Magaly Aceves-Martins, Anneli Lofstedt, Naara Libertad Godina Flores, Danielle Michelle Ortiz Hernández, Baukje de Roos
Background/objectives: Metrics drive diagnosis, and metrics will also drive our response to the challenge of climate change. Recognising how current scientific research defines and uses metrics of the environmental impact of human diets is essential to understand which foods, food groups, or dietary patterns are associated with a higher environmental impact.
Methods: This research, aided by artificial intelligence (AI), aimed to search, map, and synthesise current evidence on the commonly used definitions and metrics of the environmental impacts of human diets.
Results: We identified 466 studies measuring the environmental impact of diets. Most studies were from North American or European countries (67%), with data mainly from high-income countries (81%). Most studies did not include methods to recall the provenance of the foods consumed. Most (53%) of the studies only used one metric to estimate the environmental impact of human diets, with 82% of the studies using GHGE.
Conclusions: Agreement on how the environmental impact of diets is measured and more comprehensive and accurate data on the environmental impact of single foods is essential to better understand what changes in food systems are needed, at a consumer and policy level, to make a well-meaning change towards a more sustainable diet.
{"title":"What Environmental Metrics Are Used in Scientific Research to Estimate the Impact of Human Diets?","authors":"Magaly Aceves-Martins, Anneli Lofstedt, Naara Libertad Godina Flores, Danielle Michelle Ortiz Hernández, Baukje de Roos","doi":"10.3390/nu16183166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Metrics drive diagnosis, and metrics will also drive our response to the challenge of climate change. Recognising how current scientific research defines and uses metrics of the environmental impact of human diets is essential to understand which foods, food groups, or dietary patterns are associated with a higher environmental impact.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research, aided by artificial intelligence (AI), aimed to search, map, and synthesise current evidence on the commonly used definitions and metrics of the environmental impacts of human diets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 466 studies measuring the environmental impact of diets. Most studies were from North American or European countries (67%), with data mainly from high-income countries (81%). Most studies did not include methods to recall the provenance of the foods consumed. Most (53%) of the studies only used one metric to estimate the environmental impact of human diets, with 82% of the studies using GHGE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Agreement on how the environmental impact of diets is measured and more comprehensive and accurate data on the environmental impact of single foods is essential to better understand what changes in food systems are needed, at a consumer and policy level, to make a well-meaning change towards a more sustainable diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, there has been significant exploration into the utilization of food by-products as natural reservoirs of bioactive substances, particularly in the creation of functional foods naturally enriched with antioxidants. Citrus peels represent a viable option for formulating enhanced olive oils that contribute to a healthier diet, due to their bioactive compound content. This study aimed to (i) ascertain the compositional characteristics of Citrus reticulata olive oil (CrOO) and (ii) assess its nutraceutical properties in rats with metabolic disorder induced by 3 weeks of feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed a peculiar phytochemical composition, thanks to the contribution of citrus peels, which are excellent bio-products. In addition, it demonstrated HFD-induced weight gain (18 ± 2% for HFD vs. 13 ± 0.9% for CrOO) and showed protective effects on fasting blood glucose levels (90.2 ± 3.8 mg/dL for HFD vs. 72.3 ± 2.6 for CrOO). Furthermore, a reduction in cardiovascular risk (total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol = 5.0 ± 0.3 for HFD vs. 3.8 ± 0.3 for CrOO) and an improvement in myocardial tissue function were observed, as well as a significant reduction in inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2, and mPGES-1 in aortic vessel tissues, thus preserving endothelial function at the vascular level.
