Gut microbiota and lipids: impact on human health The human intestine harbours a complex and diverse bacterial community called the gut microbiota. This microbiota, stable during the lifetime, is specific of each individual despite the existence of a phylogenetic core shared by the majority of adults. The influence of the gut microbiota on host's physiology has been largely studied using germfree animals and recently it has been proposed that the gut microbiota affects nutrient acquisition, energy regulation and fat storage. Indeed, germfree animals are resistant to diet induced obesity and display low levels of blood and liver lipids. In humans, several grams of lipids reach the colon each day. These lipids have an impact on the gut microbiota composition characterized by an increase of the Firmicutes/ Bacteroides ratio. Concurrently, the gut microbiota is able to convert lipids, including fatty acids or cholesterol, leading to the production of metabolites with potential health effects.
{"title":"Microbiote intestinal et lipides : impact sur la santé humaine","authors":"P. Gérard","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0458","url":null,"abstract":"Gut microbiota and lipids: impact on human health The human intestine harbours a complex and diverse bacterial community called the gut microbiota. This microbiota, stable during the lifetime, is specific of each individual despite the existence of a phylogenetic core shared by the majority of adults. The influence of the gut microbiota on host's physiology has been largely studied using germfree animals and recently it has been proposed that the gut microbiota affects nutrient acquisition, energy regulation and fat storage. Indeed, germfree animals are resistant to diet induced obesity and display low levels of blood and liver lipids. In humans, several grams of lipids reach the colon each day. These lipids have an impact on the gut microbiota composition characterized by an increase of the Firmicutes/ Bacteroides ratio. Concurrently, the gut microbiota is able to convert lipids, including fatty acids or cholesterol, leading to the production of metabolites with potential health effects.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"57 1","pages":"223-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89516499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"À propos du GLN, Groupe Lipides Nutrition","authors":"M. Saillard","doi":"10.1051/ocl.2012.0464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2012.0464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"51 1","pages":"193-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81808883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Harbeby, F. Pifferi, M. Jouin, H. Pélerin, S. Tremblay, R. Lecomte, S. Cunnane, A. Huertas, J. Alessandri, P. Guesnet
The content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in brain membranes is of crucial importance for the optimum development of brain functions. A lack of DHA accretion in the brain is accompanied by deficits in learning behavior linked to impairments in neurotransmission processes, which might result from alteration of brain fuel supply and hence energy metabolism. Experimental data we published support the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acids may modulate brain glucose utilization and metabolism. Indeed rats made deficient in DHA by severe depletion of total n-3 fatty acid intake have 1) a lower brain glucose utilization, 2) a decrease of the glucose transporter protein content GLUT1 both in endothelial cells and in astrocytes, 3) a repression of GLUT1 gene expression in basal state as well as upon neuronal activation. This could be due to the specific action of DHA on the regulation of GLUT1 expression since rat brain endothelial cells cultured with physiological doses of DHA had an increased GLUT1 protein content and glucose transport when compared to non-supplemented cells. These experimental data highlight the impact of n-3 fatty acids on the use of brain glucose, thereby constituting a key factor in the control of synaptic activity. This emerging role suggests that dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids can help to reduce the cognitive deficits in the elderly and possibly symptomatic cerebral metabolic alterations in Alzheimer disease by promoting brain glucose metabolism.
{"title":"N-3 fatty acids, neuronal activity and energy metabolism in the brain","authors":"E. Harbeby, F. Pifferi, M. Jouin, H. Pélerin, S. Tremblay, R. Lecomte, S. Cunnane, A. Huertas, J. Alessandri, P. Guesnet","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0459","url":null,"abstract":"The content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in brain membranes is of crucial importance for the optimum development of brain functions. A lack of DHA accretion in the brain is accompanied by deficits in learning behavior linked to impairments in neurotransmission processes, which might result from alteration of brain fuel supply and hence energy metabolism. Experimental data we published support the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acids may modulate brain glucose utilization and metabolism. Indeed rats made deficient in DHA by severe depletion of total n-3 fatty acid intake have 1) a lower brain glucose utilization, 2) a decrease of the glucose transporter protein content GLUT1 both in endothelial cells and in astrocytes, 3) a repression of GLUT1 gene expression in basal state as well as upon neuronal activation. This could be due to the specific action of DHA on the regulation of GLUT1 expression since rat brain endothelial cells cultured with physiological doses of DHA had an increased GLUT1 protein content and glucose transport when compared to non-supplemented cells. These experimental data highlight the impact of n-3 fatty acids on the use of brain glucose, thereby constituting a key factor in the control of synaptic activity. This emerging role suggests that dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids can help to reduce the cognitive deficits in the elderly and possibly symptomatic cerebral metabolic alterations in Alzheimer disease by promoting brain glucose metabolism.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"50 1","pages":"238-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79108713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Familial hypocholesterolemia, namely abetalipoproteinemia, hypobetalipoproteinemia and chylomicron retention disease (CRD), are rare genetic diseases that cause intestinal lipid malabsorption. They provide a model to study the consequences of chronic hypocholesterolemia: protection against cardiovascular disease, increase of fatty liver disease and neurovascular complications. The understanding of their physiopathology provided new approaches to treat hypercholesterolemia.
