Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113037
Aline Penna-de-Carvalho Ph.D. , Brenda A. Nagagata R.D., Ph.D. , Renata S. Guarnieri R.D. , Mauricio M.S. Borges B.Sc. , Luciana P.M. Teixeira B.Sc. , Samara C. Ferreira-Machado Ph.D. , Marcia B. Aguila R.D., Ph.D.
Objectives
We investigated the impact of a ketogenic diet (KD) on feeding behavior, locomotion, and anxiety-like behaviors in mice.
Methods
Three-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (C, n = 120) or a diet-inducing obesity and diabetes (high-fat, high-sucrose, HFHS) (Od, n = 120). After 12 wk, mice continued their diet (C1, C4, Od1, Od4) or were switched to a KD for 1 or 4 wk (C/K1, C/K4, Od/K1, Od/K4; n = 30/group). Food-seeking behavior was assessed using the Y-maze test, while locomotion and anxiety-like behavior were evaluated using the Open Field test.
Results
The HFHS diet induced metabolic dysfunction. Body weight increased significantly in Od compared to C, and severe glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were established and maintained throughout the 16 wk in Od4 (P < 0.001). Insulin sensitivity declined across several groups, including Od1, Od4, and C/K1. The Y-maze test revealed significant, time-dependent shifts in dietary preference upon transition (Od1 vs. C1, P = 0.0001; Od/K1 vs. Od/K4, P < 0.0001). Notably, mice transitioned to the KD for 4 wk (Od/K4) showed significantly increased exploratory behavior and total distance traveled in the Open Field test compared to control- and HFHS-maintained groups (C/K4 and Od4).
Conclusions
Switching to a KD induced rapid neurobehavioral adaptations (altered preferences, increased activity), but it was insufficient to reverse the severe HFHS-induced metabolic dysfunction fully. These findings highlight the differential effects of macronutrient-specific interventions on behavior versus systemic metabolism and warrant further investigation into long-term efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms.
目的研究生酮饮食（KD）对小鼠摄食行为、运动和焦虑样行为的影响。方法3月龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠分别饲喂对照饲粮（C, n = 120）和饮食诱导型肥胖糖尿病（高脂、高糖、HFHS）饲粮（Od, n = 120）。12周后，小鼠继续其饮食（C1, C4, Od1, Od4）或切换到KD 1或4周（C/K1, C/K4, Od/K1, Od/K4; n = 30/组）。寻找食物行为采用y迷宫测试进行评估，而运动和焦虑样行为采用开放场地测试进行评估。结果HFHS饮食引起代谢功能障碍。与C组相比，Od组体重显著增加，并且在Od4组16周内建立并维持了严重的葡萄糖耐受不良和胰岛素抵抗（P < 0.001）。胰岛素敏感性在包括Od1、Od4和C/K1在内的几个组中都有所下降。y迷宫测试显示，转变后饮食偏好发生了显著的时间依赖性变化（Od1 vs. C1, P = 0.0001; Od/K1 vs. Od/K4, P < 0.0001）。值得注意的是，与对照组和hfhs维持组（C/K4和Od4）相比，过渡到KD 4周（Od/K4）的小鼠在Open Field测试中表现出明显增加的探索行为和总距离。结论：切换到KD诱导快速的神经行为适应（偏好改变，活动增加），但不足以完全逆转hfhs诱导的严重代谢功能障碍。这些发现强调了巨量营养素特异性干预对行为和全身代谢的不同影响，值得进一步研究长期疗效和潜在的分子机制。
{"title":"Metabolic adaptations and dietary preferences in mice exposed to ketogenic and high-fat high-sucrose diets","authors":"Aline Penna-de-Carvalho Ph.D. , Brenda A. Nagagata R.D., Ph.D. , Renata S. Guarnieri R.D. , Mauricio M.S. Borges B.Sc. , Luciana P.M. Teixeira B.Sc. , Samara C. Ferreira-Machado Ph.D. , Marcia B. Aguila R.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigated the impact of a ketogenic diet (KD) on feeding behavior, locomotion, and anxiety-like behaviors in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (C, <em>n</em> = 120) or a diet-inducing obesity and diabetes (high-fat, high-sucrose, HFHS) (Od, <em>n</em> = 120). After 12 wk, mice continued their diet (C1, C4, Od1, Od4) or were switched to a KD for 1 or 4 wk (C/K1, C/K4, Od/K1, Od/K4; <em>n</em> = 30/group). Food-seeking behavior was assessed using the Y-maze test, while locomotion and anxiety-like behavior were evaluated using the Open Field test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The HFHS diet induced metabolic dysfunction. Body weight increased significantly in Od compared to C, and severe glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were established and maintained throughout the 16 wk in Od4 (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Insulin sensitivity declined across several groups, including Od1, Od4, and C/K1. The Y-maze test revealed significant, time-dependent shifts in dietary preference upon transition (Od1 vs. C1, <em>P</em> = 0.0001; Od/K1 vs. Od/K4, <em>P</em> < 0.0001). Notably, mice transitioned to the KD for 4 wk (Od/K4) showed significantly increased exploratory behavior and total distance traveled in the Open Field test compared to control- and HFHS-maintained groups (C/K4 and Od4).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Switching to a KD induced rapid neurobehavioral adaptations (altered preferences, increased activity), but it was insufficient to reverse the severe HFHS-induced metabolic dysfunction fully. These findings highlight the differential effects of macronutrient-specific interventions on behavior versus systemic metabolism and warrant further investigation into long-term efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113031
Dongchi Ma M.M. , Yonghong Wu M.M. , Jiaying Yu B.M. , Chuyun Xu B.M. , Lili Yang Ph.D.
