Pub Date : 2018-05-24DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2018.07.555716
S. Juan
Coastal urbanization is often accompanied by the replacement of natural substrata by artificial structures, which causes coastal habitat modifications, losses of species richness, diversity and microhabitats diversity and favours the settlement of non-native species. The impact that coastal defence structures cause in the intertidal community is further favoured by the anthropic pressures produced in heavily populated areas (such as pollution or the collection of intertidal organisms). Among these, the effect of artificial lights on intertidal communities is practically unknown, even though that the behaviour of many intertidal vagile organisms is synchronized with circatidal and circadian rhythms. Considering that large areas of natural and artificial habitats are exposed to artificial illumination, this review exposes the current knowledge in this matter in order to evaluate the importance of this disregarded impact. Nocturnal lighting can increase stress in intertidal communities, modifying the predation rates and community dynamics. Likewise, lights may favour visual foragers and favour crepuscular behaviours. In consequence, light pollution should be considered in future conservation strategies and more ecological coastal structure designs.
{"title":"Effects of Artificial Illumination on Intertidal Communities As A Consequence of Coastal Urbanisation","authors":"S. Juan","doi":"10.19080/OFOAJ.2018.07.555716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/OFOAJ.2018.07.555716","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal urbanization is often accompanied by the replacement of natural substrata by artificial structures, which causes coastal habitat modifications, losses of species richness, diversity and microhabitats diversity and favours the settlement of non-native species. The impact that coastal defence structures cause in the intertidal community is further favoured by the anthropic pressures produced in heavily populated areas (such as pollution or the collection of intertidal organisms). Among these, the effect of artificial lights on intertidal communities is practically unknown, even though that the behaviour of many intertidal vagile organisms is synchronized with circatidal and circadian rhythms. Considering that large areas of natural and artificial habitats are exposed to artificial illumination, this review exposes the current knowledge in this matter in order to evaluate the importance of this disregarded impact. Nocturnal lighting can increase stress in intertidal communities, modifying the predation rates and community dynamics. Likewise, lights may favour visual foragers and favour crepuscular behaviours. In consequence, light pollution should be considered in future conservation strategies and more ecological coastal structure designs.","PeriodicalId":19494,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91285774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-24DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2018.07.555722
Genc Struga
Objective: Studying the Arvanites a bilingual population in Greece that speak Arvanitika a dialect of Albanian language still spoken in vast areas of Greece is classified as minority language and in risk of extinction as endangered. The study aim to show the possible benefit in cognitive and cognitive related dysfunction of native speakers of Arvanitika from bilingualism [1]. Method: This is a population cohort study including bilingual speakers without exclusion criteria, sampling in the areas where Arvanite population traditionally lived achieving a sample number statistically important of 400 responders between 2018 2022 in a population unofficially ranging from 200000-16000000 or 15% of population and the comparable the same number of monolingual Greek speaker with similar background. Conclusion: A statistically analysis of data indicating benefit of bilingualism and importance of acquiring “mother linguae” in minority population group and how this influence further cognitive functions, capability for further learning including lower incidence of cognitive disorders.
