Currently, in the world, there is a use of obsolete technologies to satisfy cooking and water heating needs in rural areas. These technologies have emissions with environmental impacts, which contribute to climate change. This study performs a Life Cycle Assessment in the Global Warming Potential (CO2e) impact category in six firewood devices representative of Mexico and Central America. As part of this analysis, measurements of emissions and energy consumption in a typical day during water heating and cooking tasks were integrated. Devices such as open fire have zero CO2e contributions in the construction but represent the highest emissions and energy consumption in a typical cooking day. On the other hand, cookstoves such as the Patsari and the Onil contribute to mitigating CO2e emissions in the long term. The main CO2e contributions are produced in the final use. This analysis is useful in making decisions for the implementation of massive cookstove programs.
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of wood cookstoves from Mexico and Central America","authors":"V. Ruiz-García, Alfredo Fuentes-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.45","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, in the world, there is a use of obsolete technologies to satisfy cooking and water heating needs in rural areas. These technologies have emissions with environmental impacts, which contribute to climate change. This study performs a Life Cycle Assessment in the Global Warming Potential (CO2e) impact category in six firewood devices representative of Mexico and Central America. As part of this analysis, measurements of emissions and energy consumption in a typical day during water heating and cooking tasks were integrated. Devices such as open fire have zero CO2e contributions in the construction but represent the highest emissions and energy consumption in a typical cooking day. On the other hand, cookstoves such as the Patsari and the Onil contribute to mitigating CO2e emissions in the long term. The main CO2e contributions are produced in the final use. This analysis is useful in making decisions for the implementation of massive cookstove programs.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"424 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122917823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. López-Ocaña, M. J. Romellón-Cerino, Nancy Estrada-Pérez
In this research, the spatial distribution and kinetic coefficient of basic pollutants in the artificial wetlands (CW) of the DACBiol-UJAT wastewater treatment plant were evaluated. It consists of a sump-settler and two identical modules with HA in series 8.3 m long, 2.5 m wide and 0.5 m long. In both trains, the first HA is subsurface flow (SSFCW) with Pontederia cordata (tule) species, the second HA is free flow (FFCW) with Thalia geniculata (popal) and the last HAFL with Sagittaria lancifolia (dovetail). The characterization of the support medium, water quality (inlet, outlet and internal points), modeling of the spatial distribution and kinetics of color degradation, turbidity and COD were carried out. Both trains operated with a 3-day HRT with a Qmed of 8.9 ± 3.4 m3/day. The quality of the inlet water of train 1 presents an average turbidity of 72.3 UTN, color of 1340.0 UC and COD with 373 mg/L, likewise at the entrance of train 2 the average turbidity is 69.6 UTN, color of 1,190.3 UC and COD with 373 mg/L. The degradation kinetic constant was estimated in train 1 at -0.52 days-1 for turbidity, -0.32 days-1 for color and -0.58 days-1 for COD, for train 2 of -0.47 days-1 for turbidity, -0.24 days-1 for color and -0.49 days-1 for COD. The removal efficiency for turbidity in train 1 was 65.6% and train 2 was 67.9%, for the apparent color in train 1 it was 48.8% and train 2 was 58.3% and in COD in train 1 it was 81% and for train 2 of 76%. The maximum permissible COD limit according to PROY-NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2017 is met, which is 150 mg/L.