Objectives
Dietary patterns and oxidative stress have been strongly related to sarcopenic obesity (SO), but to our knowledge there have been no studies addressing the relation between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and SO among adults. The focus of the present work was examining the possible relationship between the CDAI as well as components and SO, thus providing relevant dietary guidance for the prevention and treatment of SO.
Methods
We analyzed the 2001–2006 and 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data. The CDAI was determined by absorption of six dietary antioxidants of 24-h dietary recall interviews. Multivariable regression analysis was performed for examining the association between CDAI and its components and SO. The associations were further examined using restricted cubic spline, mediation, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses.
Results
A total of 13 393 subjects were included, with an average age of 42.47 ± 0.23 y. After adjusting for all confounders, the CDAI showed a negative relationship to SO. The SO prevalence decreased by 52.7% in subjects of the highest quartile in comparison with subjects of the lowest quartile of the CDAI. RCS analysis suggested the CDAI was non-linearly related to SO.
Conclusions
The CDAI showed negative and non-linear association with SO prevalence, emphasizing that optimizing antioxidant dietary patterns is essential for reducing SO prevalence. These results, if confirmed, suggest that the CDAI may be a potential anti-SO approach.
{"title":"Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and sarcopenic obesity among United States adults: Evidence from the NHANES","authors":"Dongchi Ma M.M. , Yonghong Wu M.M. , Jiaying Yu B.M. , Chuyun Xu B.M. , Lili Yang Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Dietary patterns and oxidative stress have been strongly related to sarcopenic obesity (SO), but to our knowledge there have been no studies addressing the relation between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and SO among adults. The focus of the present work was examining the possible relationship between the CDAI as well as components and SO, thus providing relevant dietary guidance for the prevention and treatment of SO.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the 2001–2006 and 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data. The CDAI was determined by absorption of six dietary antioxidants of 24-h dietary recall interviews. Multivariable regression analysis was performed for examining the association between CDAI and its components and SO. The associations were further examined using restricted cubic spline, mediation, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 13 393 subjects were included, with an average age of 42.47 ± 0.23 y. After adjusting for all confounders, the CDAI showed a negative relationship to SO. The SO prevalence decreased by 52.7% in subjects of the highest quartile in comparison with subjects of the lowest quartile of the CDAI. RCS analysis suggested the CDAI was non-linearly related to SO.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The CDAI showed negative and non-linear association with SO prevalence, emphasizing that optimizing antioxidant dietary patterns is essential for reducing SO prevalence. These results, if confirmed, suggest that the CDAI may be a potential anti-SO approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113034
Yu-Shuai Bai M.A. , Shuai-Xin Yu M.A. , Lin Xia M.A. , Xiao Liang M.A. , Ling-Yue Meng M.A. , Dong-Xia Zhao M.A. , Tao Li M.D. , Chen-Xuan Li M.B. , Bo-Zhao Li M.A. , Man Li M.D.
Background
Body mass index (BMI) has limitations in reflecting body fat distribution and its implications on health. This study utilized more precise indicators of body fat distribution, including trunk fat mass, limb fat mass, total fat mass and body fat percentage, to investigate their associations with biological aging.
Methods
Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2018 was analyzed. A weighted linear regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between body fat characteristics and phenotypic age (PhenoAge). A restrictive cubic spline curve was used to explore potential non-linear relationship. Subgroup analysis and mediation analysis were conducted. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data.
Results
All body fat distribution indicators were positively correlated with PhenoAge, with trunk fat mass exhibiting the strongest association. Subgroup analyses revealed significant correlations across genders, age groups, and BMI categories. Mediation analysis identified C-reactive protein, the systemic immune-inflammation index, and the triglyceride-glucose index as partial mediators. MR analysis supported a causal relationship between body fat distribution and PhenoAge. Additionally, two-step MR analysis suggested a potential role of gut microbiota in linking body fat distribution and aging, while diet targeting gut microbiota diversity may mitigate the effects of body fat on aging.
