A. Viard, Catherine Hénault, P. Rochette, Peter Kuikman, F. Flenet, P. Cellier
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a greenhouse gas that mainly originates from soils and agricultural activities. International initiatives require that countries calculate national inventories of their N2 O emissions from agricultural soils. Several methodologies can be applied: (i) Tier I Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default approach that only takes into account nitrogen (N) input, (ii) Country-specific methodologies (Tier II and Tier III) that account for regional climatic and land use impacts on N2 O emission factors, and include several sources. Strategies to mitigate N2 O emissions from agricultural soils are based on a rational use of N resource and the stimulation of soil aerobic conditions and biological activity. Management practices to reduce the N2 O emissions should be focused on: (i) Avoiding the soil denitrification process by maximizing soil aeration and reducing their acidity, (ii) Improving N fertilization by reducing free N in soil and optimizing N use efficiency in cropping systems, (iii) Direct actions on the microbial processes by limiting the nitrification process and stimulating the last step of the denitrification process (N2 O reduction to N2 ).
{"title":"Le protoxyde d’azote (N2O), puissant gaz à effet de serre émis par les sols agricoles : méthodes d’inventaire et leviers de réduction","authors":"A. Viard, Catherine Hénault, P. Rochette, Peter Kuikman, F. Flenet, P. Cellier","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2013.0501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2013.0501","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a greenhouse gas that mainly originates from soils and agricultural activities. International initiatives require that countries calculate national inventories of their N2 O emissions from agricultural soils. Several methodologies can be applied: (i) Tier I Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default approach that only takes into account nitrogen (N) input, (ii) Country-specific methodologies (Tier II and Tier III) that account for regional climatic and land use impacts on N2 O emission factors, and include several sources. Strategies to mitigate N2 O emissions from agricultural soils are based on a rational use of N resource and the stimulation of soil aerobic conditions and biological activity. Management practices to reduce the N2 O emissions should be focused on: (i) Avoiding the soil denitrification process by maximizing soil aeration and reducing their acidity, (ii) Improving N fertilization by reducing free N in soil and optimizing N use efficiency in cropping systems, (iii) Direct actions on the microbial processes by limiting the nitrification process and stimulating the last step of the denitrification process (N2 O reduction to N2 ).","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"6 1","pages":"108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87706113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le Groupe Lipides et Nutrition, lors de sa derni ere journ ee annuelle en novembre 2012, a sous un titre g en erique et volontairement tr es large (La place des lipides dans l’alimentation) souhait e mettre en exergue quelques aspects, nouveaux ou renouvel es, des lipides alimentaires qui n’en finissent plus « d’alimenter » et de « nourrir » des d ebats contradictoires quant a leurs rapports avec la sant e. Le lecteur trouvera dans les textes regroup es dans ce num ero d’OCL les contributions des orateurs qui ont particip e a cette r eunion.
脂类与营养小组在2012年11月的最后一个年度活动上，在一个非常广泛的标题下(脂类在饮食中的地位)，希望强调一些新的或可更新的方面，它导致脂类食物多的«»和«»食供电的矛盾d ebats sant e打交道了。至于regroup文本中读者将在这里面矿工ero d’OCL的发言者所作的贡献的r e a这种相关性。
{"title":"La place des lipides dans l’alimentation","authors":"B. Guy-grand","doi":"10.1051/ocl.2013.0503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2013.0503","url":null,"abstract":"Le Groupe Lipides et Nutrition, lors de sa derni ere journ ee annuelle en novembre 2012, a sous un titre g en erique et volontairement tr es large (La place des lipides dans l’alimentation) souhait e mettre en exergue quelques aspects, nouveaux ou renouvel es, des lipides alimentaires qui n’en finissent plus « d’alimenter » et de « nourrir » des d ebats contradictoires quant a leurs rapports avec la sant e. Le lecteur trouvera dans les textes regroup es dans ce num ero d’OCL les contributions des orateurs qui ont particip e a cette r eunion.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"11 1","pages":"69-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85113234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pure monoglycerides (GM-Cs) and glycerol carbonate esters (GCE-Cs) are two families of oleochemical molecules composed of a polar part, glycerol for GM-Cs, glycerol carbonate for GCE-Cs, and a fatty acid lipophilic part.From a chemical point of view, GM-Cs include two free oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl functions and one ester function between the fatty acid and the glycerol parts. GCE-Cs contain two blocked oxygen atoms in the cyclic carbonate backbone and three esters functions: two endocyclic in the five-membered cyclic carbonate function, one exocyclic between the fatty acid and glycerol carbonate parts. At the physico-chemical level, GMCs and GCE-Cs are multifunctional molecules with amphiphilic structures: a common hydrophobic chain to the both families and a polar head, glycerol for GMs and glycerol carbonate for GCE-Cs. Physicochemical properties depend on chain lengths, odd or even carbon numbers on the chain, and glyceryl or cyclocarbonic polar heads.The solvo-surfactant character of GM-Cs and overall GCE-Cs were discussed through the measurements of critical micellar concentration (CMC) or critical aggregation concentration (CAC). These surface active glycerol esters/glycerol carbonate esters were classified following their hydrophilic/hydrophobic character correlated to their chain length (LogPoctanol/water = f(atom carbon number)). Differential scanning calorimetry and optical polarized light microscopy allow us to highlight the selfassembling properties of the glycerol carbonate esters alone and in presence of water. We studied by thermal analysis the polymorphic behaviour of GCE-Cs, and the correlation between their melting points versus the chain lengths.Coupling the self-aggregation and crystallization properties, superhydrophilic surfaces were obtained by formulating GM-Cs and GCE-Cs. An efficient durable water-repellent coating of various metallic and polymeric surfaces was allowed. Such surfaces coated by self-assembled fatty acid esters in a stable coagel state present a novel solution for the water-repellent coating of surfaces.