{"title":"Removal and kinetics of basic pollutants in serially constructed wetlands","authors":"G. López-Ocaña, M. J. Romellón-Cerino, Nancy Estrada-Pérez","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.32","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the spatial distribution and kinetic coefficient of basic pollutants in the artificial wetlands (CW) of the DACBiol-UJAT wastewater treatment plant were evaluated. It consists of a sump-settler and two identical modules with HA in series 8.3 m long, 2.5 m wide and 0.5 m long. In both trains, the first HA is subsurface flow (SSFCW) with Pontederia cordata (tule) species, the second HA is free flow (FFCW) with Thalia geniculata (popal) and the last HAFL with Sagittaria lancifolia (dovetail). The characterization of the support medium, water quality (inlet, outlet and internal points), modeling of the spatial distribution and kinetics of color degradation, turbidity and COD were carried out. Both trains operated with a 3-day HRT with a Qmed of 8.9 ± 3.4 m3/day. The quality of the inlet water of train 1 presents an average turbidity of 72.3 UTN, color of 1340.0 UC and COD with 373 mg/L, likewise at the entrance of train 2 the average turbidity is 69.6 UTN, color of 1,190.3 UC and COD with 373 mg/L. The degradation kinetic constant was estimated in train 1 at -0.52 days-1 for turbidity, -0.32 days-1 for color and -0.58 days-1 for COD, for train 2 of -0.47 days-1 for turbidity, -0.24 days-1 for color and -0.49 days-1 for COD. The removal efficiency for turbidity in train 1 was 65.6% and train 2 was 67.9%, for the apparent color in train 1 it was 48.8% and train 2 was 58.3% and in COD in train 1 it was 81% and for train 2 of 76%. The maximum permissible COD limit according to PROY-NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2017 is met, which is 150 mg/L.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121325605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Pavón-Silva, E. Gutiérrez-Segura, Y. Zarazua-Aguilar, María de Lourdes Hurtado-Alva
Herein it is reported the implementation and start up of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) installed in a cellulose recovery company from multilayer packings. Initially, it was verified the treatability of the water sample by an aerobic-anaerobic biological procedure. Based on the obtained results of the initial stage, it was proposed the design, construction, start up and evaluation of the WWTP. It was achieved the total recovery of the treated water (zero discharge) and an economic benefit for the company since the available amount of water was almost enough for the requirements of the company and only a small fraction was purchased to external contractors. These principles fit well with the concept of circular economy and sustainability. The proposed WWTP configuration included the following components: sieving, activated sludges, a secondary sedimentation and a third treatment with sand filters, activated carbon and disinfection of the water. It was attained the following results: 82% of removal of oils and fats, 85% of removal of settleable solids, 70% of removal of suspended solids and 75% of removal of DBO5. Nevertheless, it was necessary the monthly utilization of an inoculum in the biological reactor to avoid the presence of pathogens in the recovered cellulose. The correct operation of the tertiary process is necessary to avoid the presence of pathogens in the recovered cellulose, likewise, zero discharge is obtained by reusing the total treated water, saving approximately 90% of the cost of water per month.
{"title":"Circular water economy: cellulose recovery industry of multilayer packaging","authors":"T. Pavón-Silva, E. Gutiérrez-Segura, Y. Zarazua-Aguilar, María de Lourdes Hurtado-Alva","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.43","url":null,"abstract":"Herein it is reported the implementation and start up of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) installed in a cellulose recovery company from multilayer packings. Initially, it was verified the treatability of the water sample by an aerobic-anaerobic biological procedure. Based on the obtained results of the initial stage, it was proposed the design, construction, start up and evaluation of the WWTP. It was achieved the total recovery of the treated water (zero discharge) and an economic benefit for the company since the available amount of water was almost enough for the requirements of the company and only a small fraction was purchased to external contractors. These principles fit well with the concept of circular economy and sustainability. The proposed WWTP configuration included the following components: sieving, activated sludges, a secondary sedimentation and a third treatment with sand filters, activated carbon and disinfection of the water. It was attained the following results: 82% of removal of oils and fats, 85% of removal of settleable solids, 70% of removal of suspended solids and 75% of removal of DBO5. Nevertheless, it was necessary the monthly utilization of an inoculum in the biological reactor to avoid the presence of pathogens in the recovered cellulose. The correct operation of the tertiary process is necessary to avoid the presence of pathogens in the recovered cellulose, likewise, zero discharge is obtained by reusing the total treated water, saving approximately 90% of the cost of water per month.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115135608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. García-Cruz, D. Campa-Guevara, N. Gallardo-Rivas, L. A. Guerrero-Zúñiga
Biomass is an alternative to using fossil fuels. It is made up mainly of agricultural and forestry residues. The main components of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignocellulose (Li, 2015). Due to the structure of lignin and its chemical properties, chemical products based on aromatic compounds and fuels can be obtained (Sangha, 2012). However, its recalcitrant nature and the difficulties encountered in effecting depolymerization, coupled with its low solubility with common organic solvents, result in conversion processes that use extreme conditions of temperature, pressure and acidity (Hicks, 2011). Ionic liquids (ILs) are advantageous solvents for the conversion of lignin to a value-added product due to their ease of dissolving it. In this work we studied the interaction of nine different ILs, formed between the [EMIM+], [BMIM+] y [HMIM+] and the anions [BF4-], [OAc-] and [Cl-], whose use has been reported in the industrial pretreatment of lignocellulose (For, 2007), and lignin dimersderived from coniferyl alcohol (one of the basic units of lignin), which contain the characteristic β-O-4 bond of the biopolymer. Born-Oppenheimer (DMBO) quantum molecular dynamics calculations were performed with the BIOVIA 2016 Materials Studio program (BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, 2017), varying the pressure and temperature conditions with the micro canonical assemblies NVE and NVT. The results obtained with the NVE and NVT assemblies show that for some LIs the interaction is favorable and for others there is a great destabilization of the Lignin-IL interaction.