{"title":"<i>Citrus reticulata</i> Olive Oil: Production and Nutraceutical Effects on the Cardiovascular System in an In Vivo Rat Model of Metabolic Disorder.","authors":"Jacopo Spezzini, Valerio Ciccone, Monica Macaluso, Ylenia Pieracci, Guido Flamini, Sandra Donnini, Vincenzo Calderone, Lara Testai, Angela Zinnai","doi":"10.3390/nu16183172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, there has been significant exploration into the utilization of food by-products as natural reservoirs of bioactive substances, particularly in the creation of functional foods naturally enriched with antioxidants. <i>Citrus</i> peels represent a viable option for formulating enhanced olive oils that contribute to a healthier diet, due to their bioactive compound content. This study aimed to (i) ascertain the compositional characteristics of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> olive oil (CrOO) and (ii) assess its nutraceutical properties in rats with metabolic disorder induced by 3 weeks of feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed a peculiar phytochemical composition, thanks to the contribution of citrus peels, which are excellent bio-products. In addition, it demonstrated HFD-induced weight gain (18 ± 2% for HFD vs. 13 ± 0.9% for CrOO) and showed protective effects on fasting blood glucose levels (90.2 ± 3.8 mg/dL for HFD vs. 72.3 ± 2.6 for CrOO). Furthermore, a reduction in cardiovascular risk (total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol = 5.0 ± 0.3 for HFD vs. 3.8 ± 0.3 for CrOO) and an improvement in myocardial tissue function were observed, as well as a significant reduction in inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2, and mPGES-1 in aortic vessel tissues, thus preserving endothelial function at the vascular level.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Likun Huo, Wenjuan Zhao, Xiang Ji, Kangyin Chen, Tong Liu
Background: Inflammation and malnutrition are related to adverse clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether there is a relationship between the PNI (prognostic nutritional index) and RDW (red blood cell distribution width) regarding the impact on the prognosis in patients with CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: A total of 5605 consecutive CAD patients undergoing PCI were selected retrospectively. The patients were stratified into four groups according to the PNI [high PNI (H-PNI) and low PNI (L-PNI)] and RDW [high RDW (H-RDW) and low RDW (L-RDW)]. The cutoff values of RDW and PNI were calculated using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality (ACM). The secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), the composite of cardiac death (CD), the recurrence of MI, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stroke. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between the PNI, RDW, and clinical endpoints.
Results: During 1-year follow-up, 235 (4.19%) patients died. In multivariate regression analysis, the L-PNI/H-RDW group was found to have the highest risk of 1-year ACM [hazard ratio (HR) = 8.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.96-13.15, p = 0.020] with the H-PNI/L-RDW group as a reference, followed by the L-PNI/L-RDW (HR = 3.96, 95% CI: 2.60-6.00, p < 0.001) and H-RDW/H-PNI groups (HR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.99-4.50, p < 0.001). Nomograms were developed to predict the probability of 1-year ACM and MACCEs.
Conclusions: CAD patients with L-PNI and H-RDW experienced the worst prognosis. The combination of PNI and RDW was a strong predictor of 1-year ACM. The coexistence of PNI and RDW appears to have a synergistic effect, providing further information for the risk stratification of CAD patients.
{"title":"The Combination Effect of the Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Prognostic Nutrition Index on the Prognosis in Patients Undergoing PCI.","authors":"Likun Huo, Wenjuan Zhao, Xiang Ji, Kangyin Chen, Tong Liu","doi":"10.3390/nu16183176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation and malnutrition are related to adverse clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether there is a relationship between the PNI (prognostic nutritional index) and RDW (red blood cell distribution width) regarding the impact on the prognosis in patients with CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 5605 consecutive CAD patients undergoing PCI were selected retrospectively. The patients were stratified into four groups according to the PNI [high PNI (H-PNI) and low PNI (L-PNI)] and RDW [high RDW (H-RDW) and low RDW (L-RDW)]. The cutoff values of RDW and PNI were calculated using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality (ACM). The secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), the composite of cardiac death (CD), the recurrence of MI, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stroke. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between the PNI, RDW, and clinical endpoints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 1-year follow-up, 235 (4.19%) patients died. In multivariate regression analysis, the L-PNI/H-RDW group was found to have the highest risk of 1-year ACM [hazard ratio (HR) = 8.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.96-13.15, <i>p</i> = 0.020] with the H-PNI/L-RDW group as a reference, followed by the L-PNI/L-RDW (HR = 3.96, 95% CI: 2.60-6.00, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and H-RDW/H-PNI groups (HR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.99-4.50, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Nomograms were developed to predict the probability of 1-year ACM and MACCEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CAD patients with L-PNI and H-RDW experienced the worst prognosis. The combination of PNI and RDW was a strong predictor of 1-year ACM. The coexistence of PNI and RDW appears to have a synergistic effect, providing further information for the risk stratification of CAD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11434894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The convergence of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic disorders at the pathophysiological level has led to the recognition of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, which represents a significant global health challenge. Polyphenols, a group of phytochemicals, have demonstrated potential health-promoting effects.