{"title":"Superhydrophilic surfaces from short and medium chain solvo-surfactants","authors":"R. Valentin, Z. Mouloungui","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0490","url":null,"abstract":"Pure monoglycerides (GM-Cs) and glycerol carbonate esters (GCE-Cs) are two families of oleochemical molecules composed of a polar part, glycerol for GM-Cs, glycerol carbonate for GCE-Cs, and a fatty acid lipophilic part.From a chemical point of view, GM-Cs include two free oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl functions and one ester function between the fatty acid and the glycerol parts. GCE-Cs contain two blocked oxygen atoms in the cyclic carbonate backbone and three esters functions: two endocyclic in the five-membered cyclic carbonate function, one exocyclic between the fatty acid and glycerol carbonate parts. At the physico-chemical level, GMCs and GCE-Cs are multifunctional molecules with amphiphilic structures: a common hydrophobic chain to the both families and a polar head, glycerol for GMs and glycerol carbonate for GCE-Cs. Physicochemical properties depend on chain lengths, odd or even carbon numbers on the chain, and glyceryl or cyclocarbonic polar heads.The solvo-surfactant character of GM-Cs and overall GCE-Cs were discussed through the measurements of critical micellar concentration (CMC) or critical aggregation concentration (CAC). These surface active glycerol esters/glycerol carbonate esters were classified following their hydrophilic/hydrophobic character correlated to their chain length (LogPoctanol/water = f(atom carbon number)). Differential scanning calorimetry and optical polarized light microscopy allow us to highlight the selfassembling properties of the glycerol carbonate esters alone and in presence of water. We studied by thermal analysis the polymorphic behaviour of GCE-Cs, and the correlation between their melting points versus the chain lengths.Coupling the self-aggregation and crystallization properties, superhydrophilic surfaces were obtained by formulating GM-Cs and GCE-Cs. An efficient durable water-repellent coating of various metallic and polymeric surfaces was allowed. Such surfaces coated by self-assembled fatty acid esters in a stable coagel state present a novel solution for the water-repellent coating of surfaces.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"9 1","pages":"33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88051123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industry dependence on external fossil fuel resources, fluctuations in energy and raw materials costs, climate change, environmental regulations, changing consumer attitudes etc. In France, where agriculture and the chemical industry are two pillars of the economy, these harsh realities have prompted the chemical and agro-resources sectors to look to biobased chemistry as a means of diversifying outlets for biomass and chemical sourcing, with the aim of balanced use. French players in this international sector have realised the value of joining forces, pooling skills, knowhow and resources into a single structure to drive forward the development of biobased chemistry. This shared vision and determination resulted in the creation in 2008 of the French biobased chemistry association, Association Chimie du V_eg_etal (ACDV). This initiative, still the first of its kind, brings together within a single federation all those directly involved in biobased chemistry. ACDV’s stated aim: to propose and create industrial, economic and political conditions conducive to the development of this industrial reality, within a context of competitive, responsible and sustainable agricultural and chemical sectors. ACDV acts as a source of creative ideas, presenting national and European bodies with the strategic vision and position of French industrialists as regards the international development and competitiveness of biobased chemistry. A commitment by the French chemicals industry to a target of 15% biobased raw materials by 2017 is one of the key factors underpinning the work of the ACDV.