{"title":"Molecular interaction between ionic liquids with lignin dimers","authors":"I. García-Cruz, D. Campa-Guevara, N. Gallardo-Rivas, L. A. Guerrero-Zúñiga","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass is an alternative to using fossil fuels. It is made up mainly of agricultural and forestry residues. The main components of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignocellulose (Li, 2015). Due to the structure of lignin and its chemical properties, chemical products based on aromatic compounds and fuels can be obtained (Sangha, 2012). However, its recalcitrant nature and the difficulties encountered in effecting depolymerization, coupled with its low solubility with common organic solvents, result in conversion processes that use extreme conditions of temperature, pressure and acidity (Hicks, 2011). Ionic liquids (ILs) are advantageous solvents for the conversion of lignin to a value-added product due to their ease of dissolving it. In this work we studied the interaction of nine different ILs, formed between the [EMIM+], [BMIM+] y [HMIM+] and the anions [BF4-], [OAc-] and [Cl-], whose use has been reported in the industrial pretreatment of lignocellulose (For, 2007), and lignin dimersderived from coniferyl alcohol (one of the basic units of lignin), which contain the characteristic β-O-4 bond of the biopolymer. Born-Oppenheimer (DMBO) quantum molecular dynamics calculations were performed with the BIOVIA 2016 Materials Studio program (BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, 2017), varying the pressure and temperature conditions with the micro canonical assemblies NVE and NVT. The results obtained with the NVE and NVT assemblies show that for some LIs the interaction is favorable and for others there is a great destabilization of the Lignin-IL interaction.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115380718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergio Martínez-Hernández, A. Hernández-Mendoza, H. Ruiz-Leza, Á. I. Ortiz-Ceballos, A. Castro-Luna, Magdiel Láinez-González
This study presents the results of acid-thermal pretreatments and enzymatic saccharification for the production of fermentable sugars from the juice and bagasse of Agave salmiana leaves. In the acid-thermal pretreatment, H2SO4 was used while in the enzymatic saccharification the commercial enzyme Cellic Ctec2 (Novozyme) was used. In the results it was found that the best conditions of the acid thermal pretreatment (H2SO4 % (v/v) at 100 ° C for 30 min) for the juice generated a concentration of 43.65 ± 1.36 g/L of reducing sugars. In bagasse, the best conditions (H2SO4 % (p/v) at 120 ° C for 60 min) produced a concentration of 37.35 ± 1.65 g/L of reducing sugars in the hydrolysates. In the enzymatic saccharification at 15 FPU/g substrate and solids load of 10 % (p/v), a concentration of 87.37 ± 1.27 g/L of reducing sugars was obtained after 72 h. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of the integral use of bagasse and juices from the leaves of Agave salmiana as raw material to produce fermentable sugars.