Methods: This review highlights the impact of maternal polyphenol supplementation on the CKM health of offspring.
Results: Initially, we summarize the interconnections between polyphenols and each aspect of CKM syndrome. We then discuss in vivo studies that have investigated the use of polyphenols during pregnancy and breastfeeding, focusing on their role in preventing CKM syndrome in offspring. Additionally, we explore the common mechanisms underlying the protective effects of maternal polyphenol supplementation.
Conclusions: Overall, this review underscores the potential of early-life polyphenol interventions in safeguarding against CKM syndrome in offspring. It emphasizes the importance of continued research to advance our understanding and facilitate the clinical translation of these interventions.
{"title":"Maternal Polyphenols and Offspring Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health.","authors":"You-Lin Tain, Chien-Ning Hsu","doi":"10.3390/nu16183168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The convergence of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic disorders at the pathophysiological level has led to the recognition of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, which represents a significant global health challenge. Polyphenols, a group of phytochemicals, have demonstrated potential health-promoting effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review highlights the impact of maternal polyphenol supplementation on the CKM health of offspring.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initially, we summarize the interconnections between polyphenols and each aspect of CKM syndrome. We then discuss in vivo studies that have investigated the use of polyphenols during pregnancy and breastfeeding, focusing on their role in preventing CKM syndrome in offspring. Additionally, we explore the common mechanisms underlying the protective effects of maternal polyphenol supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, this review underscores the potential of early-life polyphenol interventions in safeguarding against CKM syndrome in offspring. It emphasizes the importance of continued research to advance our understanding and facilitate the clinical translation of these interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11434705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Shan Liu, Mei-Chou Lai, Tang-Yao Hong, I-Min Liu
Background: Hispidin, a polyphenol component mainly derived from the medicinal mushroom species Phellinus and Inonotus, shows promise for biomedical applications, yet its potential in wound healing remains largely unexplored. This research investigates the wound healing effects of hispidin through in vitro and in vivo experiments, while also evaluating its antimicrobial properties and safety profile.
Methods: In vitro scratch assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of hispidin on the migration of NIH-3T3 cells. The wound healing potential of hispidin was assessed in rats using excision wounds, dead space wounds, and linear incisions, treated with various topical ointments including a simple ointment, 2.5% (w/w) and a 5% (w/w) hispidin ointment, and a 0.2% (w/w) nitrofurazone ointment, administered at 0.2 g daily for 14 days.
Results: Hispidin demonstrated antimicrobial properties and was particularly effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hispidin enhanced NIH-3T3 cell viability, and promoted wound closure in scratch assays, correlating with increased levels of FGF21, TGF-β1, EGF, and VEGF. In excision wound models, the 5% (w/w) hispidin ointment improved wound contraction, epithelialization, tissue regeneration, fibroblast activity, and angiogenesis. In the granulation tissue from dead space wound models, hispidin reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and lipid peroxidation, while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and antioxidant activities (SOD, GPx, CAT), along with connective tissue markers like hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and hexuronic acid. Hispidin also enhanced wound breaking strength in incision models. Acute dermal toxicity studies indicated no adverse effects at 2000 mg/kg.
Conclusions: These findings highlight hispidin's potential in wound care, demonstrating its antimicrobial, regenerative, and safety properties.