{"title":"Conséquences métaboliques des malabsorptions lipidiques : apports de l’étude des hypocholestérolémies familiales","authors":"N. Peretti","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0463","url":null,"abstract":"Familial hypocholesterolemia, namely abetalipoproteinemia, hypobetalipoproteinemia and chylomicron retention disease (CRD), are rare genetic diseases that cause intestinal lipid malabsorption. They provide a model to study the consequences of chronic hypocholesterolemia: protection against cardiovascular disease, increase of fatty liver disease and neurovascular complications. The understanding of their physiopathology provided new approaches to treat hypercholesterolemia.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"22 1","pages":"228-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82146290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Approximately fifteen pulpy fruits are widely used as sources of fats. Most of these fruits are provided from plants belong to the family Arecaceae. Fats from pulps surrounding seeds have composition including various unsaponifiable matters often including significant quantities of carotenoids. Others chemical families (e.g. tocopherols) are sometime in interesting contents among unsaponifiable material. Physiological effects and the traditional uses in topical applications of these oils are reported
{"title":"Huiles et beurres de pulpes de fruits : revue des principales sources exploitées, teneurs en insaponifiables, propriétés et usages traditionnels d’intérêt cosmétique","authors":"D. Fontanel","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0442","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately fifteen pulpy fruits are widely used as sources of fats. Most of these fruits are provided from plants belong to the family Arecaceae. Fats from pulps surrounding seeds have composition including various unsaponifiable matters often including significant quantities of carotenoids. Others chemical families (e.g. tocopherols) are sometime in interesting contents among unsaponifiable material. Physiological effects and the traditional uses in topical applications of these oils are reported","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"62 1","pages":"232-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88434325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La fili ere colza moderne s’est historiquement construite sur l’innovation scientifique et technique : la conversion vers des vari et es sans acide erucique, puis a basses teneurs en glucosinolates, la mise au point de la protection de la culture et d’itin eraires techniques coh erents et efficaces, le lancement de la fili ere biodiesel et plus r ecemment le d eveloppement des vari et es hybrides sont a inscrire a la liste des succ es sur lesquels repose la fili ere actuelle. Tous ont et e accomplis ou initi es dans les derni eres d ecennies du XX si ecle, marqu ees par la pr edominance de la demande sociale de biens de consommation en abondance, de qualit e et bon march e et par la recherche de la croissance economique. Si certaines remises en cause du mod ele agricole « productiviste » ont emerg e d es la d ecennie 70, les ann ees 19902000, au fil des crises dans les domaines de la sant e publique et de la qualit e sanitaire de l’alimentation, ont amen e au niveau de la soci et e un nouveau questionnement du progr es scientifique et technique, et une remise en cause de certaines innovations, au rang desquelles il faut compter la transg en ese qui semblait de prime abord tr es prometteuse, notamment pour l’esp ece colza.