{"title":"Evaluation of acid-thermal pretreatments and enzymatic saccharification to obtain fermentable sugars from the juice and bagasse of Agave salmiana leaves","authors":"Sergio Martínez-Hernández, A. Hernández-Mendoza, H. Ruiz-Leza, Á. I. Ortiz-Ceballos, A. Castro-Luna, Magdiel Láinez-González","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.39","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the results of acid-thermal pretreatments and enzymatic saccharification for the production of fermentable sugars from the juice and bagasse of Agave salmiana leaves. In the acid-thermal pretreatment, H2SO4 was used while in the enzymatic saccharification the commercial enzyme Cellic Ctec2 (Novozyme) was used. In the results it was found that the best conditions of the acid thermal pretreatment (H2SO4 % (v/v) at 100 ° C for 30 min) for the juice generated a concentration of 43.65 ± 1.36 g/L of reducing sugars. In bagasse, the best conditions (H2SO4 % (p/v) at 120 ° C for 60 min) produced a concentration of 37.35 ± 1.65 g/L of reducing sugars in the hydrolysates. In the enzymatic saccharification at 15 FPU/g substrate and solids load of 10 % (p/v), a concentration of 87.37 ± 1.27 g/L of reducing sugars was obtained after 72 h. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of the integral use of bagasse and juices from the leaves of Agave salmiana as raw material to produce fermentable sugars.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125759699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. J. Valades-Pelayo, Luis Ángel Castillo-Cruz, Eduardo Martínez-Niño, Neri Jocelyn Carmona-Ascencio, H. Avila-Paredes
Currently, the demand for carotenoid pigments of natural origin has increased due to their diverse application in the industry. One of the natural sources of these compounds are microalgae, which are photosynthetic organisms of high biotechnological value. The production of carotenoid pigments from microalgal cultures are in the scope of sustainability but faces the challenge of optimizing the design and operation of new technologies; biomass production is first maximized and subsequently subjected to stress to induce the synthesis and accumulation of this type of pigments. In this context, the design and scaling of photobioreactors (FBRs) for the cultivation of microalgae is crucial for this type of process. The main objective of the present research work is focused on the application of a new experimental methodology to estimate the radiative characteristics of a microalgae quickly and independently in suspension. Strain Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 2714 (shows high growth rates and accumulate carotenoids such as canthaxanthin and astaxanthin) was used as sample. Extinction coefficient (β), albedo (ω) and asymmetry parameter (g) of the phase function (Φ) were estimated. These parameters define the solution of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) and they are fundamental to characterize the effect of microalgae on radiative transport within any FBR. Both β, and ωwere estimated at different concentrations of microalgae in suspension and were independent of the biomass concentration under the experimental conditions. This study suggests that Φ of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 2714 can be described using the Henyey-Greenstein model. The radiative characterization of the microalgae was achieved, which is essential for the description of the radiative transport within a FBR and the development of better kinetic models for the scaling of this type of bioprocess.
{"title":"Experimental determination of radiative characteristics of carotenoid-producing microalgae","authors":"P. J. Valades-Pelayo, Luis Ángel Castillo-Cruz, Eduardo Martínez-Niño, Neri Jocelyn Carmona-Ascencio, H. Avila-Paredes","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.37","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the demand for carotenoid pigments of natural origin has increased due to their diverse application in the industry. One of the natural sources of these compounds are microalgae, which are photosynthetic organisms of high biotechnological value. The production of carotenoid pigments from microalgal cultures are in the scope of sustainability but faces the challenge of optimizing the design and operation of new technologies; biomass production is first maximized and subsequently subjected to stress to induce the synthesis and accumulation of this type of pigments. In this context, the design and scaling of photobioreactors (FBRs) for the cultivation of microalgae is crucial for this type of process. The main objective of the present research work is focused on the application of a new experimental methodology to estimate the radiative characteristics of a microalgae quickly and independently in suspension. Strain Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 2714 (shows high growth rates and accumulate carotenoids such as canthaxanthin and astaxanthin) was used as sample. Extinction coefficient (β), albedo (ω) and asymmetry parameter (g) of the phase function (Φ) were estimated. These parameters define the solution of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) and they are fundamental to characterize the effect of microalgae on radiative transport within any FBR. Both β, and ωwere estimated at different concentrations of microalgae in suspension and were independent of the biomass concentration under the experimental conditions. This study suggests that Φ of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 2714 can be described using the Henyey-Greenstein model. The radiative characterization of the microalgae was achieved, which is essential for the description of the radiative transport within a FBR and the development of better kinetic models for the scaling of this type of bioprocess.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116901267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Uzárraga-Salazar, Yamilet Nallely Reyes-Ramírez, Tania García-Herrera, E. Flores‐Andrade, M. Castillo-Morales
In Mexico, it is estimated that the amount of residues produced by the planting of the ten main crops is approximately 45 million tons of dry matter, of which just over 25 million tons are corn cob. The corn cob contains large amounts of hemicellulose, mainly composed of xylan, which can have various industrial uses. For this reason, in the present study, fresh and dry corn cob was used with two particle sizes: 0.105 mm and 0.42 mm, to carry out an exhaustive alkaline extraction of xylan and where eight fractions of hemicelluloses extracts were obtained. Each of the fractions were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis for eight hours with a commercial xylanase (Livanol Devisco 1500) and as internal control, beechwood xylan (Sigma Aldrich, X4252) was used, of which only 6.9 ± 2.25 g/L were released. reducing sugars. It was found that the fractions from the steam treatment and the fraction from the alkaline extraction precipitated with alcohol, both for fresh corn cob, were released a quantity of reducing sugars very similar to commercial xylan with 7.10 ± 2.02 and 7.24 ± 0.37 g/L, respectively. Finally, it was possible to determine that although the 8 fractions obtained in the present study can be used as substrates to determine the xylanase enzymatic activity, the best was the fraction of the alkaline extraction since 0.236 ± 0.03 IU/mL were quantified, while for the commercial substrate (beechwood xylan) an activity of 0.287 ± 0.01 IU/mL was obtained.