行业对外部化石燃料资源的依赖，能源和原材料成本的波动，气候变化，环境法规，消费者态度的变化等。在法国，农业和化学工业是经济的两大支柱，这些严酷的现实促使化学和农业资源部门将生物化学作为多样化生物质和化学来源的一种手段，目的是平衡使用。这个国际领域的法国参与者已经意识到联合力量的价值，将技能、知识和资源汇集到一个单一的结构中，以推动生物基化学的发展。基于这一共同的愿景和决心，2008年法国生物基化学协会ACDV (association Chimie du V_eg_etal)成立。这一倡议仍然是同类倡议中的第一个，它将所有直接涉及生物化学的人聚集在一个联盟内。ACDV的既定目标是:在有竞争力、负责任和可持续的农业和化学部门的背景下，提出并创造有利于这一工业现实发展的工业、经济和政治条件。ACDV作为创意的源泉，向国家和欧洲机构展示法国工业家在生物基化学的国际发展和竞争力方面的战略愿景和立场。法国化工行业承诺到2017年生物基原料占比达到15%，这是支撑ACDV工作的关键因素之一。
{"title":"ACDV, Association Chimie du Végétal : une initiative française pour développer la chimie du végétal","authors":"Aurore Friès","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0493","url":null,"abstract":"Industry dependence on external fossil fuel resources, fluctuations in energy and raw materials costs, climate change, environmental regulations, changing consumer attitudes etc. In France, where agriculture and the chemical industry are two pillars of the economy, these harsh realities have prompted the chemical and agro-resources sectors to look to biobased chemistry as a means of diversifying outlets for biomass and chemical sourcing, with the aim of balanced use. French players in this international sector have realised the value of joining forces, pooling skills, knowhow and resources into a single structure to drive forward the development of biobased chemistry. This shared vision and determination resulted in the creation in 2008 of the French biobased chemistry association, Association Chimie du V_eg_etal (ACDV). This initiative, still the first of its kind, brings together within a single federation all those directly involved in biobased chemistry. ACDV’s stated aim: to propose and create industrial, economic and political conditions conducive to the development of this industrial reality, within a context of competitive, responsible and sustainable agricultural and chemical sectors. ACDV acts as a source of creative ideas, presenting national and European bodies with the strategic vision and position of French industrialists as regards the international development and competitiveness of biobased chemistry. A commitment by the French chemicals industry to a target of 15% biobased raw materials by 2017 is one of the key factors underpinning the work of the ACDV.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"17 1","pages":"50-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89044068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On estime que 74 % de la production mondiale lui est consacr ee. Outre les 5 % destin es a l’alimentation animale, il reste donc 21 % de la production mondiale pour les usages industriels non alimentaires. On distingue les applications energ etiques – dont principalement le biodiesel a hauteur de 11 % – des applications en ol eochimie totalisant les 10 % restant de la consommation mondiale en huiles et corps gras.
{"title":"Chimie du végétal et lipochimie (Journées Chevreul 5 & 6 juin 2012)","authors":"Fabrice Turon","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0492","url":null,"abstract":"On estime que 74 % de la production mondiale lui est consacr ee. Outre les 5 % destin es a l’alimentation animale, il reste donc 21 % de la production mondiale pour les usages industriels non alimentaires. On distingue les applications energ etiques – dont principalement le biodiesel a hauteur de 11 % – des applications en ol eochimie totalisant les 10 % restant de la consommation mondiale en huiles et corps gras.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89155888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is an urgent need to renew our agricultural model: 1 billion people still suffer from starvation nowadays, we are running short with fossile resources and climate change is already transforming agriculture throughout the World. Food security is at stake for the decades to come and most of the international decision makers are becoming aware of it, as illustrated by a series of conferences and summits which include: the G20 summit on agriculture in Paris (June 2011) and the Earth Summit which took place in Rio on last June.However, while preparing for those important meetings decision-makers were in need for an accurate and comprehensive information on the latest scientific results. This is the reason why the international commission on sustainable agriculture and climate change was set up in 2011.Made of 13 eminent scientists, this international commission was in charge of identifying which policy changes and actions are needed to help the world achieve food security in the face of climate change. After 15 months of working, the commission issued its final report in March 2012 and this article is aimed at introducing the main conclusions of this report.