{"title":"Exploring the Wound Healing Potential of Hispidin.","authors":"Yi-Shan Liu, Mei-Chou Lai, Tang-Yao Hong, I-Min Liu","doi":"10.3390/nu16183161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hispidin, a polyphenol component mainly derived from the medicinal mushroom species <i>Phellinus</i> and <i>Inonotus</i>, shows promise for biomedical applications, yet its potential in wound healing remains largely unexplored. This research investigates the wound healing effects of hispidin through in vitro and in vivo experiments, while also evaluating its antimicrobial properties and safety profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vitro scratch assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of hispidin on the migration of NIH-3T3 cells. The wound healing potential of hispidin was assessed in rats using excision wounds, dead space wounds, and linear incisions, treated with various topical ointments including a simple ointment, 2.5% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and a 5% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) hispidin ointment, and a 0.2% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) nitrofurazone ointment, administered at 0.2 g daily for 14 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hispidin demonstrated antimicrobial properties and was particularly effective against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. Hispidin enhanced NIH-3T3 cell viability, and promoted wound closure in scratch assays, correlating with increased levels of FGF21, TGF-β1, EGF, and VEGF. In excision wound models, the 5% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) hispidin ointment improved wound contraction, epithelialization, tissue regeneration, fibroblast activity, and angiogenesis. In the granulation tissue from dead space wound models, hispidin reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and lipid peroxidation, while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and antioxidant activities (SOD, GPx, CAT), along with connective tissue markers like hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and hexuronic acid. Hispidin also enhanced wound breaking strength in incision models. Acute dermal toxicity studies indicated no adverse effects at 2000 mg/kg.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight hispidin's potential in wound care, demonstrating its antimicrobial, regenerative, and safety properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11434842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Nekrasov, Alexandra Adorno Vita, Ryan Bradley, Nikhat Contractor, Nadeesha M Gunaratne, Marissa Kuehn, Rick Kitisin, Deval Patel, Erin Woods, Bo Zhou
A recent review proposed a role for multi-functional food or supplement products in priming the gut to support both digestive and systemic health. Accordingly, we designed and eva-luated the effect of a multi-functional gastrointestinal (GI) primer supplement on participant-reported measures for digestive health, quality-of-life (e.g., energy/vitality and general health), and reasons for satiation (e.g., attitudes towards food and eating). In this single-arm clinical trial, 68 participants with mild digestive symptoms consumed the GI primer supplement daily for 14 days. Digestive symptoms were evaluated daily from baseline (Day 0) through Day 14. At baseline and Day 14, participants reported their stool consistency, reasons for satiation, and quality-of-life measures using validated questionnaires. At Day 14, participants reported significant improvements in all (13/13) digestive symptom parameters (p-values < 0.05) and an increase in % of stools with normal consistencies. There were significant improvements (p-values < 0.05) in energy/vitality and general health, and in specific attitudes towards food and eating (e.g., physical satisfaction, planned amount, decreased eating priority, decreased food appeal, and self-consciousness). Results suggest the GI primer supplement promotes digestive health, improves quality of life, and impacts attitudes towards food/eating. This study provides preliminary support for the gut priming hypothesis through which multi-functional digestive products may improve GI health.