{"title":"Use of corn cob through xylan extraction and its potential use as a substrate for the quantification of xylanase enzymatic activity","authors":"R. Uzárraga-Salazar, Yamilet Nallely Reyes-Ramírez, Tania García-Herrera, E. Flores‐Andrade, M. Castillo-Morales","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.41","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, it is estimated that the amount of residues produced by the planting of the ten main crops is approximately 45 million tons of dry matter, of which just over 25 million tons are corn cob. The corn cob contains large amounts of hemicellulose, mainly composed of xylan, which can have various industrial uses. For this reason, in the present study, fresh and dry corn cob was used with two particle sizes: 0.105 mm and 0.42 mm, to carry out an exhaustive alkaline extraction of xylan and where eight fractions of hemicelluloses extracts were obtained. Each of the fractions were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis for eight hours with a commercial xylanase (Livanol Devisco 1500) and as internal control, beechwood xylan (Sigma Aldrich, X4252) was used, of which only 6.9 ± 2.25 g/L were released. reducing sugars. It was found that the fractions from the steam treatment and the fraction from the alkaline extraction precipitated with alcohol, both for fresh corn cob, were released a quantity of reducing sugars very similar to commercial xylan with 7.10 ± 2.02 and 7.24 ± 0.37 g/L, respectively. Finally, it was possible to determine that although the 8 fractions obtained in the present study can be used as substrates to determine the xylanase enzymatic activity, the best was the fraction of the alkaline extraction since 0.236 ± 0.03 IU/mL were quantified, while for the commercial substrate (beechwood xylan) an activity of 0.287 ± 0.01 IU/mL was obtained.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128525307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selena Gutiérrez-Flores, L. García-Barrera, Daniel Zárate-Saldaña, Jorge A. Cruz-Morales
In recent decades, it has been tried to develop processes that involve the use of catalysts that can be recovered from the reaction medium, to make them green and sustainable. Approximately, 90 % of all processes in chemistry and petrochemicals use heterogeneous catalysts. In this sense, the supported heterogeneous catalysts present advantages in the purification of the products and the reduction of costs. In the present work, the synthesis of a new heterogeneous supported catalyst, highly active in the metathesis reaction, based on a ruthenium-alkylidene complex, was carried out. The new catalyst was obtained by anchoring of dichloro[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene](benzylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium (II) (second generation Grubbs) in various silylated polymeric gels, based on 2-norbornene-5,6-dicarboxylic anhydride (NDA) and cis-cyclooctene (CO) cross-linked with various percentages of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) (5%, 15%, 100%). The new heterogeneous catalyst was successfully used in the depolymerization reaction via metathesis of natural rubber from Oaxaca (HNO), using 1-octene as CTA; observing the formation of liquid oligomers, achieving a decrease in molecular weight from 137.941 g/mol to 297 g/mol; proving, in this way, its high effectiveness.
