Alicia Ravelo-García, Maria Cristina Castañon-Bautista, Juan Antonio Pitones-Rubio
Rainwater harvesting systems have become a necessary strategy in universities to reduce water consumption and to achieve efficient use of water resources, particularly in semi-arid areas, where the use of these systems is ideal and innovative for sustainable water management. However, the design and implementation of these systems needs to be well planned and cost-effective as well as compliant of the needs of the specific college campus. This work proposes to implement this technology for the design of a rainwater harvesting system at the Valle de las Palmas academic unit: the Faculty of Engineering and Technology Sciences (FCITEC), in order to take advantage of the area’s Winter rainfall, and to be used on the landscape areas of the campus. There is evidence that certain universities have obtained significant savings and a decreasing demand for water from their municipal hydraulic networks, such as the Federal University of Pará, in Japan and the Federal University of Viçosa in Brazil. The FCITEC is located in the municipality of Tijuana, Baja California; a region considered as semi-arid, with long drought periods, high temperatures and a short season of Winter rainfall. Baja California’s main source of water supply comes from the Colorado River, representing 80% of the state’s water supply while 20% comes from underground aquifers. Due to the limited rainfall in the Colorado River basin, water levels have dropped significantly in recent years, affecting the city of Tijuana since, during hot seasons, the public water system implemented rotation practices which provoked many neighborhoods to run out of water (including the FCITEC). Therefore, it is a priority to consider water collection systems to take advantage of winter rains as a sustainable and profitable short-term solution for water management in universities, thus reducing the demand for consumption from the water supply network and contributing to the environmental sustainability of water resources.
{"title":"Rainwater Harvesting at Universities. Case study: Valle de las Palmas","authors":"Alicia Ravelo-García, Maria Cristina Castañon-Bautista, Juan Antonio Pitones-Rubio","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v5i2.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v5i2.82","url":null,"abstract":"Rainwater harvesting systems have become a necessary strategy in universities to reduce water consumption and to achieve efficient use of water resources, particularly in semi-arid areas, where the use of these systems is ideal and innovative for sustainable water management. However, the design and implementation of these systems needs to be well planned and cost-effective as well as compliant of the needs of the specific college campus. This work proposes to implement this technology for the design of a rainwater harvesting system at the Valle de las Palmas academic unit: the Faculty of Engineering and Technology Sciences (FCITEC), in order to take advantage of the area’s Winter rainfall, and to be used on the landscape areas of the campus. There is evidence that certain universities have obtained significant savings and a decreasing demand for water from their municipal hydraulic networks, such as the Federal University of Pará, in Japan and the Federal University of Viçosa in Brazil. The FCITEC is located in the municipality of Tijuana, Baja California; a region considered as semi-arid, with long drought periods, high temperatures and a short season of Winter rainfall. Baja California’s main source of water supply comes from the Colorado River, representing 80% of the state’s water supply while 20% comes from underground aquifers. Due to the limited rainfall in the Colorado River basin, water levels have dropped significantly in recent years, affecting the city of Tijuana since, during hot seasons, the public water system implemented rotation practices which provoked many neighborhoods to run out of water (including the FCITEC). Therefore, it is a priority to consider water collection systems to take advantage of winter rains as a sustainable and profitable short-term solution for water management in universities, thus reducing the demand for consumption from the water supply network and contributing to the environmental sustainability of water resources.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130975990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The project to conceptualize the Urban Solid Waste Treatment Complex in the town of San Andrés de Machaca, has been designed to give final disposal to common solid waste and hospital waste generated in the urban area and part of the rural area, in addition to taking advantage of organic waste through the generation of compost, additionally contemplates the recovery of part of the potentially recyclable materials, which will be carried out in a recycling plant that will be located inside the complex. The proposed and requested design is intended not as a final disposal site, but rather as a complex that integrates all the units in order to take advantage of solid waste, so that in the long term the common waste cell reduces the waste it receives. and thereby increase its useful life.