最近的一篇综述提出,多功能食品或补充剂产品在启动肠道以支持消化系统和全身健康方面发挥作用。因此,我们设计并验证了多功能胃肠道(GI)底物补充剂对参与者报告的消化系统健康、生活质量(如能量/活力和总体健康)和饱腹感(如对食物和饮食的态度)的影响。在这项单臂临床试验中,68 名有轻微消化道症状的参与者每天服用 GI primer 补充剂,为期 14 天。从基线(第 0 天)到第 14 天,每天都对消化道症状进行评估。在基线和第 14 天,参与者使用有效问卷报告他们的大便稠度、饱腹原因和生活质量。在第 14 天,参与者报告的所有(13/13)消化道症状参数均有明显改善(p 值小于 0.05),大便稠度正常的百分比也有所提高。能量/活力和总体健康状况,以及对食物和饮食的具体态度(如身体满意度、计划量、饮食优先级下降、食物吸引力下降和自我意识)均有明显改善(p 值小于 0.05)。结果表明,GI primer 补充剂可促进消化系统健康、提高生活质量并影响对食物/饮食的态度。这项研究为肠道引物假说提供了初步支持,通过这一假说,多功能消化产品可改善肠道健康。
{"title":"Changes in Digestive Health, Satiety and Overall Well-Being after 14 Days of a Multi-Functional GI Primer Supplement.","authors":"Elena Nekrasov, Alexandra Adorno Vita, Ryan Bradley, Nikhat Contractor, Nadeesha M Gunaratne, Marissa Kuehn, Rick Kitisin, Deval Patel, Erin Woods, Bo Zhou","doi":"10.3390/nu16183173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent review proposed a role for multi-functional food or supplement products in priming the gut to support both digestive and systemic health. Accordingly, we designed and eva-luated the effect of a multi-functional gastrointestinal (GI) primer supplement on participant-reported measures for digestive health, quality-of-life (e.g., energy/vitality and general health), and reasons for satiation (e.g., attitudes towards food and eating). In this single-arm clinical trial, 68 participants with mild digestive symptoms consumed the GI primer supplement daily for 14 days. Digestive symptoms were evaluated daily from baseline (Day 0) through Day 14. At baseline and Day 14, participants reported their stool consistency, reasons for satiation, and quality-of-life measures using validated questionnaires. At Day 14, participants reported significant improvements in all (13/13) digestive symptom parameters (<i>p</i>-values < 0.05) and an increase in % of stools with normal consistencies. There were significant improvements (<i>p</i>-values < 0.05) in energy/vitality and general health, and in specific attitudes towards food and eating (e.g., physical satisfaction, planned amount, decreased eating priority, decreased food appeal, and self-consciousness). Results suggest the GI primer supplement promotes digestive health, improves quality of life, and impacts attitudes towards food/eating. This study provides preliminary support for the gut priming hypothesis through which multi-functional digestive products may improve GI health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11434699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agnes Denise de Lima Bezerra, Jarson Pedro da Costa Pereira, Ingryd Fernandes de Macedo Soares, Glaucia Mardrini Cassiano Ferreira, Ana Lúcia Miranda, Galtieri Otávio Cunha de Medeiros, Sara Maria Moreira Lima Verde, Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
Background/Objectives: Increasing evidence indicates that body composition can significantly influence prognosis in women with breast cancer. However, alterations in body composition, particularly among young women (<40 years), remain largely unknown and underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition with mortality rates among young women recently diagnosed with breast cancer, identifying the best-correlated cutoff value. Methods: This is a bi-set cohort study with retrospective data collection. Women newly diagnosed with ductal invasive breast cancer, aged 20 to 40 years, treated in reference oncology units were included. Body composition was assessed using CT scans at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level, including muscle and adipose compartments. The outcome of interest was the incidence of overall mortality. A maximally selected log-rank Cox-derived analysis was employed to assess the cutoffs associated with mortality. Results: A total of 192 women were included before any form of treatment (median age of 35 years, IQ range: 31-37). Overall mortality occurred in 12% of the females. Stages III-IV were the most frequent (69.5%). Patients who died had a significantly lower muscle area index. CT-derived muscle area was inversely associated with mortality. Each 1 cm2/m2 decrease in skeletal muscle index increased the mortality hazard by 9%. Higher values of adiposity compartments were independently associated with higher mortality. Conclusions: Our study highlights the predictive significance of skeletal muscle area and adipose tissue in predicting survival among young women recently diagnosed with breast cancer.