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of body fat management, particularly trunk fat, in aging prevention strategies. Optimizing dietary patterns to enhance gut microbiota diversity represents a promising approach to delaying biological aging.
{"title":"Body fat distribution and aging: Unveiling association and potential intervention strategies","authors":"Yu-Shuai Bai M.A. , Shuai-Xin Yu M.A. , Lin Xia M.A. , Xiao Liang M.A. , Ling-Yue Meng M.A. , Dong-Xia Zhao M.A. , Tao Li M.D. , Chen-Xuan Li M.B. , Bo-Zhao Li M.A. , Man Li M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Body mass index (BMI) has limitations in reflecting body fat distribution and its implications on health. This study utilized more precise indicators of body fat distribution, including trunk fat mass, limb fat mass, total fat mass and body fat percentage, to investigate their associations with biological aging.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2018 was analyzed. A weighted linear regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between body fat characteristics and phenotypic age (PhenoAge). A restrictive cubic spline curve was used to explore potential non-linear relationship. Subgroup analysis and mediation analysis were conducted. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All body fat distribution indicators were positively correlated with PhenoAge, with trunk fat mass exhibiting the strongest association. Subgroup analyses revealed significant correlations across genders, age groups, and BMI categories. Mediation analysis identified C-reactive protein, the systemic immune-inflammation index, and the triglyceride-glucose index as partial mediators. MR analysis supported a causal relationship between body fat distribution and PhenoAge. Additionally, two-step MR analysis suggested a potential role of gut microbiota in linking body fat distribution and aging, while diet targeting gut microbiota diversity may mitigate the effects of body fat on aging.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the importance of body fat management, particularly trunk fat, in aging prevention strategies. Optimizing dietary patterns to enhance gut microbiota diversity represents a promising approach to delaying biological aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113033
Julia Montenegro PhD , Jonathan P. Bennett PhD , Camila L.P. Oliveira PhD , Aloys Berg MD , Arya M. Sharma MD , Laurie Mereu MD , John A. Shepherd PhD , Mario Siervo PhD , Jens Walter PhD , Carla M. Prado PhD, RD
Objectives
Accurate body composition assessment is critical for detecting individuals at increased health risk from excess adiposity; however, many measurement techniques lose accuracy in those with a higher body mass index (BMI). This study evaluated the accuracy of body composition techniques against a 4-compartment (4C) model in individuals with overweight or obesity.
Methods
N = 75 participants were categorized as having overweight (n = 56, BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) or obesity (n = 19, BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). An adapted 4C model used body mass, body volume (via ADP), bone mineral content (via DXA), and total body water (TBW, via BIA). Accuracy was assessed as mean differences (MD) ± standard deviation (comparator − 4C) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA).
Results
ADP demonstrated the smallest overall difference in body fat percentage (BF%; MD = 0.10% ± 1.70%, LoA [−3.23, 3.43], P = 0.620), but its accuracy reduced in individuals with obesity. Both BIA (MD = 1.73% ± 1.72%, LoA [−1.52, 4.98]) and DXA (MD = 1.86% ± 1.79%, LoA [−1.65, 5.37]) overestimated BF% (both P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Overall, ADP demonstrated the best accuracy, while DXA had the greatest differences compared to the 4C model. This may have resulted from TBW being overestimated by BIA, which would inflate 4C-derived fat-free mass. Although all methods demonstrated strong agreement for group-level BF%, a substantial individual-level variability (up to 5% error) highlights the need for caution when interpreting results in clinical or personalized assessment contexts in individuals with excess body weight.
