Nutrients最新文献

Background/Objectives: Colostrum Bovinum (COL) is recognized for its unique composition and potential ergogenic and immunological benefits. Unlike mature milk, COL is rich in immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and various growth factors, making it one of the most potent natural immune stimulants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 12-weeks of COL supplementation on swimming-specific performance (SSP) and exercise adaptations in endurance-trained male athletes. Methods: Twenty-eight male triathletes and swimmers (age: 31.1 ± 10.2 years; body mass: 81.9 ± 9.0 kg; height: 1.82 ± 0.06 m) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled crossover study and received 25 g∙day^-1 of COL or PLA for 12 weeks. The study assessed the effects of COL on SSP (8 × 100 m performed at various intensities) and exercise adaptations [heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentrations ([La^-])]. Four main study visits were conducted-before and after COL (COL_PRE and COL_POST) and PLA (PLA_PRE and PLA_POST) supplementation. Results: COL had no significant effect on SSP. Still, the total time of the SSP test was about ~3.04 s shorter after COL supplementation, and ~7.13 s longer after PLA supplementation. Neither COL nor PLA supplementation affected HR during the SSP test. Post-exercise blood [La^-] was significantly reduced after both COL and PLA supplementation. The analysis of SSP results in the consecutive study visits revealed possible existence of the practice effect. Conclusions: Colostrum Bovinum and high-quality milk protein (PLA) seem to be comparably effective in evoking exercise adaptation in endurance-trained male athletes. Long-term crossover supplementation protocols in athletes must consider the impact of possible practice effect when interpreting the outcomes related to exercise performance, but not biochemical or physiological markers of exercise adaptation.

Background/objectives: As a hyperaccumulator of selenium (Se), Cardamine violifolia (Cv) and its peptide extract could ameliorate the negative effects of a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the effects of the coaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) in Se-enriched Cv (Cv2) and the potential confounding effect on the roles of enriched Se remain unknown. We aimed to investigate whether Cv2 could alleviate HFD-induced lipid disorder and liver damage.

Methods: Three groups of 31-week-old female mice were fed for 41 weeks (n = 10-12) with a control Cv-supplemented diet (Cv1D, 0.15 mg Se/kg, 30 µg Cd/kg, and 10% fat calories), a control Cv-supplemented HFD (Cv1HFD, 45% fat calories), and a Cv2-supplemented HFD (Cv2HFD, 1.5 mg Se/kg, 0.29 mg Cd/kg, and 45% fat calories). Liver and serum were collected to determine the element concentrations, markers of liver injury and lipid disorder, and mRNA and/or protein expression of lipid metabolism factors, heavy metal detoxification factors, and selenoproteins.

Results: Both Cv1HFD and Cv2HFD induced obesity, and Cv2HFD downregulated Selenoi and upregulated Dio3 compared with Cv1D. When comparing Cv2HFD against Cv1HFD, Cv2 increased the liver Se and Cd, the protein abundance of Selenoh, and the mRNA abundance of 10 selenoproteins; reduced the serum TG, TC, and AST; reduced the liver TG, lipid droplets, malondialdehyde, and mRNA abundance of Mtf1 and Mt2; and differentially regulated the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism factors.

Conclusions: Cv2 alleviated HFD-induced lipid dysregulation and liver damage, which was probably associated with its unique Se speciation. However, further research is needed to explore the interaction of plant-coenriched Se and Cd and its effects on health.

Hen's egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies in the Western world, with an increase in recent years. It affects about 9.5% of the pediatric population, and the onset most often occurs before the first year of life. The occurrence of spontaneous oral tolerance acquisition varies among studies, but it is generally high by school age. Nowadays, allergen immunotherapy may represent the only therapeutic strategy able to modify the natural history of hen's egg allergy. Specifically, many children with hen's egg allergy may tolerate baked eggs. Food processing, specifically high temperatures, alters the allergenicity of hen's egg proteins by causing conformational changes in allergen epitopes, which makes them less allergenic. This review aims to discuss the scientific evidence in the field of baked egg oral immunotherapy in hen's egg-allergic children, with a meticulous examination of the pertinent literature surrounding the subject matter.