{"title":"Influence of Body Composition Assessed by Computed Tomography on Mortality Risk in Young Women with Breast Cancer.","authors":"Agnes Denise de Lima Bezerra, Jarson Pedro da Costa Pereira, Ingryd Fernandes de Macedo Soares, Glaucia Mardrini Cassiano Ferreira, Ana Lúcia Miranda, Galtieri Otávio Cunha de Medeiros, Sara Maria Moreira Lima Verde, Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh","doi":"10.3390/nu16183175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>/<b>Objectives:</b> Increasing evidence indicates that body composition can significantly influence prognosis in women with breast cancer. However, alterations in body composition, particularly among young women (<40 years), remain largely unknown and underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition with mortality rates among young women recently diagnosed with breast cancer, identifying the best-correlated cutoff value. <b>Methods:</b> This is a bi-set cohort study with retrospective data collection. Women newly diagnosed with ductal invasive breast cancer, aged 20 to 40 years, treated in reference oncology units were included. Body composition was assessed using CT scans at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level, including muscle and adipose compartments. The outcome of interest was the incidence of overall mortality. A maximally selected log-rank Cox-derived analysis was employed to assess the cutoffs associated with mortality. <b>Results:</b> A total of 192 women were included before any form of treatment (median age of 35 years, IQ range: 31-37). Overall mortality occurred in 12% of the females. Stages III-IV were the most frequent (69.5%). Patients who died had a significantly lower muscle area index. CT-derived muscle area was inversely associated with mortality. Each 1 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> decrease in skeletal muscle index increased the mortality hazard by 9%. Higher values of adiposity compartments were independently associated with higher mortality. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study highlights the predictive significance of skeletal muscle area and adipose tissue in predicting survival among young women recently diagnosed with breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaa Hasanain Felemban, Ghedeir M Alshammari, Abu ElGasim Ahmed Yagoub, Ali Saleh, Mohammed Abdo Yahya
Background/Objective: This study examined the anti-obesity effect of royal jelly (RJ) in rats fed with a high-fat diet by targeting the major pathways involved in adipogenesis and lipolysis. In addition, it examined whether this effect is AMPK-dependent. Methods: Five groups of adult male albino rats were used (n = 6 each as 1); the control rats were fed with a normal diet (2.9 kcal), and the other groups were as follows: control + RJ (300 mg/kg), HFD (4.75 kcal), HFD + RJ (300 mg/kg), and HFD + RJ (300 mg/kg) + dorsomorphin (an AMPK inhibitor) (0.2 mg/kg). Results: RJ was administered orally to all rats. With no changes in food and energy intake, RJ significantly reduced gains in body weight, fat weight, body mass index (BMI), the Lee index, abdominal circumference (AC), and the adiposity index (AI). It also reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and the circulatory levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL-c in the HFD-fed rats. RJ also increased serum glycerol levels and adiponectin levels, but reduced the serum levels of leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, RJ reduced the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α from isolated WAT. At the tissue level, the HFD + RJ rats exhibited a smaller adipocyte size compared to the HFD rats. At the molecular level, RJ increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, SREBP1, and ACC-1 and increased the mRNA and protein levels of HSL and ATG in the WAT of the HFD rats. In concomitance, RJ increased the mRNA levels of PGC-α1, reduced the protein levels of PPARγ, and repressed the transcriptional activities of PPARγ, SREBP1, and C/EBPαβ in the WAT of these rats. All the aforementioned effects of RJ were prevented by co-treatment with dorsomorphin. Conclusions: RJ exerts a potent anti-obesity effect in rats that is mediated by the AMPk-dependent suppression of WAT adipogenesis and the stimulation of lipolysis.
{"title":"Royal Jelly Exerts a Potent Anti-Obesity Effect in Rats by Activating Lipolysis and Suppressing Adipogenesis.","authors":"Alaa Hasanain Felemban, Ghedeir M Alshammari, Abu ElGasim Ahmed Yagoub, Ali Saleh, Mohammed Abdo Yahya","doi":"10.3390/nu16183174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objective:</b> This study examined the anti-obesity effect of royal jelly (RJ) in rats fed with a high-fat diet by targeting the major pathways involved in adipogenesis and lipolysis. In addition, it examined whether this effect is AMPK-dependent. <b>Methods:</b> Five groups of adult male albino rats were used (<i>n</i> = 6 each as 1); the control rats were fed with a normal diet (2.9 kcal), and the other groups were as follows: control + RJ (300 mg/kg), HFD (4.75 kcal), HFD + RJ (300 mg/kg), and HFD + RJ (300 mg/kg) + dorsomorphin (an AMPK inhibitor) (0.2 mg/kg). <b>Results:</b> RJ was administered orally to all rats. With no changes in food and energy intake, RJ significantly reduced gains in body weight, fat weight, body mass index (BMI), the Lee index, abdominal circumference (AC), and the adiposity index (AI). It also reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and the circulatory levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL-c in the HFD-fed rats. RJ also increased serum glycerol levels and adiponectin levels, but reduced the serum levels of leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, RJ reduced the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α from isolated WAT. At the tissue level, the HFD + RJ rats exhibited a smaller adipocyte