Inés Adriana Juárez-García, R. Snell-Castro, J. M. Méndez-Contreras, N. A. Vallejo-Cantú, Alejandro Alavarado-Lassman, E. S. Rosas-Mendoza
Inadequate management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and the energy crisis due to dependence on fossil fuels (carbon and hydrocarbons) are growing problems in Latin American countries such as Mexico. These problems are caused by various factors, including the lack of infrastructure and the limited development of technologies focused on addressing these areas. In Mexico, between 37.55 and 43.84 million tons of MSW are generated annually, while 5,896 PJ of fossil fuels are produced in the same period, contributing strongly to environmental pollution due to inadequate management and procurement-use processes respectively. In order to mitigate these problems, it is necessary to propose dual-purpose strategies, such as anaerobic digestion, that can help in the treatment of the organic fraction of MSW (OFMSW) and at the same time producing biogas as a renewable energy source. For these reasons, the aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of an anaerobic biofilm reactor through increases in the Organic Loading Rate (OLR) using the liquid fraction of the OFMSW as a substrate for biogas production. An anaerobic biofilm reactor called the Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor (AHR) was used to carry out this stud. The performance of the AHR in four stages applying different OLR values from 5 to 21 gCOD/L.d was analyzed. Anaerobic biofilm formation, pH, %COD and %solids removal, alkalinity, biogas production, and methane yield were evaluated. After 119 days of reactor operation, 93.45% colonization of the inverse fluidized bed, 85% total and soluble COD and removals greater than 80% for TS and VS, alkalinity less than 0.3, around 20 L of biogas per day with methane yields of 0.31 LCH4 at STP/gCODrem were obtained. The use of high OLR allows a larger volume of OFMSW liquid fraction to be treated producing a greater quantity of biogas with an excellent methane yield, thus demonstrating the high efficiency of the AHR.
{"title":"Performance of an anaerobic biofilm reactor through the application of different operational conditions","authors":"Inés Adriana Juárez-García, R. Snell-Castro, J. M. Méndez-Contreras, N. A. Vallejo-Cantú, Alejandro Alavarado-Lassman, E. S. Rosas-Mendoza","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v4i1.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v4i1.71","url":null,"abstract":"Inadequate management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and the energy crisis due to dependence on fossil fuels (carbon and hydrocarbons) are growing problems in Latin American countries such as Mexico. These problems are caused by various factors, including the lack of infrastructure and the limited development of technologies focused on addressing these areas. In Mexico, between 37.55 and 43.84 million tons of MSW are generated annually, while 5,896 PJ of fossil fuels are produced in the same period, contributing strongly to environmental pollution due to inadequate management and procurement-use processes respectively. In order to mitigate these problems, it is necessary to propose dual-purpose strategies, such as anaerobic digestion, that can help in the treatment of the organic fraction of MSW (OFMSW) and at the same time producing biogas as a renewable energy source. For these reasons, the aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of an anaerobic biofilm reactor through increases in the Organic Loading Rate (OLR) using the liquid fraction of the OFMSW as a substrate for biogas production. An anaerobic biofilm reactor called the Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor (AHR) was used to carry out this stud. The performance of the AHR in four stages applying different OLR values from 5 to 21 gCOD/L.d was analyzed. Anaerobic biofilm formation, pH, %COD and %solids removal, alkalinity, biogas production, and methane yield were evaluated. After 119 days of reactor operation, 93.45% colonization of the inverse fluidized bed, 85% total and soluble COD and removals greater than 80% for TS and VS, alkalinity less than 0.3, around 20 L of biogas per day with methane yields of 0.31 LCH4 at STP/gCODrem were obtained. The use of high OLR allows a larger volume of OFMSW liquid fraction to be treated producing a greater quantity of biogas with an excellent methane yield, thus demonstrating the high efficiency of the AHR.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131931003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anel Magaña-Flores, G. López-Ocaña, Mario José Romellón-Cerino
Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays, so it is relevant to study improvements in the wastewater treatment system. In this work, the kinetics of experimental degradation of basic pollutants were evaluated, as well as the behavior of their spatial distribution, within a subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW) with Pontederia cordata. To achieve so, a factor design was made with five treatments at different planting distances within wetland (0, 0.42, 1.25, 2.08 and 2.4 m) with three replicates and nine sampling points. The experimental reactors showed a hydraulic retention time of 4.5 days, treating 185.1±58.6 L/day of wastewater, with river gravel as support medium with a volume of 0.66±0.05 m3, porosity n=56±3.5%, density of 2670±19.3 kg/m3, allowing a water volume of 0.1±0.05 m3. In the evaluation phase, a k of -0.37 days-1 was obtained, removing 81.8% of BOD5 and 70% turbidity. With the modeling of the spatial distribution, it was demonstrated that the biomass (microorganisms) adhered to the support medium, as well as the BOD5, have a significant decrease related to the distance within the SSFCW throughout the reactor. The contaminant removal efficiency is presented from the distance 2.08 to 2.4 m in length within the experimental wetland.