{"title":"Municipal solid waste treatment complex in small towns. Case study: San Andrés de Machaca.","authors":"Ninoska Medrano-Flores","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v5i1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v5i1.65","url":null,"abstract":"The project to conceptualize the Urban Solid Waste Treatment Complex in the town of San Andrés de Machaca, has been designed to give final disposal to common solid waste and hospital waste generated in the urban area and part of the rural area, in addition to taking advantage of organic waste through the generation of compost, additionally contemplates the recovery of part of the potentially recyclable materials, which will be carried out in a recycling plant that will be located inside the complex. The proposed and requested design is intended not as a final disposal site, but rather as a complex that integrates all the units in order to take advantage of solid waste, so that in the long term the common waste cell reduces the waste it receives. and thereby increase its useful life.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123148831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrián López-Yáñez, M. G. Hidalgo-Muñoz, Humberto Eduardo González-Bravo, Victor Manuel Fernández-Ruiz, Miguel Ángel Vaca-Hernández, J. Ramírez-Muñoz
The synthesis and optimization of a selective treatment system for contaminated wastewater using Fenton and sono-Fenton oxidation processes is addressed in this work. The problem investigated can be useful for the selective treatment of hospital effluents contaminated with traces of some drug, and the removal of paracetamol is used as a study case. A nonlinear programming model (NLP) that uses a single treatment unit with a defined volume is proposed for the removal of paracetamol by using reported degradation kinetics for each advanced oxidation process evaluated. The cost of the treatment system is considered to be directly proportional to the treated flow. The use of the proposed model is illustrated with the solution of a case study that shows its versatility to achieve optimal treatment systems. Results show that, for the same set of effluents to be treated, the sono-Fenton process exhibits a better paracetamol remotion efficiency, i.e., requires less flow through the treatment unit. As higher concentrations of paracetamol are demanded in the discharge, the lesser is the flow of contaminant effluent that is sent to the treatment unit as well. Whilst, as lower concentrations of paracetamol are demanded in the discharge, an opposing effect is observed. Finally, a discussion of the removal ratio of paracetamol in the overall process and in the treatment unit as a function of the discharged limit of paracetamol in the effluent is addressed.
{"title":"Synthesis and optimization of a selective treatment network of wastewater streams contaminated with paracetamol","authors":"Adrián López-Yáñez, M. G. Hidalgo-Muñoz, Humberto Eduardo González-Bravo, Victor Manuel Fernández-Ruiz, Miguel Ángel Vaca-Hernández, J. Ramírez-Muñoz","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v5i1.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v5i1.80","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis and optimization of a selective treatment system for contaminated wastewater using Fenton and sono-Fenton oxidation processes is addressed in this work. The problem investigated can be useful for the selective treatment of hospital effluents contaminated with traces of some drug, and the removal of paracetamol is used as a study case. A nonlinear programming model (NLP) that uses a single treatment unit with a defined volume is proposed for the removal of paracetamol by using reported degradation kinetics for each advanced oxidation process evaluated. The cost of the treatment system is considered to be directly proportional to the treated flow. The use of the proposed model is illustrated with the solution of a case study that shows its versatility to achieve optimal treatment systems. Results show that, for the same set of effluents to be treated, the sono-Fenton process exhibits a better paracetamol remotion efficiency, i.e., requires less flow through the treatment unit. As higher concentrations of paracetamol are demanded in the discharge, the lesser is the flow of contaminant effluent that is sent to the treatment unit as well. Whilst, as lower concentrations of paracetamol are demanded in the discharge, an opposing effect is observed. Finally, a discussion of the removal ratio of paracetamol in the overall process and in the treatment unit as a function of the discharged limit of paracetamol in the effluent is addressed.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117145912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Daniel Baleón-Romero, Martha Angélica Torres-Rodriguez, Nabil Enriquez-Torres, Nallely Téllez-Méndez, Laura Alicia Paniagua-Solar, J. Cotzomi-Paleta, Enrique De la Fuente-Morales
Currently, technological alternatives are being sought for the substitution of fossil fuels for different reasons.One of the most relevant is the protection of the environment, to have an improvement in this aspect, the generation of energy through clean sources is sought. The PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) type fuel cells are an excellent alternative for the generation of clean energy because the residues of the fuel cell are mainly water and heat. In the present work, clinoptilolite zeolite was used to produce clean energy by a fuel cell using bioethanol as fuel. Zeolite showed promising results when used in combination with carbon and hydrogel as a solid electrolyte. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray electron microscopy. The result showed a maximum power of 0.00589241 mW in a surface of 900 mm2 , which is considered a positive result. The catalyst is functional to produce energy by an electrooxidation reaction using bioethanol in a fuel cell at a low cost compared to traditionally platinum-based catalysts.