size compared to the HFD rats. At the molecular level, RJ increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, SREBP1, and ACC-1 and increased the mRNA and protein levels of HSL and ATG in the WAT of the HFD rats. In concomitance, RJ increased the mRNA levels of PGC-α1, reduced the protein levels of PPARγ, and repressed the transcriptional activities of PPARγ, SREBP1, and C/EBPαβ in the WAT of these rats. All the aforementioned effects of RJ were prevented by co-treatment with dorsomorphin. <b>Conclusions:</b> RJ exerts a potent anti-obesity effect in rats that is mediated by the AMPk-dependent suppression of WAT adipogenesis and the stimulation of lipolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neve H McLean, Bailey R Bruckner, Anne-Louise M Heath, Jillian J Haszard, Lisa Daniels, Cathryn A Conlon, Pamela R von Hurst, Kathryn L Beck, L A Te Morenga, Ridvan Firestone, Jenny McArthur, Rebecca Paul, Alice M Cox, Emily A Jones, Ioanna Katiforis, Kimberley J Brown, Maria Casale, Rosario M Jupiterwala, Madeleine M Rowan, Andrea Wei, Louise J Fangupo, Megan Healey, Veisinia Pulu, Tia Neha, Rachael W Taylor
Objective: Most wet commercial infant foods are now sold in squeezable 'pouches'. While multiple expert groups have expressed concern about their use, it is not known how commonly they are consumed and whether they impact energy intake or body mass index (BMI). The objectives were to describe pouch use, and determine associations with energy intake and BMI, in infants and young children.
Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study of 933 young New Zealand children (6.0 months-3.9 years), pouch use was assessed by a questionnaire ('frequent' use was consuming food from a baby food pouch ≥5 times/week in the past month), usual energy intake using two 24-h recalls, and BMI z-score calculated using World Health Organization standards.
Results: The sample broadly represented the wider population (27.1% high socioeconomic deprivation, 22.5% Māori). Frequent pouch use declined with age (infants 27%, toddlers 16%, preschoolers 8%). Few children were both frequent pouch users and regularly used the nozzle (infants 5%, toddlers 13%, preschoolers 8%). Preschoolers who were frequent pouch users consumed significantly less energy than non-users (-580 kJ [-1094, -67]), but infants (115 [-35, 265]) and toddlers (-206 [-789, 378]) did not appear to have a different energy intake than non-users. There were no statistically significant differences in the BMI z-score by pouch use.
Conclusions: These results do not support the strong concerns expressed about their use, particularly given the lack of evidence for higher energy intake or BMI.
{"title":"Frequent Use of Baby Food Pouches in Infants and Young Children and Associations with Energy Intake and BMI: An Observational Study.","authors":"Neve H McLean, Bailey R Bruckner, Anne-Louise M Heath, Jillian J Haszard, Lisa Daniels, Cathryn A Conlon, Pamela R von Hurst, Kathryn L Beck, L A Te Morenga, Ridvan Firestone, Jenny McArthur, Rebecca Paul, Alice M Cox, Emily A Jones, Ioanna Katiforis, Kimberley J Brown, Maria Casale, Rosario M Jupiterwala, Madeleine M Rowan, Andrea Wei, Louise J Fangupo, Megan Healey, Veisinia Pulu, Tia Neha, Rachael W Taylor","doi":"10.3390/nu16183165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Most wet commercial infant foods are now sold in squeezable 'pouches'. While multiple expert groups have expressed concern about their use, it is not known how commonly they are consumed and whether they impact energy intake or body mass index (BMI). The objectives were to describe pouch use, and determine associations with energy intake and BMI, in infants and young children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational cross-sectional study of 933 young New Zealand children (6.0 months-3.9 years), pouch use was assessed by a questionnaire ('frequent' use was consuming food from a baby food pouch ≥5 times/week in the past month), usual energy intake using two 24-h recalls, and BMI z-score calculated using World Health Organization standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample broadly represented the wider population (27.1% high socioeconomic deprivation, 22.5% Māori). Frequent pouch use declined with age (infants 27%, toddlers 16%, preschoolers 8%). Few children were both frequent pouch users and regularly used the nozzle (infants 5%, toddlers 13%, preschoolers 8%). Preschoolers who were frequent pouch users consumed significantly less energy than non-users (-580 kJ [-1094, -67]), but infants (115 [-35, 265]) and toddlers (-206 [-789, 378]) did not appear to have a different energy intake than non-users. There were no statistically significant differences in the BMI z-score by pouch use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results do not support the strong concerns expressed about their use, particularly given the lack of evidence for higher energy intake or BMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lillie Monroe-Lord, Azam Ardakani, Phronie Jackson, Elmira Asongwed, Xuejing Duan, Amy Schweitzer, Tia Jeffery, Tiffany Johnson-Largent, Elgloria Harrison
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the quality and quantity of people's food consumption.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the dietary shifts among different racial groups resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on changes in consumption across various food categories.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 10,050 urban residents aged 40-100 years across the United States. Dietary patterns among African American, Asian, Hispanic, and White populations were assessed before and since the pandemic (retrospective condition) using the Dietary Screening Tool (DST). The DST investigates consumption trends in food groups aligned with the MyPlate guidelines, plus fat, sugar, and sweet (FSS) intake and processed meats.