{"title":"Kinetic behavior and modeling the space distribution of basic pollutants in a subsurface flow constructed wetlands with Pontederia cordata","authors":"Anel Magaña-Flores, G. López-Ocaña, Mario José Romellón-Cerino","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v4i1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v4i1.64","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays, so it is relevant to study improvements in the wastewater treatment system. In this work, the kinetics of experimental degradation of basic pollutants were evaluated, as well as the behavior of their spatial distribution, within a subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW) with Pontederia cordata. To achieve so, a factor design was made with five treatments at different planting distances within wetland (0, 0.42, 1.25, 2.08 and 2.4 m) with three replicates and nine sampling points. The experimental reactors showed a hydraulic retention time of 4.5 days, treating 185.1±58.6 L/day of wastewater, with river gravel as support medium with a volume of 0.66±0.05 m3, porosity n=56±3.5%, density of 2670±19.3 kg/m3, allowing a water volume of 0.1±0.05 m3. In the evaluation phase, a k of -0.37 days-1 was obtained, removing 81.8% of BOD5 and 70% turbidity. With the modeling of the spatial distribution, it was demonstrated that the biomass (microorganisms) adhered to the support medium, as well as the BOD5, have a significant decrease related to the distance within the SSFCW throughout the reactor. The contaminant removal efficiency is presented from the distance 2.08 to 2.4 m in length within the experimental wetland.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126807181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Territory and population of Guadalajara metropolitan area has grown in recent decades, to address the challenges that come along with planning, management, and urban development. Public policies are building by the local government, however, the loss of geographical and social limits, the actions generated by local government have a direct impact on other districts. To achieve tan equitable and sustainable metropolis, its necessary the metropolitan governance, to make a collaborative work and clearly guidelines to action. Faced with a clear problem at the metropolitan scale with solutions at the local level and uncoordinated forces to build and implement public policies; this paper analyzes the exercise of governance on the integral management of urban waste to the construction of sustainable and equitable public policies in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara. The research is based on a Delphi method, interviews with representative actors of different involucrate sectors and a documentary review for a comprehensive analysis. Finally, the knowledge of the research presented here; has increased in importance given the recent approval of the Metropolitan Climate Action Plan. The municipalities that make up the metropolis must align themselves and unite their efforts for a sustainable development.