{"title":"Comparing body composition techniques against an adapted multicompartment model in individuals with excess body weight","authors":"Julia Montenegro PhD , Jonathan P. Bennett PhD , Camila L.P. Oliveira PhD , Aloys Berg MD , Arya M. Sharma MD , Laurie Mereu MD , John A. Shepherd PhD , Mario Siervo PhD , Jens Walter PhD , Carla M. Prado PhD, RD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Accurate body composition assessment is critical for detecting individuals at increased health risk from excess adiposity; however, many measurement techniques lose accuracy in those with a higher body mass index (BMI). This study evaluated the accuracy of body composition techniques against a 4-compartment (4C) model in individuals with overweight or obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>N = 75 participants were categorized as having overweight (n = 56, BMI 25–29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) or obesity (n = 19, BMI ≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). An adapted 4C model used body mass, body volume (via ADP), bone mineral content (via DXA), and total body water (TBW, via BIA). Accuracy was assessed as mean differences (MD) ± standard deviation (comparator − 4C) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ADP demonstrated the smallest overall difference in body fat percentage (BF%; MD = 0.10% ± 1.70%, LoA [−3.23, 3.43], <em>P</em> = 0.620), but its accuracy reduced in individuals with obesity. Both BIA (MD = 1.73% ± 1.72%, LoA [−1.52, 4.98]) and DXA (MD = 1.86% ± 1.79%, LoA [−1.65, 5.37]) overestimated BF% (both <em>P</em> < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, ADP demonstrated the best accuracy, while DXA had the greatest differences compared to the 4C model. This may have resulted from TBW being overestimated by BIA, which would inflate 4C-derived fat-free mass. Although all methods demonstrated strong agreement for group-level BF%, a substantial individual-level variability (up to 5% error) highlights the need for caution when interpreting results in clinical or personalized assessment contexts in individuals with excess body weight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113022
Emilaine Brinate Bastos M.Sc. , Wanélia Vieira Afonso Ph.D. , Gabriel Nathan da Costa Dias B.Sc. , Isabella Ferreira Pimentel , Maria Victória de Andrade Pinto B.Sc. , Fábio da Veiga Ued Ph.D. , Juliana Cristina Lemos de Souza Marchesi Ph.D. , Sandra da Silva , Patricia de Carvalho Padilha Ph.D.
We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) deviation, low muscle mass, and low quality of life (QoL) are associated with low handgrip strength (HGS) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the association between BMI, body composition measurements, QoL, and HGS in this population. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study with patients diagnosed at least 1 mo ago, aged 5 to 18 y. Multiple quantile regression models were performed to evaluate the relationships between the independent variables and HGS. Associations with P < 0.05 were considered significant. Forty-four patients with a median age of 10.1 (8.5–11.9) y were evaluated. The presence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) by BMI/age was 54.5%, and the median HGS and QoL assessment were 14 (9.1–18) kgf and 75 (66.3–81.2) points, respectively. The medians of age, weight, height, arm perimeter, arm muscle area (AMA), arm muscle perimeter (AMP), and BMI/age differed significantly according to the lowest tertile of HGS. There was a strong positive correlation between HGS and the variables arm perimeter (r = 0.703; P < 0.001), AMA (r = 0.814; P < 0.001), and AMP (r = 0.815; P < 0.001). There was no correlation between HGS and the QoL score (r = 0.059; P = 0.704). AMA, AMP, and age showed positive associations in all quantiles analyzed. However, BMI showed a negative association with the HGS outcome in all quantiles. It was possible to understand the influence of AMP and AMA at different levels of HGS, highlighting the importance of body composition and age as factors associated with muscular performance.
我们假设急性淋巴细胞白血病患者的身体质量指数（BMI）偏差、低肌肉质量和低生活质量（QoL）与低握力（HGS）有关。因此，我们的目的是评估该人群中BMI、身体成分测量、生活质量和HGS之间的关系。这是一项横断面、多中心研究，患者年龄在5至18岁之间，诊断时间至少为1个月。采用多分位数回归模型来评估自变量与HGS之间的关系。P <； 0.05的相关性被认为是显著的。44例患者的中位年龄为10.1（8.5-11.9）岁。超重和肥胖的BMI/年龄比例为54.5%，HGS和QoL评估的中位值分别为14 (9.1-18)kgf和75（66.3-81.2）分。年龄、体重、身高、手臂周长、手臂肌肉面积（AMA）、手臂肌肉周长（AMP）和BMI/年龄的中位数根据HGS的最低分位数存在显著差异。HGS与臂周（r = 0.703; P < 0.001）、AMA （r = 0.814; P < 0.001）、AMP （r = 0.815; P < 0.001）呈正相关。HGS与生活质量评分无相关性（r = 0.059; P = 0.704）。AMA、AMP和年龄在分析的所有分位数中均呈正相关。然而，BMI在所有分位数中均与HGS结果呈负相关。可以理解AMP和AMA对不同HGS水平的影响，强调了身体成分和年龄作为肌肉表现相关因素的重要性。
{"title":"Handgrip strength and body composition in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A cross-section study","authors":"Emilaine Brinate Bastos M.Sc. , Wanélia Vieira Afonso Ph.D. , Gabriel Nathan da Costa Dias B.Sc. , Isabella Ferreira Pimentel , Maria Victória de Andrade Pinto B.Sc. , Fábio da Veiga Ued Ph.D. , Juliana Cristina Lemos de Souza Marchesi Ph.D. , Sandra da Silva , Patricia de Carvalho Padilha Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) deviation, low muscle mass, and low quality of life (QoL) are associated with low handgrip strength (HGS) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the association between BMI, body composition measurements, QoL, and HGS in this population. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study with patients diagnosed at least 1 mo ago, aged 5 to 18 y. Multiple quantile regression models were performed to evaluate the relationships between the independent variables and HGS. Associations with <em>P</em> < 0.05 were considered significant. Forty-four patients with a median age of 10.1 (8.5–11.9) y were evaluated. The presence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) by BMI/age was 54.5%, and the median HGS and QoL assessment were 14 (9.1–18) kgf and 75 (66.3–81.2) points, respectively. The medians of age, weight, height, arm perimeter, arm muscle area (AMA), arm muscle perimeter (AMP), and BMI/age differed significantly according to the lowest tertile of HGS. There was a strong positive correlation between HGS and the variables arm perimeter (<em>r</em> = 0.703; <em>P</em> < 0.001), AMA (<em>r</em> = 0.814; <em>P</em> < 0.001), and AMP (<em>r</em> = 0.815; <em>P</em> < 0.001). There was no correlation between HGS and the QoL score (<em>r</em> = 0.059; <em>P</em> = 0.704). AMA, AMP, and age showed positive associations in all quantiles analyzed. However, BMI showed a negative association with the HGS outcome in all quantiles. It was possible to understand the influence of AMP and AMA at different levels of HGS, highlighting the importance of body composition and age as factors associated with muscular performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 113022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113020