{"title":"The Cognitive Benefits of Learning Native Language and Bilingualism in a Minority Group","authors":"Genc Struga","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2018.07.555722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2018.07.555722","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Studying the Arvanites a bilingual population in Greece that speak Arvanitika a dialect of Albanian language still spoken in vast areas of Greece is classified as minority language and in risk of extinction as endangered. The study aim to show the possible benefit in cognitive and cognitive related dysfunction of native speakers of Arvanitika from bilingualism [1]. Method: This is a population cohort study including bilingual speakers without exclusion criteria, sampling in the areas where Arvanite population traditionally lived achieving a sample number statistically important of 400 responders between 2018 2022 in a population unofficially ranging from 200000-16000000 or 15% of population and the comparable the same number of monolingual Greek speaker with similar background. Conclusion: A statistically analysis of data indicating benefit of bilingualism and importance of acquiring “mother linguae” in minority population group and how this influence further cognitive functions, capability for further learning including lower incidence of cognitive disorders.","PeriodicalId":19494,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78162253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-24DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2018.07.555724
Egilius Lh Spiering
{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Face Pain: A Brief Guide","authors":"Egilius Lh Spiering","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2018.07.555724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2018.07.555724","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19494,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84472925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-23DOI: 10.15406/ahoaj.2018.02.00048
Ariadna H. Ochnio
{"title":"Retroactivity of extended confiscation and the EU minimum standard","authors":"Ariadna H. Ochnio","doi":"10.15406/ahoaj.2018.02.00048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ahoaj.2018.02.00048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19494,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83401300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-22DOI: 10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555699
T. Islam
Many statistical procedures utilize preliminary tests to enhance the accuracy of the final inferences. Preliminary tests like Goldfeld-Quandt (GQ) and Levene-type tests are used to assess the assumption of equality of population variances with normality as the underlying distributional assumption. Such tests must be used with care as the final inferences are conditional on the performance of these tests at first stage. This study explores the size distortions of GQ and Levene-type tests under non-normality. The results do not warrant the use of GQ & Levene test under non-normality as the size distortions are as high as 88 & 48% for the respective statistics. However, the modified form of Levene test (BF-test) retains its size properties except for the multi-model alternatives with relatively big outliers.
{"title":"Preliminary tests of homogeneity- type I error rates under non-normality","authors":"T. Islam","doi":"10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555699","url":null,"abstract":"Many statistical procedures utilize preliminary tests to enhance the accuracy of the final inferences. Preliminary tests like Goldfeld-Quandt (GQ) and Levene-type tests are used to assess the assumption of equality of population variances with normality as the underlying distributional assumption. Such tests must be used with care as the final inferences are conditional on the performance of these tests at first stage. This study explores the size distortions of GQ and Levene-type tests under non-normality. The results do not warrant the use of GQ & Levene test under non-normality as the size distortions are as high as 88 & 48% for the respective statistics. However, the modified form of Levene test (BF-test) retains its size properties except for the multi-model alternatives with relatively big outliers.","PeriodicalId":19494,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89259572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-22DOI: 10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555698
D. Kumar
In this paper, we have established several new explicit expressions and recurrence relations satisfied by the quotient moments and conditional quotient moments of dual generalized order statistics from Exponentiated Pareto distribution, to enable one to evaluate the single and product moments of all order in simple recursive manner. The results for order statistics and record values are deduced from the relations derived. Further, recurrence relation for conditional quotient moments of dual generalized order statistics we obtain a characterization of exponentiated Pareto distribution.
{"title":"Relationship for Quotient Moments of Ordered Random Variables from Exponentiated Pareto Distribution","authors":"D. Kumar","doi":"10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555698","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we have established several new explicit expressions and recurrence relations satisfied by the quotient moments and conditional quotient moments of dual generalized order statistics from Exponentiated Pareto distribution, to enable one to evaluate the single and product moments of all order in simple recursive manner. The results for order statistics and record values are deduced from the relations derived. Further, recurrence relation for conditional quotient moments of dual generalized order statistics we obtain a characterization of exponentiated Pareto distribution.","PeriodicalId":19494,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85926926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-22DOI: 10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555700
Mai Zhou
In a recent article in this journal the authors compared four methods of constructing confidence interval for the relative risk. We aim to provide some more recent literature on this topic and propose to include in the comparison the alternative method of the Wilks confidence interval based on the likelihood ratio tests. We describe the procedure and provide R code for constructing such confidence intervals. No transformation is needed, and the procedure is known to often produce better confidence intervals in other settings [1]. AMS 2000 Subject Classification: Primary 60E15; secondary 60G30.