{"title":"Power generation by means of a prototype microcell using bioethanol as fuel and clinoptilolite-type zeolite","authors":"José Daniel Baleón-Romero, Martha Angélica Torres-Rodriguez, Nabil Enriquez-Torres, Nallely Téllez-Méndez, Laura Alicia Paniagua-Solar, J. Cotzomi-Paleta, Enrique De la Fuente-Morales","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v4i2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v4i2.66","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, technological alternatives are being sought for the substitution of fossil fuels for different reasons.One of the most relevant is the protection of the environment, to have an improvement in this aspect, the generation of energy through clean sources is sought. The PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) type fuel cells are an excellent alternative for the generation of clean energy because the residues of the fuel cell are mainly water and heat. In the present work, clinoptilolite zeolite was used to produce clean energy by a fuel cell using bioethanol as fuel. Zeolite showed promising results when used in combination with carbon and hydrogel as a solid electrolyte. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray electron microscopy. The result showed a maximum power of 0.00589241 mW in a surface of 900 mm2 , which is considered a positive result. The catalyst is functional to produce energy by an electrooxidation reaction using bioethanol in a fuel cell at a low cost compared to traditionally platinum-based catalysts.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115587521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Verónica Ramírez-Díaz, Miguel Mauricio Aguilera-Flores, David E. Flores-Jiménez, V. Ávila-Vázquez
In the present work, due to the importance of the dispersion of pollutants in the air, the modified Pasquill-Gifford classification was used to determine the classes of atmospheric stability, which serve to indirectly identify the increase or decrease of the existing mechanical and convective turbulence, conditions that at the same time affect the dispersion of pollutants; the above was carried out in the municipality of Zacatecas in the years of 2019 and 2020; the data of concentrations of Carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), PM10 and PM2.5 particles, and ozone (O3) released from a monitoring station and were contrasted with the estimated atmospheric stability classes in order to observe the influence of these classes on these pollutants; and finally, based on the results obtained, it was identified in which seasons of the year there is a greater and lesser dispersion of pollutants. Once this process was carried out, a series of recommendations were issued about the feasibility of using this classification in the city of Zacatecas. Maximum frequencies of class A were obtained between 9:00 and 12:00 hours, considered the most unstable with 52.22% for spring, 53.57% for summer, 44.87% for autumn, and 40% for winter. When class A increased its frequency, the concentration of particles decreased, and when class F increased, the concentration of particles increased. Therefore, it is recommended to consider different factors that may influence the dispersion of pollutants in the city of Zacatecas and, regarding the results obtained, make use of this classification only in hourly averages. Likewise, the Pasquill-Gifford classification could be combined with atmospheric models to determine the behavior of particles in different periods with greater confidence.