Semíramis Silva Santos Ph.D. , Lucianna Auxi Teixeira Josino da Costa M.D., Ph.D. , Tamara Soares de Oliveira Araripe R.N. , Bárbara Danuta Lins Oliveira Reges R.N. , Helena Maria de Albuquerque Ximenes Ph.D. , Ana Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro Moreira Ph.D.
Background
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients undergoing surgery often face immunosuppression, increasing postoperative risk. Immunomodulatory enteral nutrition (IEN) may enhance immune function and recovery, but mechanisms remain unclear. This study compared plasma proteomic profiles of patients receiving IEN versus standard enteral nutrition (SEN) to explore pathways linked to outcomes.
Methods
This analysis extended a previously published randomized clinical trial in GI cancer patients who received SEN or IEN postoperatively, with 50 patients in each group. The IEN was rich in arginine, nucleotides, vitamin B12, chloride, vitamin C, selenium, chromium, and molybdenum. Plasma samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry–based proteomics (MassLynx v4.1 and Progenesis v4.1). Proteins consistently detected across replicates (database search P < 0.05) were identified. Clinical outcomes, including complications and biochemical markers, were integrated with proteomic findings to interpret biological mechanisms.
Results
Distinct proteomic profiles were observed. The IEN group showed higher levels of complement proteins (C3, C5, C9), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2, pregnancy zone protein, immunoglobulins, and apolipoproteins—proteins linked to immune modulation, tissue repair, and inflammation control. The SEN group displayed elevated acute-phase proteins and coagulation factors, including fibrinogen and serum amyloid A-4, consistent with a pro-inflammatory, hypercoagulable state. These differences paralleled clinical results, with the IEN group experiencing fewer complications and improved albumin/globulin ratios.
Conclusions
This exploratory study suggests that immunonutrition may modulate complement activation and immune pathways, supporting better postoperative outcomes in GI cancer patients. The proteomic profile provides evidence that supports a mechanistic hypothesis underlying the observed clinical benefits. Future quantitative proteomics with larger cohorts is warranted to validate these findings and optimize perioperative nutrition strategies.
{"title":"Plasma proteomic profiles reveal immune modulation by immunonutrition in GI cancer","authors":"Semíramis Silva Santos Ph.D. , Lucianna Auxi Teixeira Josino da Costa M.D., Ph.D. , Tamara Soares de Oliveira Araripe R.N. , Bárbara Danuta Lins Oliveira Reges R.N. , Helena Maria de Albuquerque Ximenes Ph.D. , Ana Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro Moreira Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients undergoing surgery often face immunosuppression, increasing postoperative risk. Immunomodulatory enteral nutrition (IEN) may enhance immune function and recovery, but mechanisms remain unclear. This study compared plasma proteomic profiles of patients receiving IEN versus standard enteral nutrition (SEN) to explore pathways linked to outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This analysis extended a previously published randomized clinical trial in GI cancer patients who received SEN or IEN postoperatively, with 50 patients in each group. The IEN was rich in arginine, nucleotides, vitamin B12, chloride, vitamin C, selenium, chromium, and molybdenum. Plasma samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry–based proteomics (MassLynx v4.1 and Progenesis v4.1). Proteins consistently detected across replicates (database search <em>P</em> < 0.05) were identified. Clinical outcomes, including complications and biochemical markers, were integrated with proteomic findings to interpret biological mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Distinct proteomic profiles were observed. The IEN group showed higher levels of complement proteins (C3, C5, C9), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2, pregnancy zone protein, immunoglobulins, and apolipoproteins—proteins linked to immune modulation, tissue repair, and inflammation control. The SEN group displayed elevated acute-phase proteins and coagulation factors, including fibrinogen and serum amyloid A-4, consistent with a pro-inflammatory, hypercoagulable state. These differences paralleled clinical results, with the IEN group experiencing fewer complications and improved albumin/globulin ratios.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This exploratory study suggests that immunonutrition may modulate complement activation and immune pathways, supporting better postoperative outcomes in GI cancer patients. The proteomic profile provides evidence that supports a mechanistic hypothesis underlying the observed clinical benefits. Future quantitative proteomics with larger cohorts is warranted to validate these findings and optimize perioperative nutrition strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shift from chemotherapy to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) highlights the need for effective prognostic markers. Since traditional markers have limitations, we investigated whether the easily accessible psoas muscle index (PMI) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) could predict treatment outcomes.