{"title":"Synthesis of heterogeneous metathesis catalysts for the development of sustainable processes","authors":"Selena Gutiérrez-Flores, L. García-Barrera, Daniel Zárate-Saldaña, Jorge A. Cruz-Morales","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.40","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In recent decades, it has been tried to develop processes that involve the use of catalysts that can be recovered from the reaction medium, to make them green and sustainable. Approximately, 90 % of all processes in chemistry and petrochemicals use heterogeneous catalysts. In this sense, the supported heterogeneous catalysts present advantages in the purification of the products and the reduction of costs. In the present work, the synthesis of a new heterogeneous supported catalyst, highly active in the metathesis reaction, based on a ruthenium-alkylidene complex, was carried out. The new catalyst was obtained by anchoring of dichloro[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene](benzylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium (II) (second generation Grubbs) in various silylated polymeric gels, based on 2-norbornene-5,6-dicarboxylic anhydride (NDA) and cis-cyclooctene (CO) cross-linked with various percentages of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) (5%, 15%, 100%). The new heterogeneous catalyst was successfully used in the depolymerization reaction via metathesis of natural rubber from Oaxaca (HNO), using 1-octene as CTA; observing the formation of liquid oligomers, achieving a decrease in molecular weight from 137.941 g/mol to 297 g/mol; proving, in this way, its high effectiveness. \u0000","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133221766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. N. Ardila-Arias, Hely Johana-Restrepo, Johan Steven Valencia-Duarte, E. Arriola-Villaseñor, Santiago Bedoya-Betancur, Juan David Valencia-González
Cellulose fibers were obtained from banana pseudostem residues by two different chemical routes: 30% sodium hydroxide and 8% hydrogen peroxide. The average yields obtained were 24.4% and 49.3%, respectively. Additionally, according to the SEM results, more fibrillous material is obtained under alkaline conditions. On the other hand, XRD diffractograms of the materials obtained by both methods, show similarities, however, a peak in 2θ = 16 ° in the material treated with H2O2, suggests that the material that was not completely degraded and therefore concluding greater effectiveness with the alkali treatment. Thus, the results obtained to date are not conclusive, therefore, the fibers obtained are still characterized by other complementary SEM analyzes and other techniques to define their dimensions and morphology with greater precision and from these results determine the possible products of the paper industry for which said fibers could be used.
{"title":"Evaluation of the extraction of cellulose fibers from banana pseudostems with potential use in the paper industry","authors":"A. N. Ardila-Arias, Hely Johana-Restrepo, Johan Steven Valencia-Duarte, E. Arriola-Villaseñor, Santiago Bedoya-Betancur, Juan David Valencia-González","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose fibers were obtained from banana pseudostem residues by two different chemical routes: 30% sodium hydroxide and 8% hydrogen peroxide. The average yields obtained were 24.4% and 49.3%, respectively. Additionally, according to the SEM results, more fibrillous material is obtained under alkaline conditions. On the other hand, XRD diffractograms of the materials obtained by both methods, show similarities, however, a peak in 2θ = 16 ° in the material treated with H2O2, suggests that the material that was not completely degraded and therefore concluding greater effectiveness with the alkali treatment. Thus, the results obtained to date are not conclusive, therefore, the fibers obtained are still characterized by other complementary SEM analyzes and other techniques to define their dimensions and morphology with greater precision and from these results determine the possible products of the paper industry for which said fibers could be used.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127614402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Failures in photovoltaic systems are a problem of great importance because they cause a deterioration in the production of electrical energy, among which is the dust on the surface of the photovoltaic system. This paper proposes a method to detect dust on the surface of a photovoltaic system in series configuration. In addition, shows by visual inspection that the IV characteristic of a photovoltaic panel is equal to the IV characteristic of a photovoltaic system. To obtain the results, 120 signals were used, 60 for the design of the method and the rest for the validation of the method. The proposed method only yielded 2 false positives out of 30 signals where there was no fault present.
{"title":"Non-coherent detection of dust in photovoltaic systems in series configuration using Lipschitz exponent","authors":"D. Seuret-Jiménez, Eduardo Trutié-Carrero","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v2i2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v2i2.27","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Failures in photovoltaic systems are a problem of great importance because they cause a deterioration in the production of electrical energy, among which is the dust on the surface of the photovoltaic system. This paper proposes a method to detect dust on the surface of a photovoltaic system in series configuration. In addition, shows by visual inspection that the IV characteristic of a photovoltaic panel is equal to the IV characteristic of a photovoltaic system. To obtain the results, 120 signals were used, 60 for the design of the method and the rest for the validation of the method. The proposed method only yielded 2 false positives out of 30 signals where there was no fault present. \u0000","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127312355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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