{"title":"Estimation of atmospheric stability for the city of Zacatecas, Mexico","authors":"Verónica Ramírez-Díaz, Miguel Mauricio Aguilera-Flores, David E. Flores-Jiménez, V. Ávila-Vázquez","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v4i2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v4i2.68","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, due to the importance of the dispersion of pollutants in the air, the modified Pasquill-Gifford classification was used to determine the classes of atmospheric stability, which serve to indirectly identify the increase or decrease of the existing mechanical and convective turbulence, conditions that at the same time affect the dispersion of pollutants; the above was carried out in the municipality of Zacatecas in the years of 2019 and 2020; the data of concentrations of Carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), PM10 and PM2.5 particles, and ozone (O3) released from a monitoring station and were contrasted with the estimated atmospheric stability classes in order to observe the influence of these classes on these pollutants; and finally, based on the results obtained, it was identified in which seasons of the year there is a greater and lesser dispersion of pollutants. Once this process was carried out, a series of recommendations were issued about the feasibility of using this classification in the city of Zacatecas. \u0000Maximum frequencies of class A were obtained between 9:00 and 12:00 hours, considered the most unstable with 52.22% for spring, 53.57% for summer, 44.87% for autumn, and 40% for winter. When class A increased its frequency, the concentration of particles decreased, and when class F increased, the concentration of particles increased. Therefore, it is recommended to consider different factors that may influence the dispersion of pollutants in the city of Zacatecas and, regarding the results obtained, make use of this classification only in hourly averages. Likewise, the Pasquill-Gifford classification could be combined with atmospheric models to determine the behavior of particles in different periods with greater confidence.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131353336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Zamora-Castro, Graciela Elizabeth Nani-González, Joaquín Sangabriel-Lomelí, M. Sandoval-Herazo, Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo
The risk of flooding in cities near riverbeds is a latent concern, especially during the rainy season. A specific case is that of Misantla, located in the State of Veracruz-Mexico, where floods have already caused social and economic damages. For flood prevention, this study proposes a digital methodology based on specialized ArcGIS, HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS software, taking as a case study the urban areas located in mountainous zones of Misantla, Veracruz; likewise, hydrodynamic models supported by field studies and the use of geographic information systems (GIS) were used to know the vulnerable areas. The simulation shows the probable flood zones and the maximum depth levels that flows can reach in extraordinary rainfall events, which is an important element for risk assessment. By forecasting flooding areas, the spatial resolutions used also have a direct impact on mitigating damages caused by flooding. The study results in a risk map showing the sectors of the population most vulnerable to the problem of flooding and information for the design of protection works. In the city of Misantla, the case of this study, the simulated risk map shows that 57.3% of the surface area of the city, particularly the downtown area, is at risk of flooding.
{"title":"Digital methodology to detect vulnerable areas to flooding in urban zones located in the mountains","authors":"S. Zamora-Castro, Graciela Elizabeth Nani-González, Joaquín Sangabriel-Lomelí, M. Sandoval-Herazo, Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v4i2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v4i2.73","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of flooding in cities near riverbeds is a latent concern, especially during the rainy season. A specific case is that of Misantla, located in the State of Veracruz-Mexico, where floods have already caused social and economic damages. For flood prevention, this study proposes a digital methodology based on specialized ArcGIS, HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS software, taking as a case study the urban areas located in mountainous zones of Misantla, Veracruz; likewise, hydrodynamic models supported by field studies and the use of geographic information systems (GIS) were used to know the vulnerable areas. The simulation shows the probable flood zones and the maximum depth levels that flows can reach in extraordinary rainfall events, which is an important element for risk assessment. By forecasting flooding areas, the spatial resolutions used also have a direct impact on mitigating damages caused by flooding. The study results in a risk map showing the sectors of the population most vulnerable to the problem of flooding and information for the design of protection works. In the city of Misantla, the case of this study, the simulated risk map shows that 57.3% of the surface area of the city, particularly the downtown area, is at risk of flooding.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117330183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roger Emmanuel Sales-Pérez, Diana I. Romero-Mota, A. Alvarado-Lassman, J. Atenodoro-Alonso, J. M. Méndez-Contreras
Pathogenic organisms in pig manure can cause serious environmental and health problems. Pigs are susceptible to infection by microorganisms such as fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp., protozoa, and helminths. The latter are found in tropical and subtropical zones, where they are a source of health risk associated with poor sanitation due to contaminated water for agricultural irrigation and the inadequate final disposal of excrements on the ground. For this reason, it is necessary to treat the waste so that it complies with the maximum permissible limits established in the official regulations and is disposed of correctly. In this work, the kinetic parameters of the alkaline inactivation process were determined with different CaO concentrations (10, 15, and 20% m/m) and different time periods (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). In addition, the evaluation of the product DT (ammonia dose and temperature) was carried out for the described process, for which the increase in pH and temperature after the addition of alkaline matter was studied for the inactivation of total helminth eggs in a system open. The mathematical modeling was carried out with the Hom model modified for chemical treatments. The results showed that the process used had an efficiency of 94.7% in the destruction of whole helminth eggs, of which 5.8% was carried out thanks to the ammonia dose and the resulting temperature (9,963 mg/L °C). Although the DT factor was not the leading cause of the helminth eggs inactivation it contributed favorably to the process in addition to the applied CaO dose (20%).