{"title":"Assurer la sécurité alimentaire dans un contexte de changement climatique : un défi collectif","authors":"M. Guillou","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0471","url":null,"abstract":"There is an urgent need to renew our agricultural model: 1 billion people still suffer from starvation nowadays, we are running short with fossile resources and climate change is already transforming agriculture throughout the World. Food security is at stake for the decades to come and most of the international decision makers are becoming aware of it, as illustrated by a series of conferences and summits which include: the G20 summit on agriculture in Paris (June 2011) and the Earth Summit which took place in Rio on last June.However, while preparing for those important meetings decision-makers were in need for an accurate and comprehensive information on the latest scientific results. This is the reason why the international commission on sustainable agriculture and climate change was set up in 2011.Made of 13 eminent scientists, this international commission was in charge of identifying which policy changes and actions are needed to help the world achieve food security in the face of climate change. After 15 months of working, the commission issued its final report in March 2012 and this article is aimed at introducing the main conclusions of this report.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"42 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79972076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this review, the application of enzymes, especially lipases, for the modification of fats and oils is covered. This includes the lipase-catalyzed selective production of structured triglycerides and the isolation or incorporation of specific fatty acids. Protein engineering methods to modify lipases on a molecular level were used to alter the fatty acid chain-length and ‘‘trans over cis’’ selectivity of lipase A from Candida antarctica. Furthermore, an enzymatic cascade reaction to remove 3-monochloropropanediol and the identification of a phospholipase C for degumming are briefly covered.
{"title":"Enzymes in lipid modification: From classical biocatalysis with commercial enzymes to advanced protein engineering tools","authors":"U. Bornscheuer","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0487","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, the application of enzymes, especially lipases, for the modification of fats and oils is covered. This includes the lipase-catalyzed selective production of structured triglycerides and the isolation or incorporation of specific fatty acids. Protein engineering methods to modify lipases on a molecular level were used to alter the fatty acid chain-length and ‘‘trans over cis’’ selectivity of lipase A from Candida antarctica. Furthermore, an enzymatic cascade reaction to remove 3-monochloropropanediol and the identification of a phospholipase C for degumming are briefly covered.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"29 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73531096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Richard, B. Dubreuil, L. Prat, S. Thiebaud-Roux
Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oils by transesterification with ethanol (also called ethanolysis) in order to substitute fossil fuels. In this work, we were interested in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol, which leads to ethyl esters, used to date for applications principally in food and cosmetic industry. To open the application field to biofuels (to substitute current fuels resulting from fossil resources), the process efficiency has to be developed to be economically profitable. The batch reaction of vegetable oil ethanolysis was transposed to a micro-scaled continuous device (PFA tube of 508 μm internal diameter), inducing better heat and mass transfer. Study of the influence of the operational conditions (reactants flow, initial ethanol to oil molar ratio, temperature. . .) revealed the favourable reaction parameters necessary to reach high conversions and yields. In these conditions, it is possible to acquire kinetics data at the first seconds of the reaction, which was not feasible in a conventional batch process. These data were used to model occurring phenomena and to determine kinetic constants and transfer coefficients. The model was subsequently used to simulate reactions with other operational conditions. To acquire these data in microreactors, an on-line analysis method by Near InfraRed (NIR) spectroscopy was developed by using gas chromatography as a reference method. PLS models were then set up to quantify on-line the major compounds contents during the reaction.
{"title":"Development of continuous processes for vegetable oil alcoholysis in microfluidic devices","authors":"R. Richard, B. Dubreuil, L. Prat, S. Thiebaud-Roux","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0479","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oils by transesterification with ethanol (also called ethanolysis) in order to substitute fossil fuels. In this work, we were interested in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol, which leads to ethyl esters, used to date for applications principally in food and cosmetic industry. To open the application field to biofuels (to substitute current fuels resulting from fossil resources), the process efficiency has to be developed to be economically profitable. The batch reaction of vegetable oil ethanolysis was transposed to a micro-scaled continuous device (PFA tube of 508 μm internal diameter), inducing better heat and mass transfer. Study of the influence of the operational conditions (reactants flow, initial ethanol to oil molar ratio, temperature. . .) revealed the favourable reaction parameters necessary to reach high conversions and yields. In these conditions, it is possible to acquire kinetics data at the first seconds of the reaction, which was not feasible in a conventional batch process. These data were used to model occurring phenomena and to determine kinetic constants and transfer coefficients. The model was subsequently used to simulate reactions with other operational conditions. To acquire these data in microreactors, an on-line analysis method by Near InfraRed (NIR) spectroscopy was developed by using gas chromatography as a reference method. PLS models were then set up to quantify on-line the major compounds contents during the reaction.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"20 1","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91302537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne-Laure Fameau, F. Cousin, Arnaud Saint-Jalmes, F. Boué, Jean-Paul Douliez
Surfactants, which are molecules bearing a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part, are widely used in many daily life products (detergent, cosmetic, pharmaceutical...) because of their foaming properties. Indeed, they spontaneously go to the interface between air and water, which stabilizes the thin water films surrounding air bubbles to obtain foams. Currently, since the most used surfactants come from derivatives from petroleum-based products, their replacement by biomolecules is a major issue in the current context of sustainable development and green chemistry. This could promote the use of molecules from agricultural resources, such as hydroxyl fatty acids that can be extracted from oil or from the tegument of fruits and vegetables, as new agro-based surfactants. Here, we present recent research on the surfactant properties of the 12-hydroxy stearic acid coming from the castor oil. This fatty acid has very advantageous foaming properties compared to conventional synthetic surfactant systems: it enables the production of foams which are at the same time very abundant and, remarkably, stables over a span lasting more than 6 months. Moreover, these foams are thermoresponsive because the foam stability can be easily modulated by a simple modification of the temperature.