{"title":"Confidence Intervals for Relative Risk by Likelihood Ratio Test","authors":"Mai Zhou","doi":"10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555700","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent article in this journal the authors compared four methods of constructing confidence interval for the relative risk. We aim to provide some more recent literature on this topic and propose to include in the comparison the alternative method of the Wilks confidence interval based on the likelihood ratio tests. We describe the procedure and provide R code for constructing such confidence intervals. No transformation is needed, and the procedure is known to often produce better confidence intervals in other settings [1]. AMS 2000 Subject Classification: Primary 60E15; secondary 60G30.","PeriodicalId":19494,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90028580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-22DOI: 10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555701
Jean-Pierre Magnot
We review how gauge theories, initial introduced for classical mechanics and quantum led theory, seem to apply to many fields of research such as information theory, computer science, economy, biology. This non-exhaustive list raises natural question on future developments of this theory. Short Communication How gauge theories appear in information theory and economics Basically, the mathematical structure of groups is among the best adapted for describing transformations and moves. A path on a group can encode the evolution of a dynamical system, or the moves of an exterior observer with respect to a given system. In the theory of quantum fields, more general objects called principal bundles, which consist in a total space P with fibers isomorphic to a (Lie) group G over a base (simplicial complex or manifold). M For one of the most simple settings, one can see when the base is a manifold (we call them continuum gauge theories) [1-5]. When the base is a simplicial complex (or a lattice), the models are called discrete gauge theories. They stand formally as an integrated version of the previous ones which (more or less formally again). The physical study consists in solving equations on P or after quantization into fields, in minimizing so-called action functionals. These action functionals are in fact acting on connections, which are infinitesimal expressions of local slices. They can be understood also as differential operators. These delicate settings coming from physics have, in the last twenty years, found two applications to our knowledge: In so-called " geometric arbitrage theory» for managing portfolios in financial markets [2,6-10], where fiber bundles or principal bundles describe, along their fibers and on the base, the external and internal parameters for the prediction of the evolution of the portfolio. Fiber bundles over a manifold described in [9] are related to principal bundles in a way described in [10]. In so-called approximate reasoning in pairwise comparisons where complete studies can be performed when * G + = and with normalized objects, with very recent axiomatization [10-19]. However, the need of so-called non-numerical ranking appeals the use of non-abelian groups G and of mathematical tools coming from discrete gauge theories [12,18]. Gauge wraith in biology and neurology The aim of this short article, giving the opinion of the sole author, is to mention that there are some hidden aspects of neurology and biology which reveal, in some kind of matching mirror process, the presence of gauge effects. This aspect is not actually truly confirmed, it is more-or-less at a step of conceptualization, and that is the reason why we talk of gauge wraith. Other authors have already mentioned the similarities of models coming from biology and neuronal science [11,15,16], each time with very mild interpretations of classical facts. From a heuristic viewpoint, this is not so surprising since «physics of life» deal with entities inter