{"title":"An assessment of key factors to a metropolitan governance for the construction of sustainable urban public policies for the integral management of solid waste in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara","authors":"Erika Alejandra Fregoso-Cuenca","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.48","url":null,"abstract":"Territory and population of Guadalajara metropolitan area has grown in recent decades, to address the challenges that come along with planning, management, and urban development. Public policies are building by the local government, however, the loss of geographical and social limits, the actions generated by local government have a direct impact on other districts. To achieve tan equitable and sustainable metropolis, its necessary the metropolitan governance, to make a collaborative work and clearly guidelines to action. Faced with a clear problem at the metropolitan scale with solutions at the local level and uncoordinated forces to build and implement public policies; this paper analyzes the exercise of governance on the integral management of urban waste to the construction of sustainable and equitable public policies in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara. The research is based on a Delphi method, interviews with representative actors of different involucrate sectors and a documentary review for a comprehensive analysis. Finally, the knowledge of the research presented here; has increased in importance given the recent approval of the Metropolitan Climate Action Plan. The municipalities that make up the metropolis must align themselves and unite their efforts for a sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114805576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Torres-Aldaco, Jessica Torres-Cervantes, R. Lugo-Leyte, H. Lugo-Méndez
Biodiesel production is carried out through homogeneous catalysis that forms complex reaction mixtures and has high operating costs. The aim of this work is to synthesize basic, active and selective heterogeneous catalysts for the transesterification reaction with vegetable oils employing g-alumina as support and potassium as active species. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The amount of catalyst used in the reaction was scanned in a range of 1-10% w, obtaining a maximum conversion of 85% at 55 °C with 6.5% w/w of catalyst with respect to the reagent load and with a methanol-oil molar ratio of 6: 1, reaching equilibrium conversion at six hours. The catalysts were tested at 40, 45, 50 and 55 °C in the transesterification reaction using refined sunflower oil and anhydrous methanol as reagents in a 6: 1 ratio. The 40% K catalyst obtained the best conversion at 55 °C with 85% and showed a selectivity of 45%.
{"title":"Potassium catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 to produce biodiesel","authors":"A. Torres-Aldaco, Jessica Torres-Cervantes, R. Lugo-Leyte, H. Lugo-Méndez","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.49","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Biodiesel production is carried out through homogeneous catalysis that forms complex reaction mixtures and has high operating costs. The aim of this work is to synthesize basic, active and selective heterogeneous catalysts for the transesterification reaction with vegetable oils employing g-alumina as support and potassium as active species. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The amount of catalyst used in the reaction was scanned in a range of 1-10% w, obtaining a maximum conversion of 85% at 55 °C with 6.5% w/w of catalyst with respect to the reagent load and with a methanol-oil molar ratio of 6: 1, reaching equilibrium conversion at six hours. The catalysts were tested at 40, 45, 50 and 55 °C in the transesterification reaction using refined sunflower oil and anhydrous methanol as reagents in a 6: 1 ratio. The 40% K catalyst obtained the best conversion at 55 °C with 85% and showed a selectivity of 45%. \u0000","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122050120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for higher crop productivity per unit area due to the growing population of the world is an extreme need, one of the possible approaches to cover this type of needs is photovoltaic solar irrigation systems. Considering the availability of solar radiation and the lack of electrical energy in the experimental study area, the design of a solar photovoltaic drip irrigation system is justified in an experimental area of 60 m² under shade mesh in Cosamaloapan, Veracruz, where the estimation of the solar radiation was carried out with the model provided according to the geographical location by means of the FAO CROPWAT software. For the calculation of evapotranspiration, the Penman-Monteith method was used, the data of the cultivation coefficient (Kc) were taken from the guide for the determination of the water requirements of the FAO crops and later these data were annexed to the aforementioned software for subsequent processing in the calculation of the water requirement of the crop. The main objective of this work was to design a photovoltaic solar irrigation system for the evaluation of phenology in the jalapeño pepper (Capsicum annuum, L.) under shade mesh. The analysis of the results indicates that during the months that included the development of the research, a daily average of 10.5 MJ/m² (2.91 Kwh/m²) was presented, which allowed charging the 9 A and 12 V battery in a time of 4 hours at 80 % charging efficiency through the 50 W solar panel used. The 70 W irrigation pump used was operated daily in a time of 16 minutes to cover the water demand of each plant (260 ml).
