequent use of food waste apps (≥1/wk: aOR = 4.26, 95% CI: 1.18–15.34; <em>P</em> = 0.027; <em>β</em> = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.00–0.76; <em>P</em> = 0.049) were associated with increased depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Greater adherence to the MD was associated with lower depressive symptoms among university students. Promoting MD adherence in student health programs may offer a useful non-pharmacological strategy to support mental well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reformulation without substitution as a strategy to reduce children’s free sugar intake in Uruguay: A simulation study","authors":"Florencia Alcaire B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Virginia Natero Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Gastón Ares Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Product reformulation is a promising strategy to address excessive free sugar consumption among children, yet mandatory programs remain rare across the globe. This study explores reformulation scenarios to reduce free sugar in processed foods without using nonsugar sweeteners in Uruguay, a high-income Latin American country.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-stage approach was applied: 1) development of reformulation policy scenarios, and 2) simulation of their potential impact on children’s free sugar intake. First, analysis of 2 national dietary surveys (24-h recalls) identified key product categories contributing to free sugar intake among children aged 6–59 mo and 4–13 y. A market database of processed and ultra-processed foods was then used to examine sugar content distribution. Second, the impact of each scenario was modelled by simulating changes in product sugar content within these categories and applying them to intake data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two policy options, inspired by sodium reduction strategies, were tested: maximum sugar levels and percentage reductions. Simulations indicated that percentage reductions would require reformulation of a larger proportion of products, resulting in greater decreases in average sugar content and higher effectiveness. Only this scenario yielded a statistically significant reduction in modelled free sugar and energy intake among children aged 6–59 mo. For both age groups, reductions approached 10%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sugar reformulation can lead to meaningful public health gains in the Uruguayan context. However, post-reformulation sugar intake remained above recommendations, highlighting the need for complementary measures to further discourage excessive consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113076"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoiding the collapse of the Tower of Babel in nutritional care","authors":"M. Isabel T.D. Correia M.D., Ph.D.,&nbsp;Alessandro Laviano M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NRS2002 outperforms GNRI and PG-SGA SF in GLIM-based malnutrition identification among elderly patients with gastrointestinal malignancy: A multicenter diagnostic study with calibration and net benefit assessment","authors":"Cheng Xu M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Jiajun Xu B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Beilan Shan M.B. ,&nbsp;Zhouwei Chen AD ,&nbsp;Cuihua Wang M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In this study we systematically assessed the diagnostic accuracy, calibration, and clinical utility of three study tools—the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002), the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA SF)—against the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for identifying malnutrition in elderly patients with gastrointestinal malignancy. The aim was to determine their potential as pragmatic surrogates for the full GLIM diagnostic process.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>412 patients (aged ≥ 60 y) with gastrointestinal malignancies from two hospitals in Shanghai were enrolled in this multicenter cross-sectional study. Diagnostic performance was assessed using GLIM criteria as the reference standard, evaluating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Calibration was tested with the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, clinical net benefit was analyzed through decision curve analysis, and cross-center consistency was measured using the <em>I</em>² statistic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The NRS2002 exhibited superior overall performance, characterized by high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.85), the highest sensitivity (81%), excellent cross-center stability (<em>I</em>² = 0%), no significant calibration deviation (<em>P</em> = 0.415), and a clinical net benefit across a 0–96% risk threshold. The PG-SGA SF showed a comparable AUC (0.86), yet was accompanied by high specificity (87%), lower sensitivity (70%), significant calibration bias (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and notable inter-center heterogeneity (<em>I</em>² = 81.5%). The GNRI presented weaker diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.79) and significant calibration error (<em>P</em> = 0.039), though it maintained good cross-center stability (<em>I</em>² = 0%). All tools achieved an AUC &gt; 0.70 across key clinical subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The NRS2002 is recommended as the primary surrogate diagnostic tool for GLIM-defined malnutrition in elderly patients with gastrointestinal malignancies, due to its balanced diagnostic accuracy and robust performance across settings. The GNRI offers an alternative based on objective parameters, while the PG-SGA SF is suitable for confirming malnutrition in low-risk outpatients. Future research should be focused on multicenter validation and examining the prognostic associations of these tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy intake and risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: A narrative review","authors":"Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran PhD ,&nbsp;Viswanathan Mohan PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy products are important components of human health. While some studies claim that dairy increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), several large studies have shown the beneficial impact of dairy consumption. The objective of this review is to highlight the effect of dairy intake on T2D and MetS using recent evidence (published within the last decade) from large epidemiological studies, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and Mendelian randomization (MR) and multi-omics studies, and to provide plausible underlying biological mechanisms linking dairy consumption with the risk of T2D and MetS. Given the increasing prevalence of T2D and MetS, it is important to understand the benefits and/or risks of milk and dairy products in the diet. Based on all available evidence from large-scale epidemiological studies, MR analyses, and RCTs, the beneficial impact of dairy products as part of a healthy diet plan appears to be an additional way of mitigating the risk of T2D and MetS. The evidence for a protective effect appears to be undisputed for fermented dairy products like yogurt. For milk, most studies were either protective or neutral, with very few showing a deleterious effect, and with respect to cheese and butter, there were studies showing a deleterious effect, but the grade of evidence was weak. Further mechanistic studies combined with large prospective studies and RCTs in ethnically diverse populations, taking into account sufficient dose and duration, are warranted to get a more complete understanding of dairy consumption and T2D risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113064"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the needs and preferences of oncology dietitians for mobile health apps","authors":"Olivia Solano B.A. ,&nbsp;Glen Morris Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Tammy Stump Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Christopher Colvin B.S. ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Tan B.S. ,&nbsp;Jung-Su Chang Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Annie W Lin Ph.D., R.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Mobile health (mHealth) apps are increasingly used to deliver nutrition care to cancer patients and survivors, yet little is known about how to design them for effective integration into supportive care. This study examined registered dietitians’ current mHealth practices and app preferences for supporting nutrition care for the oncology population, as well as most commonly suggested behavioral change techniques specific to cancer apps.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 17-item online questionnaire was distributed through the Oncology Dietetics Practice Group, Reddit and LinkedIn in a cross-sectional study. Surveys were filtered for complete and human-verified responses. Descriptive statistics were applied to closed-ended items, while content analysis was conducted for open-ended responses between three coders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The final sample included 50 oncology dietitians, Ninety percent of whom were interested in recommending mHealth apps as a nutrition resource for cancer patients and survivors despite 32% not using an app in practice. Dietitians expressed interest in features to deliver behavior change prompts to patients and to increase self-monitoring of dietary habits (72%). Participants also indicated interest in features that allow them to view dietary data to facilitate discussions on diet quality (78%) and energy adequacy (82%). In response to a question about preferred data types, dietitians preferred access to information about gastrointestinal symptoms (98%), macro- and micronutrient intake (90%), nutrition goal completion (84%), and food group intake (82%). Self-monitoring, goals and planning, and providing feedback to the patient were the most common features requested for a cancer app.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Oncology dietitians are interested in using and recommending apps to support nutrition care for cancer patients and survivors. The study findings can inform future efforts to tailor mHealth app features and data to support oncology nutrition care and workflow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue: agreement and reliability between dietetic-led ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"Shayal K. Chand M.H.Sc. ,&nbsp;Lindsay D. Plank D.Phil. ,&nbsp;Kate Lambell Ph.D. ,&nbsp;John A. Windsor M.B.Ch.B, M.D., F.R.A.C.S. ,&nbsp;Carrie P. Earthman Ph.D., R.D. ,&nbsp;Warwick Vaughan M.H.Sc. ,&nbsp;Andrea J. Braakhuis Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low muscle mass is prevalent and has detrimental effects on morbidity and mortality. Body composition assessment is essential for early detection of muscle loss and malnutrition, yet reference methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are costly and routinely inaccessible in clinical practice. Ultrasound has emerged as a promising noninvasive, bedside tool for body composition assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To assess the agreement between ultrasound and MRI-measured muscle thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA) and subcutaneous adipose thickness at the bicep and quadriceps. To investigate inter- and intra-operator reliability of ultrasound measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 35 healthy participants. Ultrasound images were taken by two researchers. An MRI scan was conducted during the same research visit. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analyses were performed to test agreement of ultrasound against MRI, as well as inter- and intra-operator reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean difference between measures was 0.04 mm (SD = 2.68 mm) at the right quadricep 2/3 point, showing minimal bias. The mean differences for quadricep muscle thickness ranged from -1.41 to 0.04 mm and CSA -0.07 to 0.05 cm². High ICC of &gt;0.90 were obtained for muscle and subcutaneous adipose thickness at all 5 sites when comparing ultrasound with MRI, and for the inter- and intra-operator reliability of ultrasound.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In healthy participants, ultrasound measures of muscle and subcutaneous adipose thickness had a high level of agreement compared with MRI measures. This highlights the potential to use ultrasound for body composition assessment in clinical practice and research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of best evidence for nutritional and dietary interventions in managing chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in cancer patients","authors":"Wei Peng MSc ,&nbsp;Xiao Yu Wang PhD ,&nbsp;Meng Xue Chen PhD ,&nbsp;Hong Rui Shi PhD ,&nbsp;Xin Xin Fan MSc ,&nbsp;Yu Jie Xu PhD ,&nbsp;Guo Cheng PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity (CIGT) is one of the most frequent and debilitating adverse effects of cancer treatment, leading to impaired quality of life, malnutrition, treatment interruptions, and increased health care burden. Nutritional and dietary interventions have been recognized as essential strategies for the prevention and management of CIGT.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to provide an evidence-based foundation for clinical practice by systematically searching, evaluating, and summarizing the best available evidence on nutritional and dietary interventions for the prevention and management CIGT in cancer patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following the “6S” evidence resource model, a top-down retrieval strategy was used to search relevant guidelines, best practices, evidence summaries, systematic reviews (SRs), and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between October 2014 and October 2025. Two reviewers independently screened, appraised, and extracted data. Evidence quality was graded using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 25 publications were included, comprising 2 guidelines, 3 clinical decisions, 2 expert consensus, 14 SRs, and 4 RCTs. Through induction and synthesis, 30 best evidence items were identified and summarized into 6 thematic domains: general principles, management of general gastrointestinal side effects, alleviation of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, alleviation of intestinal mucositis, alleviation of diarrhea, and nutritional education and support.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study summarized the best evidence for nutritional and dietary interventions for the prevention and management of CIGT from six aspects, providing a scientific basis for health care professionals to design and implement nutritional care strategies that improve treatment tolerance, enhance nutritional status, and optimize patient outcomes. Local adaptation of these recommendations is encouraged, considering individual patient characteristics, clinical settings, and health care resources to ensure effective implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}