Objective: To explore the correlation between different types of vegetable and fruit intake and cognitive function among the older adults in Chongqing, China, and to provide a scientific basis for developing efficient lifestyle interventions for the prevention of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

Method: Approximately 728 older adults in urban and rural areas of Chongqing were surveyed using face-to-face questionnaires. Cognitive function was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) scale, and the vegetable and fruit intake groups were investigated with the Simple Food Frequency Counting Survey Scale. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the effect of the vegetable and fruit intake group on cognitive function. Subgroup analysis was used to demonstrate the robustness of the results.

Result: Of the 728 participants in the study, 36.40% were likely to have MCI, which is higher than the national average for this condition. After adjusting for confounders, compared to the Q1 group, fruit and root vegetable intake was a protective factor for MCI, showing a dose-response relationship (p < 0.05). Only lower intake (Q2) of total vegetables, medium intake (Q2, Q3) of solanaceous vegetables, and medium-high intake (Q2, Q4) of fungi and algae was protective against MCI, whereas the leafy vegetables showed no relation to MCI. Apart from this, participants who were older, female, unmarried, non-smoking, and engaged in physical labor, and who had an average monthly income of less than 3000 RMB were more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment.

Conclusion: This suggested that the fruit-intake groups and some vegetable-intake groups showed a protective effect on cognitive function, and might behave differently depending on their different intake and demographic characteristics. A sensible, healthy diet can help prevent MCI.

Background and objectives: Although a reasonable diet is essential for promoting human health, precise nutritional regulation presents a challenge for different physiological conditions. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits, and diarrheal IBS (IBS-D) is the most common, seriously affecting patients' quality of life. Therefore, the implementation of precise nutritional interventions for IBS-D has become an urgent challenge in the fields of nutrition and food science. IBS-D intestinal homeostatic imbalance involves intestinal flora disorganization and impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function. A familiar interaction is evident between intestinal flora and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), which together maintain intestinal homeostasis and health. Dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, have been shown to regulate gut flora, which in turn improves the body's health by influencing the immune system, the hormonal system, and other metabolic pathways.

Methods: This review summarized the relationship between intestinal flora, IECs, and IBS-D. It analyzed the mechanism behind IBS-D intestinal homeostatic imbalance by examining the interactions between intestinal flora and IECs, and proposed a precise dietary nutrient intervention strategy.

Results and conclusion: This increases the understanding of the IBS-D-targeted regulation pathways and provides guidance for designing related nutritional intervention strategies.

Objective: In the current debate surrounding the biopsy-free diagnosis of CeD, it is crucial to identify factors influencing the accuracy of results. This study investigated the impact of total IgA on the non-invasive diagnosis of celiac disease (CeD).

Methods: We retrospectively assessed total IgA titers' influence on the diagnostic accuracy of different tTG-IgA thresholds compared to the upper reference value (UNL).

Results: Of 165 included patients, tTG-IgA values at 10× UNL and 6× UNL showed specificity of 82.6% and 73.9% and sensitivity of 49.3% and 69.0%, respectively, in predicting intestinal villous atrophy (Marsh 3). In 130 patients, total IgA levels were known at baseline. These patients were divided into three tertiles according to total IgA, i.e., patients with lower, intermediate, or higher total IgA within the population. For patients with total IgA ≥ 245 mg/dL, using a tTG-IgA cutoff of 6× UNL instead of 10× UNL resulted in decreased specificity from 71.4% to 42.8% and increased sensitivity from 67.6% to 81.1%. For patients with total IgA < 174 mg/dL and between 174 mg/dL and 245 mg/dL, using a tTG-IgA cutoff of 6× UNL instead of 10× UNL maintained specificity (75.0% and 85.7%, respectively) with increased sensitivity (from 46.2% to 64.1% and from 36.1% to 52.8%, respectively).

Conclusions: In conclusion, total IgA influences the diagnostic accuracy of a predetermined tTG-IgA cutoff. Greater consideration should be given to total IgA, beyond its deficiency, in evaluating the applicability and accuracy of non-invasive CeD diagnosis.

Background/objective: We investigated the relationship between daily adequate FV intake and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortalities among Malaysian adults.