Methods
This retrospective study involved 55 metastatic UC patients. All patients initially received platinum-based chemotherapy before starting ICI therapy with pembrolizumab or avelumab. We calculated baseline PMI from CT scans at the L3 vertebral level and PNI from serum albumin and lymphocyte counts. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS).
Results
Multivariate analysis showed that PMI (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51–0.99, P = 0.044), liver metastasis (HR = 10.6, 95% CI: 1.78–63.6, P = 0.010), and PNI (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71–0.97, P = 0.022) were significant, independent prognostic factors for OS. The results of the multivariate analysis are unadjusted for potential confounding factors and should be interpreted with caution. When we stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups based on these three factors, there was a statistically significant difference in OS between the groups (log-rank test, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
PMI and PNI are valuable, independent prognostic markers for metastatic UC patients. They could serve as practical prognostic markers to guide personalized treatment strategies, such as more intensive therapies or nutritional support for high-risk patients. Future large-scale studies are necessary to validate these results and establish standardized cutoff values.
{"title":"Prognostic significance of nutritional and muscular indices in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma: A preliminary study","authors":"Satoshi Yamamoto Ph.D., Keita Higa M.D., Koichiro Kurokawa M.D., Hiroki Bamba M.D., Sanji Kanaoka Ph.D., Kazuyoshi Nakamura Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The shift from chemotherapy to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) highlights the need for effective prognostic markers. Since traditional markers have limitations, we investigated whether the easily accessible psoas muscle index (PMI) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) could predict treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study involved 55 metastatic UC patients. All patients initially received platinum-based chemotherapy before starting ICI therapy with pembrolizumab or avelumab. We calculated baseline PMI from CT scans at the L3 vertebral level and PNI from serum albumin and lymphocyte counts. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multivariate analysis showed that PMI (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51–0.99, <em>P</em> = 0.044), liver metastasis (HR = 10.6, 95% CI: 1.78–63.6, <em>P</em> = 0.010), and PNI (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71–0.97, <em>P</em> = 0.022) were significant, independent prognostic factors for OS. The results of the multivariate analysis are unadjusted for potential confounding factors and should be interpreted with caution. When we stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups based on these three factors, there was a statistically significant difference in OS between the groups (log-rank test, <em>P</em> < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PMI and PNI are valuable, independent prognostic markers for metastatic UC patients. They could serve as practical prognostic markers to guide personalized treatment strategies, such as more intensive therapies or nutritional support for high-risk patients. Future large-scale studies are necessary to validate these results and establish standardized cutoff values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer-related malnutrition is common in gastrointestinal system (GIS) cancer patients, with oral nutritional supplements (ONS) prescribed to address deficiencies. This study assessed ONS-adherence rates in GIS cancer patients and their impact on nutritional status, body composition, functional outcomes, and quality of life.
Material and Methods
A prospective, multicenter study (ONMUS: Oral Nutritional Support Adherence, Muscle Strength, and General Health in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients) was conducted across eight centers in Turkey, including 426 GIS cancer patients. Malnutrition was assessed with the Subjective Global Assessment, and eligible patients were consecutively recruited. ONS adherence (≥75% of prescribed ONS), anthropometry, body composition, handgrip strength, functional performance, and quality of life were recorded was monitored over three visits.