油菜的纱上浆的现代历史上构造了:科学和技术创新转变vari es和无硫代葡萄糖苷酸含量,然后a黄石、开发、保护文化和d’itin eraires技术coh erents行之有效,并启动纱上浆的生物柴油及以上d . r ecemment eveloppement vari es和混合均已列入名单a succ es依据山药当今时代。所有这些都是在20世纪后期完成或开始的，其特点是社会对丰富、优质和廉价消费品的需求占主导地位，以及对经济增长的追求。如果有些质疑的mod的农业生产力的«»emerg e d d . ecennie里面了安70、黑河等领域的危机,2000多年来公众sant e e水质和食品卫生安全、soci阿门了e级和e的一个新的查询处理通讯员es .科学和技术,并质疑了一些创新,其中还有transg在ese的tr,乍一看似乎是个大有可为,特别是pes ece油菜。
{"title":"Colza et développement durable","authors":"É. Pilorgé","doi":"10.1051/ocl.2012.0452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2012.0452","url":null,"abstract":"La fili ere colza moderne s’est historiquement construite sur l’innovation scientifique et technique : la conversion vers des vari et es sans acide erucique, puis a basses teneurs en glucosinolates, la mise au point de la protection de la culture et d’itin eraires techniques coh erents et efficaces, le lancement de la fili ere biodiesel et plus r ecemment le d eveloppement des vari et es hybrides sont a inscrire a la liste des succ es sur lesquels repose la fili ere actuelle. Tous ont et e accomplis ou initi es dans les derni eres d ecennies du XX si ecle, marqu ees par la pr edominance de la demande sociale de biens de consommation en abondance, de qualit e et bon march e et par la recherche de la croissance economique. Si certaines remises en cause du mod ele agricole « productiviste » ont emerg e d es la d ecennie 70, les ann ees 19902000, au fil des crises dans les domaines de la sant e publique et de la qualit e sanitaire de l’alimentation, ont amen e au niveau de la soci et e un nouveau questionnement du progr es scientifique et technique, et une remise en cause de certaines innovations, au rang desquelles il faut compter la transg en ese qui semblait de prime abord tr es prometteuse, notamment pour l’esp ece colza.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"21 1","pages":"139-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77803557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives of the study were (1) to evaluate the possibility for the French winter oilseed rape to achieve the 50% greenhouse gas (GHG) saving criteria of the European Directive on the promotion of renewable energy (2009/28/EC), and (2) to investigate mitigation options. The agricultural GHG emissions were calculated with the actual seed yields and cultural operations of more than 5000 winter oilseed rape fields producing seeds collected by 27 grain storage companies (GSC), while the same values of GHG emissions for transport and biodiesel processing were used for all GSC. The study clearly showed that the 50% GHG saving criteria could not be achieved each year, by each of the grain storage company, without improvements of crop management. The possibility to reduce the GHG emissions by improving the efficiency of mineral N fertilization was demonstrated. Improving seed yields without increasing the amount of N application on the fields would also decrease GHG emissions. On the contrary, the application of organic matter appeared to be largely ineffective because of the way N2O emissions were calculated in the study (tier 1 method of International Panel on Climate Change).
{"title":"Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in the French winter oilseed rape in order to produce sustainable biodiesel","authors":"F. Flénet","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0453","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of the study were (1) to evaluate the possibility for the French winter oilseed rape to achieve the 50% greenhouse gas (GHG) saving criteria of the European Directive on the promotion of renewable energy (2009/28/EC), and (2) to investigate mitigation options. The agricultural GHG emissions were calculated with the actual seed yields and cultural operations of more than 5000 winter oilseed rape fields producing seeds collected by 27 grain storage companies (GSC), while the same values of GHG emissions for transport and biodiesel processing were used for all GSC. The study clearly showed that the 50% GHG saving criteria could not be achieved each year, by each of the grain storage company, without improvements of crop management. The possibility to reduce the GHG emissions by improving the efficiency of mineral N fertilization was demonstrated. Improving seed yields without increasing the amount of N application on the fields would also decrease GHG emissions. On the contrary, the application of organic matter appeared to be largely ineffective because of the way N2O emissions were calculated in the study (tier 1 method of International Panel on Climate Change).","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"86 5 1","pages":"164-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91117079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Continuous increases in the use of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides in agro-ecosystems have led to an increase in crop production, but also to a simplification of landscape and a decline in biodiversity at the field, cropping system level. Changes at landscape level, such as regional farm specialisation, increases in field size and the removal of hedgerows and woodlots suppression, have strengthened this tendency towards decline. The loss of biodiversity in agro-ecosystems has increased the need for external inputs, as important functions are no longer provided by beneficial species. This has led to an apparently inevitable reliance on petrochemicals in production systems. However, many scientists are arguing that this reliance on pesticides could be considerably reduced by making better use of biotic interactions. This review explores, in the light of recent studies, possible ways to increase beneficial biotic interactions in agro-ecosystems, and to improve bio control pest management at field and landscape scales. This review also points out the possible integrated cropping system on oilseed rape and concludes on the future research that has to be engaged to achieve the goal of improvement the natural bio-control of pests. For example at field scale, it has been shown that the choice of cultivar, the sowing date and nitrogen fertilisation practices can be manipulated to prevent interactions between pests and crop, in either time or space . We have also highlighted that beneficial biotic interactions may result from appropriate changes to the habitats of beneficial species, mediated by soil management and cover or mixing species utilisation. Finally, changes achieved at landscape scale appear promising. However, these approaches frequently also present drawbacks that may not necessarily be outweighed by the beneficial effects. Endly, we propose the approaches to design integrated crop management systems to reduce the damage of pests. However, major research efforts are required to quantify and to use the effects of management practices and to improve our understanding of the interactions between the different levels.