Results: This study found significant shifts in food consumption patterns among racial groups since COVID-19. The data indicate that African American individuals largely reduced their consumption of several food groups compared to White individuals, with a 43% decrease in processed meats, 42% in dairy, 36% in lean protein, 21% in fruit, 17% in grains, and 15% in FSS, although their vegetable consumption did not significantly decrease. African American individuals also consumed 66% less processed meat, 57% less dairy, and 30% less lean protein in comparison to Asian individuals. Hispanic individuals also showed a tendency to reduce their consumption more than White individuals, with a 34% decrease in dairy, 28% in vegetables, and 24% in fruit. In contrast, Asian individuals consumed 37% less FSS and 34% less grains than White individuals. Additionally, when compared to Asian individuals, Hispanic individuals consumed 49% less dairy and 47% less processed meat. The findings also revealed that African American individuals were the most nutritionally vulnerable group since the pandemic. Specifically, they were 38% and 35% more likely to be considered at nutritional risk than Asians and White participants, respectively.
Conclusions: These findings illuminate the considerable dietary shifts induced by the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasize the critical need to address the racial disparities in nutritional vulnerability and public health policy.
{"title":"Dietary Shifts since COVID-19: A Study of Racial Differences.","authors":"Lillie Monroe-Lord, Azam Ardakani, Phronie Jackson, Elmira Asongwed, Xuejing Duan, Amy Schweitzer, Tia Jeffery, Tiffany Johnson-Largent, Elgloria Harrison","doi":"10.3390/nu16183164","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu16183164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the quality and quantity of people's food consumption.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the dietary shifts among different racial groups resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on changes in consumption across various food categories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included a sample of 10,050 urban residents aged 40-100 years across the United States. Dietary patterns among African American, Asian, Hispanic, and White populations were assessed before and since the pandemic (retrospective condition) using the Dietary Screening Tool (DST). The DST investigates consumption trends in food groups aligned with the MyPlate guidelines, plus fat, sugar, and sweet (FSS) intake and processed meats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found significant shifts in food consumption patterns among racial groups since COVID-19. The data indicate that African American individuals largely reduced their consumption of several food groups compared to White individuals, with a 43% decrease in processed meats, 42% in dairy, 36% in lean protein, 21% in fruit, 17% in grains, and 15% in FSS, although their vegetable consumption did not significantly decrease. African American individuals also consumed 66% less processed meat, 57% less dairy, and 30% less lean protein in comparison to Asian individuals. Hispanic individuals also showed a tendency to reduce their consumption more than White individuals, with a 34% decrease in dairy, 28% in vegetables, and 24% in fruit. In contrast, Asian individuals consumed 37% less FSS and 34% less grains than White individuals. Additionally, when compared to Asian individuals, Hispanic individuals consumed 49% less dairy and 47% less processed meat. The findings also revealed that African American individuals were the most nutritionally vulnerable group since the pandemic. Specifically, they were 38% and 35% more likely to be considered at nutritional risk than Asians and White participants, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings illuminate the considerable dietary shifts induced by the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasize the critical need to address the racial disparities in nutritional vulnerability and public health policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}