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of helminth eggs inactivation in pig (Sus domestica) manure from a backyard farm","authors":"Roger Emmanuel Sales-Pérez, Diana I. Romero-Mota, A. Alvarado-Lassman, J. Atenodoro-Alonso, J. M. Méndez-Contreras","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v4i2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v4i2.69","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic organisms in pig manure can cause serious environmental and health problems. Pigs are susceptible to infection by microorganisms such as fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp., protozoa, and helminths. The latter are found in tropical and subtropical zones, where they are a source of health risk associated with poor sanitation due to contaminated water for agricultural irrigation and the inadequate final disposal of excrements on the ground. For this reason, it is necessary to treat the waste so that it complies with the maximum permissible limits established in the official regulations and is disposed of correctly. In this work, the kinetic parameters of the alkaline inactivation process were determined with different CaO concentrations (10, 15, and 20% m/m) and different time periods (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). In addition, the evaluation of the product DT (ammonia dose and temperature) was carried out for the described process, for which the increase in pH and temperature after the addition of alkaline matter was studied for the inactivation of total helminth eggs in a system open. The mathematical modeling was carried out with the Hom model modified for chemical treatments. The results showed that the process used had an efficiency of 94.7% in the destruction of whole helminth eggs, of which 5.8% was carried out thanks to the ammonia dose and the resulting temperature (9,963 mg/L °C). Although the DT factor was not the leading cause of the helminth eggs inactivation it contributed favorably to the process in addition to the applied CaO dose (20%).","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127616759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nohemí Sánchez-Valeriano, Diana I. Romero-Mota, E. S. Rosas-Mendoza, E. Hernández-Aguilar, J. M. Méndez-Contreras
The cob is the residue generated from the separation of the grain from the cob, and due to its components, it is considered a lignocellulosic material, so its use is limited, which favors the burning of the cob and its spreading, thus generating a problem of environmental pollution. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when supplied in adequate amounts, provide a beneficial effect to the host, reducing the carbohydrate content in lignocellulosic materials through fermentation, obtaining a product rich in nutrients. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the kinetic parameters of biotransformation of corn residues through the fermentative action of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus. Anaerobic fermentation kinetics were performed using the bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus at different concentrations (10 and 15% v/v) to obtain kinetic parameters of microbial growth and substrate consumption for the biotransformation of white corn (Zea MaysL.) residues. The kinetic parameters indicate that when using 15% inoculum, the bacteria adapt to a greater extent to the substrate since the Ks value was 0.5693 g/L and the adaptation time was 18.25 h, thus allowing the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and therefore the process of biotransformation of corn residues. While for the consumption of substrate, it was identified that the use of 10% inoculum was better since it presented a value of k of 0.2534 that is higher than the value obtained when 15% is used because the rate of substrate consumption is faster. Therefore, the dose of 15% inoculum seems to be the most suitable for the adaptation of the bacteria in the shortest time and therefore the biotransformation process is carried out.