{"title":"Design of a photovoltaic solar irrigation system for the evaluation of phenology in jalapeño pepper","authors":"Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Chiunti, Adán Vidal-Gamboa","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.56","url":null,"abstract":"The need for higher crop productivity per unit area due to the growing population of the world is an extreme need, one of the possible approaches to cover this type of needs is photovoltaic solar irrigation systems. Considering the availability of solar radiation and the lack of electrical energy in the experimental study area, the design of a solar photovoltaic drip irrigation system is justified in an experimental area of 60 m² under shade mesh in Cosamaloapan, Veracruz, where the estimation of the solar radiation was carried out with the model provided according to the geographical location by means of the FAO CROPWAT software. For the calculation of evapotranspiration, the Penman-Monteith method was used, the data of the cultivation coefficient (Kc) were taken from the guide for the determination of the water requirements of the FAO crops and later these data were annexed to the aforementioned software for subsequent processing in the calculation of the water requirement of the crop. The main objective of this work was to design a photovoltaic solar irrigation system for the evaluation of phenology in the jalapeño pepper (Capsicum annuum, L.) under shade mesh. The analysis of the results indicates that during the months that included the development of the research, a daily average of 10.5 MJ/m² (2.91 Kwh/m²) was presented, which allowed charging the 9 A and 12 V battery in a time of 4 hours at 80 % charging efficiency through the 50 W solar panel used. The 70 W irrigation pump used was operated daily in a time of 16 minutes to cover the water demand of each plant (260 ml).","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131576098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Conde-Barajas, Héctor Iván Bedolla-Rivera, M. Negrete-Rodríguez, Sandra Lizeth Galván-Díaz, M. Samaniego-Hernández, F. P. Gámez-Vázquez
Urban biosolids present a considerable concentration of nutrients, which are currently wasted and deposited in landfills causing environmental contamination. In the present study, a dimensionality reduction technique is used to select indicators with a higher relationship in their variability. Subsequently, a multivariate nonlinear regression process is used to establish an equation that allows predicting the behavior of the soluble organic carbon indicator. The indicators with the greatest relationship with the variability of the data analyzed were N-NO3-, N-NH4+/N-NO3- and IES. The resulting model presented a correlation of 30% with the soluble organic carbon indicator in the composting systems.
{"title":"C and N Mineralization Dynamics in Composts: Prediction of Soluble Organic Carbon by Multiple Nonlinear Regression","authors":"E. Conde-Barajas, Héctor Iván Bedolla-Rivera, M. Negrete-Rodríguez, Sandra Lizeth Galván-Díaz, M. Samaniego-Hernández, F. P. Gámez-Vázquez","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.55","url":null,"abstract":"Urban biosolids present a considerable concentration of nutrients, which are currently wasted and deposited in landfills causing environmental contamination. In the present study, a dimensionality reduction technique is used to select indicators with a higher relationship in their variability. Subsequently, a multivariate nonlinear regression process is used to establish an equation that allows predicting the behavior of the soluble organic carbon indicator. The indicators with the greatest relationship with the variability of the data analyzed were N-NO3-, N-NH4+/N-NO3- and IES. The resulting model presented a correlation of 30% with the soluble organic carbon indicator in the composting systems.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125307373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. F. Juárez-Santillán, Saúl Bonilla-Cruz, Juan Pablo Reyes-Gómez, Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz, Jocabel Extocapan-Molina, Julio Alfonso Armenta-Barrios
The use of environmentally friendly growth promoters and chemical agents in agricultural production is an important and favorable challenge, since it would reduce the use of agrochemicals and therefore less pollution for the field. The main objectives of this study were to make treatments on corn crops with auxins, gibberellins and hydrogen peroxide; as well as determining what the main positive or negative effects are. A factorial experiment design was carried out with five experiments which were: 1) auxins, 2) gibberellins, 3) Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 4) auxins-gibberellins and 5) control; the crop was corn, soil and plant samplings were made every 20 days, the variables analyzed in the plant were stem diameter, stem size, number of leaves and root size; the soil was analyzed for nitrites, nitrates, pH, EC and Eh; a statistical analysis was performed with these (ANOVA and Tukey's test). The five experiments were carried out and according to the results obtained, it can be said that the best treatments are those in which H2O2 and auxins were used, since these were in which the crop presented the highest values of the variables analyzed in the plant. These results suggest that in subsequent studies experiments using phytohormones and H2O2 together.