Results
The cohort included 426 malnourished patients (mean age 61.1 ± 11.2 y, range: 19 to 90; 36.4%—female, 63.6%—male). Cancer types were gastric (35.7%), colon (33.9%), and rectal (30.4%). Subjective Global Assessment-based severe malnutrition decreased by 39.8% in the ONS-adherent group (AG) versus 8.4% in the non-AG (NAG). Body mass index declined in the NAG (P = 0.04), while weight and body mass index were maintained in the AG. Midupper arm and calf circumferences declined significantly in the NAG (P ≤ 0.05). Handgrip strength increased by 2 kg only in the AG (P = 0.003). ONS-adherence rates declined from 93.4% to 78.4% (P < 0.001). Main reasons for non-adherence were appetite loss (5.2%), nausea (4.9%), and GI intolerance (2.8%).
Conclusions
Sustained ONS adherence improved muscle strength, body composition, and overall health in GIS cancer patients. Strategies to monitor and support adherence should be integrated into routine nutritional care.
{"title":"Impact of oral nutritional support adherence on muscle strength, body composition, and general health status in gastrointestinal cancer patients: ONMUS study","authors":"Ahmet Ozveren MD , Timucin Cil MD , Derya Hopanci Bicakli MD , Gamze Gultekin MD , Dilek Dogan MD , Canan Zengin MD , Ahmet Bilici MD , Songul Sabir MD , Ozlem Ercelep MD , Feyzanur Eksi MD , Fatih Selcukbiricik MD , Meltem Yilmaz MD , Gozde Ergene MD , Ali Murat Tatli MD , Feray Karsli Aksoy MD , Ozen Uysal MD , Omer Dizdar MD , Hasan Cagri Yildirim MD , Nesrin Ozmen MD , Seniz Ozturk MD , Bulent Karabulut MD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cancer-related malnutrition is common in gastrointestinal system (GIS) cancer patients, with oral nutritional supplements (ONS) prescribed to address deficiencies. This study assessed ONS-adherence rates in GIS cancer patients and their impact on nutritional status, body composition, functional outcomes, and quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>A prospective, multicenter study (ONMUS: Oral Nutritional Support Adherence, Muscle Strength, and General Health in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients) was conducted across eight centers in Turkey, including 426 GIS cancer patients. Malnutrition was assessed with the Subjective Global Assessment, and eligible patients were consecutively recruited. ONS adherence (≥75% of prescribed ONS), anthropometry, body composition, handgrip strength, functional performance, and quality of life were recorded was monitored over three visits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort included 426 malnourished patients (mean age 61.1 ± 11.2 y, range: 19 to 90; 36.4%—female, 63.6%—male). Cancer types were gastric (35.7%), colon (33.9%), and rectal (30.4%). Subjective Global Assessment-based severe malnutrition decreased by 39.8% in the ONS-adherent group (AG) versus 8.4% in the non-AG (NAG). Body mass index declined in the NAG (<em>P</em> = 0.04), while weight and body mass index were maintained in the AG. Midupper arm and calf circumferences declined significantly in the NAG (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). Handgrip strength increased by 2 kg only in the AG (<em>P</em> = 0.003). ONS-adherence rates declined from 93.4% to 78.4% (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Main reasons for non-adherence were appetite loss (5.2%), nausea (4.9%), and GI intolerance (2.8%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sustained ONS adherence improved muscle strength, body composition, and overall health in GIS cancer patients. Strategies to monitor and support adherence should be integrated into routine nutritional care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113021
Julius Wu B.A. , Elka Jacobson-Dickman M.D., M.H.A.
Background
Menstrual health is a critical marker of physiological and psychological well-being in adolescents. While undernutrition and energy deficiency are well-known causes of menstrual disruption through hypothalamic hypogonadal suppression, the impact of overweight and obesity on menstrual physiology is an increasing clinical concern as adolescent obesity rates continue to rise globally.
Objectives
This review synthesizes current evidence on how excess adiposity, diet quality, physical activity, insulin sensitizers, and weight-modifying medications affect menstrual health in adolescents through the complex interplay of metabolic fuel signaling and reproductive endocrine pathways.
Methods
We review the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during pubertal development and the reproductive years, highlighting how metabolic signals, particularly leptin, insulin, and ghrelin, influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. We explore how excess adiposity may accelerate menarche, disrupt menstrual regularity, and increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenism, likely through hyperinsulinemia and altered gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulsatility. We also discuss the contributions of suboptimal diet quality and obesity to chronic inflammation and ovarian dysfunction.
Results
Structured lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications and regular physical activity, remain the cornerstone of managing overweight-related menstrual irregularities, to restore cycle regularity, and improve features of polycystic ovary syndrome. Insulin sensitizers, such as metformin, offer additional benefits for both metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. Newer incretin-based therapies, including semaglutide and tirzepatide, show promise in achieving significant weight reduction and metabolic improvements, with potential downstream benefits for menstrual health. However, data on their safety, reproductive outcomes, and optimal use in adolescents remain limited, and this area of research is still emerging.