Methods: Data from a total of 18,211 Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above whom participated in the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 were analyzed. The participants were followed up for approximately 11 years, and mortality data were ascertained through record linkages with the death registry from the Malaysian National Registration Department. Multiple Cox regression was applied to assess the association between daily adequate FV intake and risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortalities, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health conditions.

Results: During the follow-up period, we observed a total of 1809 all-cause, 374 CVD, and 216 cancer mortalities. No significant association between daily adequate FV intake with all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI: 0.79-1.31), CVD mortality (aHR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.57-1.47), and cancer mortality (aHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.74-2.17) were observed, even after excluding deaths that occurred in the first two years of observation.

Conclusions: Further investigation on the type of FV intake and its preparation method with risk of mortality will provide a holistic insight into the causal relationship between FV intake and mortality.

Background/Objective: Ingestion of dietary fiber can influence in the remission of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). There are no current recommendations for fiber intake in UC; therefore, we evaluate the association between dietary fiber and the activity of the disease. Methods: Ours is a cross-sectional study in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of UC to whom a 24 h recall was applied; this allowed for the estimation and classification of type of dietary fiber. The patients were divided into two groups: (1) remission and (2) active UC. We analyzed the quantity and type of fiber with the grades of disease activity through Spearman correlation and logistic regression. Results: A total of 152 patients were included; it was found that those with clinically active UC consumed less total fiber (p = 0.016) and insoluble fiber (p = 0.018). Meanwhile, in endoscopic grade, the difference was for insoluble fiber (p = 0.038). Insoluble fiber had an inversely significant correlation with fecal calprotectin levels (r = -0.204; p = 0.018). Logistic regression showed that less than 11 g of insoluble fiber was a risk factor for clinical activity (OR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.107-5.019; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Consumption below the current recommendation of total and insoluble dietary fiber is associated with clinical activity of UC.

Background/objectives: Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is an emerging behavioral pattern characterized by an obsessive focus on healthy eating. Despite its prevalence, ON lacks formal diagnostic criteria in major classification systems like the DSM-5 and the ICD-10. This study aims to investigate the impact of socio-cultural attitudes towards body image and the role of social media on the risk of ON among female football players from Poland, Turkey, and India. This study hypothesizes that socio-cultural pressures and media usage significantly influence the risk of developing ON, particularly in cultures more exposed to Western beauty ideals.

Methods: The study was conducted from May to August 2024, employing the Computer-Assisted Web Interview method. A total of 142 female football players aged 16-36 from Poland, Turkey, and India participated. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included demographic information and health metrics, the Socio-Cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire, and the Duesseldorf Orthorexia Scale. Statistical analyses included an ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results: The study found that nearly half of the participants were at risk of or presented with ON, with the highest prevalence being among Indian athletes. Statistically significant relationships were observed between the risk of ON and factors such as age, dietary exclusions, social media usage, and sources of nutritional information. However, no significant correlation was found between socio-cultural attitudes and the risk of ON, suggesting that other factors may play a more critical role.

Conclusions: While socio-cultural pressures and media use are contributing factors to the risk of ON, psychological factors and individual behaviors appear to be equally, if not more, significant. This study highlights the importance of targeted educational programs and psychological support for young athletes, with a focus on promoting healthy dietary practices and positive body image perceptions across varying cultural contexts. Additionally, the results suggest the need for further research into the specific psychological and behavioral mechanisms underlying ON.

Background: Celiac disease is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten, affecting approximately 1% of the global population and two million Americans. An increasing number of studies have identified a link between celiac disease and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy and after birth. Additionally, both celiac disease and pregnancy are associated with an increased risk for nutrient deficiencies, specifically vitamin B12 and folate. Methods: This review examines the current literature related to the folate trap and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with celiac disease and pregnant women independently and provides rationale for future research to explore the relationship between the folate-to-12 ratio in pregnant women with celiac disease. Results: Deficiencies in vitamin B12 are linked with several negative maternal and fetal health outcomes including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, spontaneous abortion/miscarriage, preterm birth, neural tube defects, intrauterine growth restriction, and low gestational age and birthweight. Conclusions: Folic acid supplementation is widely recommended during pregnancy, but complementary vitamin B12 supplementation is not standard. Physicians should consider celiac disease screening during pregnancy as well as vitamin B12 supplementation.