{"title":"Les acides gras hydroxylés : agro-tensioactifs aux propriétés moussantes originales","authors":"Anne-Laure Fameau, F. Cousin, Arnaud Saint-Jalmes, F. Boué, Jean-Paul Douliez","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0491","url":null,"abstract":"Surfactants, which are molecules bearing a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part, are widely used in many daily life products (detergent, cosmetic, pharmaceutical...) because of their foaming properties. Indeed, they spontaneously go to the interface between air and water, which stabilizes the thin water films surrounding air bubbles to obtain foams. Currently, since the most used surfactants come from derivatives from petroleum-based products, their replacement by biomolecules is a major issue in the current context of sustainable development and green chemistry. This could promote the use of molecules from agricultural resources, such as hydroxyl fatty acids that can be extracted from oil or from the tegument of fruits and vegetables, as new agro-based surfactants. Here, we present recent research on the surfactant properties of the 12-hydroxy stearic acid coming from the castor oil. This fatty acid has very advantageous foaming properties compared to conventional synthetic surfactant systems: it enables the production of foams which are at the same time very abundant and, remarkably, stables over a span lasting more than 6 months. Moreover, these foams are thermoresponsive because the foam stability can be easily modulated by a simple modification of the temperature.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"25 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87980291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several publications are dealing with the influence of the omega 3 level in the feed, more particularly the alpha-linolenic acid level, on the rabbit meat level in this fatty acid, but only few of them deal with the use of the flaxseed. This review is a synthesis of the effects of the level of alpha-linolenic acid brought by the flaxseed on the omega 3 level of the rabbit meat. It shows a direct connection between the alpha-linolenic acid level in the feed and the omega 3 content of the rabbit meat. Besides, this enrichment decreases the saturated fatty acids level, the omega 6 level and consequently the omega 6/omega 3 ratio below 4. In consequence, the contribution of around 0.65% of alpha-linolenic acid in the feed by incorporation of flaxseed in the feed allows to bring in average 967 mg of omega 3 for 100 g of back or 459 mg for 100 kcal and 1004 mg of omega 3 for 100 g of shoulder or 483 mg for 100 kcal and consequently to claim the allegation “rich in omega 3”. This enrichment doesn’t modify the hedonic characteristics of the rabbit meat.
{"title":"Influence du taux d’acide alpha-linolénique de l’aliment sur la teneur en oméga-3 et les caractéristiques hédoniques de la viande de lapin. Revue bibliographique","authors":"B. Teillet, M. Colin, A. Prigent","doi":"10.1051/OCL.2012.0480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL.2012.0480","url":null,"abstract":"Several publications are dealing with the influence of the omega 3 level in the feed, more particularly the alpha-linolenic acid level, on the rabbit meat level in this fatty acid, but only few of them deal with the use of the flaxseed. This review is a synthesis of the effects of the level of alpha-linolenic acid brought by the flaxseed on the omega 3 level of the rabbit meat. It shows a direct connection between the alpha-linolenic acid level in the feed and the omega 3 content of the rabbit meat. Besides, this enrichment decreases the saturated fatty acids level, the omega 6 level and consequently the omega 6/omega 3 ratio below 4. In consequence, the contribution of around 0.65% of alpha-linolenic acid in the feed by incorporation of flaxseed in the feed allows to bring in average 967 mg of omega 3 for 100 g of back or 459 mg for 100 kcal and 1004 mg of omega 3 for 100 g of shoulder or 483 mg for 100 kcal and consequently to claim the allegation “rich in omega 3”. This enrichment doesn’t modify the hedonic characteristics of the rabbit meat.","PeriodicalId":19493,"journal":{"name":"Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides","volume":"19 1","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86075844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：