Conclusions
While underweight status and malnutrition are important underpinnings of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity poses a growing risk to menstrual health in adolescents. Early, comprehensive, and personalized strategies that integrate nutrition, physical activity, psychological support, and, when appropriate, insulin sensitizers and other pharmacotherapies can help protect and enhance reproductive endocrine function, preserve fertility, and mitigate long-term health risks. Further research is needed to clarify the impact and long-term effects of novel weight-loss medications in order to inform clinical practice in adolescent care.
{"title":"The impact of nutrition, exercise, and pharmacotherapy on menstrual health in adolescents with overweight and obesity","authors":"Julius Wu B.A. , Elka Jacobson-Dickman M.D., M.H.A.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Menstrual health is a critical marker of physiological and psychological well-being in adolescents. While undernutrition and energy deficiency are well-known causes of menstrual disruption through hypothalamic hypogonadal suppression, the impact of overweight and obesity on menstrual physiology is an increasing clinical concern as adolescent obesity rates continue to rise globally.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This review synthesizes current evidence on how excess adiposity, diet quality, physical activity, insulin sensitizers, and weight-modifying medications affect menstrual health in adolescents through the complex interplay of metabolic fuel signaling and reproductive endocrine pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We review the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during pubertal development and the reproductive years, highlighting how metabolic signals, particularly leptin, insulin, and ghrelin, influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. We explore how excess adiposity may accelerate menarche, disrupt menstrual regularity, and increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenism, likely through hyperinsulinemia and altered gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulsatility. We also discuss the contributions of suboptimal diet quality and obesity to chronic inflammation and ovarian dysfunction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Structured lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications and regular physical activity, remain the cornerstone of managing overweight-related menstrual irregularities, to restore cycle regularity, and improve features of polycystic ovary syndrome. Insulin sensitizers, such as metformin, offer additional benefits for both metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. Newer incretin-based therapies, including semaglutide and tirzepatide, show promise in achieving significant weight reduction and metabolic improvements, with potential downstream benefits for menstrual health. However, data on their safety, reproductive outcomes, and optimal use in adolescents remain limited, and this area of research is still emerging.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While underweight status and malnutrition are important underpinnings of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity poses a growing risk to menstrual health in adolescents. Early, comprehensive, and personalized strategies that integrate nutrition, physical activity, psychological support, and, when appropriate, insulin sensitizers and other pharmacotherapies can help protect and enhance reproductive endocrine function, preserve fertility, and mitigate long-term health risks. Further research is needed to clarify the impact and long-term effects of novel weight-loss medications in order to inform clinical practice in adolescent care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113018
Iraj Fatima , Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan , Muhammad Aamir , Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated nutritional deficiencies, leading to a shift toward caloric-dense foods.
Objective
The current research aimed to analyze various Nutrisure formulas based on roasted chickpeas, nuts, seeds, and psyllium husk.
Method
Beetroot and turmeric powders were added to enhance the nutritional and functional properties of the formulas, and freshly prepared Nutrisure samples were stored at room temperature (20 ± 5°C) for 60 d.
Results
The results indicate that the Nutrisure formulas contained higher protein, fat, and fiber concentrations than the control formula. The antioxidant capacity of the Nutrisure formulas, such as total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl, were also higher at 2.46–2.56 µg gallic acid equivalents/g, 3.18–3.23 µg quercetin equivalents/g, 7.21–7.84 µmol trolox equivalent/g, and 81.23–83.02%, respectively.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study determined that the Nutrisure formulations are shelf-stable, nutrient-dense, and can help to provide sustainable nutritional security.
{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of chickpea-based supplements for their functional, structural, and organoleptic properties","authors":"Iraj Fatima , Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan , Muhammad Aamir , Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated nutritional deficiencies, leading to a shift toward caloric-dense foods.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The current research aimed to analyze various Nutrisure formulas based on roasted chickpeas, nuts, seeds, and psyllium husk.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Beetroot and turmeric powders were added to enhance the nutritional and functional properties of the formulas, and freshly prepared Nutrisure samples were stored at room temperature (20 ± 5°C) for 60 d.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicate that the Nutrisure formulas contained higher protein, fat, and fiber concentrations than the control formula. The antioxidant capacity of the Nutrisure formulas, such as total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl, were also higher at 2.46–2.56 µg gallic acid equivalents/g, 3.18–3.23 µg quercetin equivalents/g, 7.21–7.84 µmol trolox equivalent/g, and 81.23–83.02%, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, this study determined that the Nutrisure formulations are shelf-stable, nutrient-dense, and can help to provide sustainable nutritional security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113018"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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