我们回顾了最初为经典力学和量子理论引入的规范理论如何应用于许多研究领域，如信息论、计算机科学、经济学、生物学。这个不详尽的清单自然会对这一理论的未来发展提出疑问。基本上，群体的数学结构是最适合描述转变和移动的。群上的路径可以编码动力系统的演化，或者外部观察者相对于给定系统的移动。在量子场理论中，称为主束的更一般的物体，它们存在于总空间P中，其纤维同构于基(简复或流形)上的(李)群G。对于最简单的设置之一，可以看到当基是流形时(我们称之为连续统规范理论)[1-5]。当基是简单复合体(或晶格)时，模型称为离散规范理论。它们正式地作为前几个的集成版本(或多或少正式地)。物理研究包括解P上的方程，或量子化后的场，最小化所谓的作用泛函。这些作用泛函实际上作用于连接，连接是局部切片的无穷小表达式。它们也可以理解为微分算子。在过去的二十年里，这些来自物理学的微妙设置为我们的知识找到了两个应用:在所谓的“几何套利理论”中，用于管理金融市场的投资组合[2,6-10]，其中纤维束或主要束沿着其纤维和基础描述了用于预测投资组合演变的外部和内部参数。在[9]中描述的流形上的光纤束以[10]中描述的方式与主束相关。在所谓的两两比较中的近似推理中，当* G + =和具有归一化对象时，可以进行完整的研究，并具有最近的公理化[10-19]。然而，所谓的非数值排序的需要呼吁使用非阿贝尔群G和来自离散规范理论的数学工具[12,18]。这篇短文的目的是提出唯一作者的观点，即神经病学和生物学中存在一些隐藏的方面，这些方面在某种匹配镜像过程中揭示了测量效应的存在。这方面实际上并没有得到真正的证实，它或多或少处于概念化的阶段，这就是我们谈论规范幽灵的原因。其他作者已经提到了来自生物学和神经科学的模型的相似性[11,15,16]，每次都对经典事实进行了非常温和的解释。从启发式的观点来看，这并不奇怪，因为“生命物理学”处理的是相互作用的实体，就像核物理学的基本粒子相互作用一样。在微观尺度上，通过将一个实体(神经元、分子、细胞)与其相邻的每个实体连接起来，一个简单的结构自然产生，这使得离散规范理论变得合适;在宏观层面上，现象的第一个近似可以从连续规范理论中产生。然而，作为最后的评论，规范理论离散化的数学理论必须受到非常严重的质疑，因为基于的经典方案导致数学问题，而其他尚未研究的方法来离散连续体模型可以提出[17]。
{"title":"On Multidisciplinary Potential Applications of Gauge Theories","authors":"Jean-Pierre Magnot","doi":"10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/BBOAJ.2018.06.555701","url":null,"abstract":"We review how gauge theories, initial introduced for classical mechanics and quantum led theory, seem to apply to many fields of research such as information theory, computer science, economy, biology. This non-exhaustive list raises natural question on future developments of this theory. Short Communication How gauge theories appear in information theory and economics Basically, the mathematical structure of groups is among the best adapted for describing transformations and moves. A path on a group can encode the evolution of a dynamical system, or the moves of an exterior observer with respect to a given system. In the theory of quantum fields, more general objects called principal bundles, which consist in a total space P with fibers isomorphic to a (Lie) group G over a base (simplicial complex or manifold). M For one of the most simple settings, one can see when the base is a manifold (we call them continuum gauge theories) [1-5]. When the base is a simplicial complex (or a lattice), the models are called discrete gauge theories. They stand formally as an integrated version of the previous ones which (more or less formally again). The physical study consists in solving equations on P or after quantization into fields, in minimizing so-called action functionals. These action functionals are in fact acting on connections, which are infinitesimal expressions of local slices. They can be understood also as differential operators. These delicate settings coming from physics have, in the last twenty years, found two applications to our knowledge: In so-called \" geometric arbitrage theory» for managing portfolios in financial markets [2,6-10], where fiber bundles or principal bundles describe, along their fibers and on the base, the external and internal parameters for the prediction of the evolution of the portfolio. Fiber bundles over a manifold described in [9] are related to principal bundles in a way described in [10]. In so-called approximate reasoning in pairwise comparisons where complete studies can be performed when * G + = and with normalized objects, with very recent axiomatization [10-19]. However, the need of so-called non-numerical ranking appeals the use of non-abelian groups G and of mathematical tools coming from discrete gauge theories [12,18]. Gauge wraith in biology and neurology The aim of this short article, giving the opinion of the sole author, is to mention that there are some hidden aspects of neurology and biology which reveal, in some kind of matching mirror process, the presence of gauge effects. This aspect is not actually truly confirmed, it is more-or-less at a step of conceptualization, and that is the reason why we talk of gauge wraith. Other authors have already mentioned the similarities of models coming from biology and neuronal science [11,15,16], each time with very mild interpretations of classical facts. From a heuristic viewpoint, this is not so surprising since «physics of life» deal with entities inter","PeriodicalId":19494,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90318299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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