{"title":"Comment favoriser la régulation biologique des insectes de l’échelle de la parcelle à celle du paysage agricole, pour aboutir à des stratégies de protection intégrée sur le colza d’hiver ?","authors":"M. Valantin-Morison","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0455","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous increases in the use of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides in agro-ecosystems have led to an increase in crop production, but also to a simplification of landscape and a decline in biodiversity at the field, cropping system level. Changes at landscape level, such as regional farm specialisation, increases in field size and the removal of hedgerows and woodlots suppression, have strengthened this tendency towards decline. The loss of biodiversity in agro-ecosystems has increased the need for external inputs, as important functions are no longer provided by beneficial species. This has led to an apparently inevitable reliance on petrochemicals in production systems. However, many scientists are arguing that this reliance on pesticides could be considerably reduced by making better use of biotic interactions. This review explores, in the light of recent studies, possible ways to increase beneficial biotic interactions in agro-ecosystems, and to improve bio control pest management at field and landscape scales. This review also points out the possible integrated cropping system on oilseed rape and concludes on the future research that has to be engaged to achieve the goal of improvement the natural bio-control of pests. For example at field scale, it has been shown that the choice of cultivar, the sowing date and nitrogen fertilisation practices can be manipulated to prevent interactions between pests and crop, in either time or space . We have also highlighted that beneficial biotic interactions may result from appropriate changes to the habitats of beneficial species, mediated by soil management and cover or mixing species utilisation. Finally, changes achieved at landscape scale appear promising. However, these approaches frequently also present drawbacks that may not necessarily be outweighed by the beneficial effects. Endly, we propose the approaches to design integrated crop management systems to reduce the damage of pests. However, major research efforts are required to quantify and to use the effects of management practices and to improve our understanding of the interactions between the different levels.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"30 1","pages":"169-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84655539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2006, Argentina has sanctioned a national law to regulate biofuel production and consumption. Since 2007, soybean actors started producing biodiesel for international market -especially to Europe- and the country quickly became the major biodiesel exporter. In 2010, around twenty processing units started supplying the domestic market. Diesel sold in Argentina contained 5% of biodiesel. The obligation to add 5% of biodiesel to diesel has passed to 7% and the goal is to increase this percentage. The State support and soybean biodiesel competitiveness have been important for biodiesel chain development but some doubts could appear about the kind of actors that could have the benefits.
{"title":"Les biocarburants en Argentine : facteurs et enjeux de la production de biodiesel de soja","authors":"M. Guibert, S. Carrizo","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0451","url":null,"abstract":"In 2006, Argentina has sanctioned a national law to regulate biofuel production and consumption. Since 2007, soybean actors started producing biodiesel for international market -especially to Europe- and the country quickly became the major biodiesel exporter. In 2010, around twenty processing units started supplying the domestic market. Diesel sold in Argentina contained 5% of biodiesel. The obligation to add 5% of biodiesel to diesel has passed to 7% and the goal is to increase this percentage. The State support and soybean biodiesel competitiveness have been important for biodiesel chain development but some doubts could appear about the kind of actors that could have the benefits.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"27 1","pages":"184-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90556243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of sustainability, first developed in forestry, includes ecologic, economic and social aspects. In a number of international agreements almost all countries of the world have committed themselves to a sustainable development. The assessment of sustainability is normally done by using indicators. In the case of rapeseed special attention has to be placed on nitrogen balances and green house gas emission compared with other crops, however, a number of very positive effects of rapeseed occur if the scale of the crop rotation is considered. In recent years politics and administration have also used the term sustainability in the context of agricultural production, but only focussed on very few aspects and thus did not consider the complex system. This led to misconceptions and might cause disadvantages for rapeseed in the future. Based on the example of forestry, such a strong political influence might be avoided if the agricultural sector itself is able to establish assessment and certification systems.
{"title":"Sustainable rapeseed production between science and politics","authors":"O. Christen","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0445","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of sustainability, first developed in forestry, includes ecologic, economic and social aspects. In a number of international agreements almost all countries of the world have committed themselves to a sustainable development. The assessment of sustainability is normally done by using indicators. In the case of rapeseed special attention has to be placed on nitrogen balances and green house gas emission compared with other crops, however, a number of very positive effects of rapeseed occur if the scale of the crop rotation is considered. In recent years politics and administration have also used the term sustainability in the context of agricultural production, but only focussed on very few aspects and thus did not consider the complex system. This led to misconceptions and might cause disadvantages for rapeseed in the future. Based on the example of forestry, such a strong political influence might be avoided if the agricultural sector itself is able to establish assessment and certification systems.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"183 1","pages":"142-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85077623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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