{"title":"Determination of kinetic parameters of the anaerobic biotransformation process of corn cob (Zea Mays L.) with Lactobacillus acidophilus","authors":"Nohemí Sánchez-Valeriano, Diana I. Romero-Mota, E. S. Rosas-Mendoza, E. Hernández-Aguilar, J. M. Méndez-Contreras","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v4i1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v4i1.67","url":null,"abstract":"The cob is the residue generated from the separation of the grain from the cob, and due to its components, it is considered a lignocellulosic material, so its use is limited, which favors the burning of the cob and its spreading, thus generating a problem of environmental pollution. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when supplied in adequate amounts, provide a beneficial effect to the host, reducing the carbohydrate content in lignocellulosic materials through fermentation, obtaining a product rich in nutrients. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the kinetic parameters of biotransformation of corn residues through the fermentative action of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus. Anaerobic fermentation kinetics were performed using the bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus at different concentrations (10 and 15% v/v) to obtain kinetic parameters of microbial growth and substrate consumption for the biotransformation of white corn (Zea MaysL.) residues. The kinetic parameters indicate that when using 15% inoculum, the bacteria adapt to a greater extent to the substrate since the Ks value was 0.5693 g/L and the adaptation time was 18.25 h, thus allowing the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and therefore the process of biotransformation of corn residues. While for the consumption of substrate, it was identified that the use of 10% inoculum was better since it presented a value of k of 0.2534 that is higher than the value obtained when 15% is used because the rate of substrate consumption is faster. Therefore, the dose of 15% inoculum seems to be the most suitable for the adaptation of the bacteria in the shortest time and therefore the biotransformation process is carried out.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"409 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123539555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Gerardo Frausto-Torres, Edgar Vázquez-Núñez, Caros Eduardo Molina-Guerrero
Fossil resources dominate the energy supply. In 2019, the total energy supply worldwide accounted for 606 exajoules (EJ), of which fossil fuels (oil, coal, and gas) had a share of 81% (490 EJ). The biorefinery concept proposes the synthesis of renewable energies as an alternative to fossil carburants. As a second-generation biofuel, biobutanol has outstanding characteristics and can be obtained from agricultural residues and organic wastes; however, its bioprocessing is not economically feasible using current methodologies. In 2021, the global production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) was 25.5 million tons; being the fifth top producer, Mexico generated 687,000 tons of this vegetable. In this work we propose a production design for the synthesis of biobutanol and the recovery of valuable byproducts, like high-value polyphenolic compounds, from broccoli residues, abundant in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. For the transformation of the substrate a biochemical matrix was proposed for its composition, as well as a biotechnological route that follows a general path with the acid pretreatment of biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis, and acetone-biobutanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation using anaerobic bacteria. The outlined biorefinery integrates conventional methods in three methodological pathways and a hybrid model for the downstream process. With the aim of visualizing the global economic performance and evaluating a possible reduction in production costs, we performed a technoeconomic analysis of the designed second generation biorefinery plant. The economic evaluation was carried out using SuperPro Designer® V 12.0. The results confirm the enormous dependence that this type of biorefinery suffers from energy demands. We found that by implementing strategic adaptations to the downstream process operating costs can be considerably reduced. However, to achieve full financial efficiency in the production of biobutanol from broccoli residues, it is necessary to deepen the research and development of innovative methods to efficiently separate and purify the final products, as well as novel methodologies for the biotransformation of the described lignocellulosic biomass along the entire technological route. We also found that there is a large opportunity in the valorization of the plentiful broccoli residues generated in the Guanajuato region.
化石资源在能源供应中占主导地位。2019年，全球能源供应总量为606焦耳(EJ)，其中化石燃料(石油、煤炭和天然气)占81% (490 EJ)。生物炼制概念提出了可再生能源的合成，作为化石碳化合物的替代品。生物丁醇作为第二代生物燃料，具有突出的特性，可从农业废弃物和有机废弃物中提取;然而，使用目前的方法，其生物处理在经济上是不可行的。2021年，西兰花(Brassica oleracea var. Italica)的全球产量为2550万吨;作为第五大生产国，墨西哥生产了68.7万吨这种蔬菜。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种生产设计，用于合成生物丁醇和回收有价值的副产品，如高价值的多酚化合物，从西兰花残留物，丰富的瓜纳华托州，墨西哥。对于底物的转化，提出了生化基质的组成，以及遵循生物质酸预处理，酶解和厌氧细菌丙酮-生物丁醇-乙醇(ABE)发酵的一般路径的生物技术路线。概述的生物精炼厂集成了三种方法途径的传统方法和下游过程的混合模型。为了可视化全球经济表现并评估可能降低的生产成本，我们对设计的第二代生物精炼厂进行了技术经济分析。使用SuperPro Designer®V 12.0进行经济评价。研究结果证实，这种类型的生物炼制受到能源需求的巨大依赖。我们发现，通过对下游工艺实施战略性调整，可以大大降低运营成本。然而，为了实现从西兰花残渣中生产生物丁醇的充分经济效益，有必要深化创新方法的研究和开发，以有效地分离和纯化最终产品，以及沿着整个技术路线对所述木质纤维素生物质进行生物转化的新方法。我们还发现，在瓜纳华托地区产生的丰富的西兰花残留物的价值有很大的机会。
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