{"title":"Evaluation of phytohormones and hydrogen peroxide in the corn crop (Zea mays L.)","authors":"L. F. Juárez-Santillán, Saúl Bonilla-Cruz, Juan Pablo Reyes-Gómez, Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz, Jocabel Extocapan-Molina, Julio Alfonso Armenta-Barrios","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.60","url":null,"abstract":"The use of environmentally friendly growth promoters and chemical agents in agricultural production is an important and favorable challenge, since it would reduce the use of agrochemicals and therefore less pollution for the field. The main objectives of this study were to make treatments on corn crops with auxins, gibberellins and hydrogen peroxide; as well as determining what the main positive or negative effects are. A factorial experiment design was carried out with five experiments which were: 1) auxins, 2) gibberellins, 3) Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 4) auxins-gibberellins and 5) control; the crop was corn, soil and plant samplings were made every 20 days, the variables analyzed in the plant were stem diameter, stem size, number of leaves and root size; the soil was analyzed for nitrites, nitrates, pH, EC and Eh; a statistical analysis was performed with these (ANOVA and Tukey's test). The five experiments were carried out and according to the results obtained, it can be said that the best treatments are those in which H2O2 and auxins were used, since these were in which the crop presented the highest values of the variables analyzed in the plant. These results suggest that in subsequent studies experiments using phytohormones and H2O2 together.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124792075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. García-Lara, Amir Alexander Velázquez-Dominguez, Yair Yosias Arriola-Gil, Miguel García-Yera
The ray-tracing method is commonly used for solar concentrator analysis. The simulation process consists of an initialization phase where all the input parameters are defined, followed by a simulation cycle that runs through all time instants to later move on to the final evaluation phase. The proposed method includes computational simulation, carrying out a study of the impact of two specific variables: (1) the distribution ratio of the heliostats given a fixed area and (2) the position of the target. The first being the ratio m:n that corresponds to the arrangement and distribution of the mirrors throughout the available area, where m represents the distance of the field along the East-West axis and n represents the distance of the field along the North-South axis. On the other hand, the target is placed on the northern edge of the heliostat field and only depends on its position on the East-West axis. The main interest is to determine where more energy is harvest by the heliostat field. It was shown through simulation in TracePro and results from processing in Matlab, that, for a location in Monterrey, NL, Mexico (25° N, 100° W) with an area of 75 m², an average of 100 kWh of energy can be harvest per day throughout the year with 72 mirrors of half a square meter each. This simulation was carried out using real direct radiation data.
{"title":"Heliostat field evaluation using ray tracing software","authors":"H. García-Lara, Amir Alexander Velázquez-Dominguez, Yair Yosias Arriola-Gil, Miguel García-Yera","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.46","url":null,"abstract":"The ray-tracing method is commonly used for solar concentrator analysis. The simulation process consists of an initialization phase where all the input parameters are defined, followed by a simulation cycle that runs through all time instants to later move on to the final evaluation phase. The proposed method includes computational simulation, carrying out a study of the impact of two specific variables: (1) the distribution ratio of the heliostats given a fixed area and (2) the position of the target. The first being the ratio m:n that corresponds to the arrangement and distribution of the mirrors throughout the available area, where m represents the distance of the field along the East-West axis and n represents the distance of the field along the North-South axis. On the other hand, the target is placed on the northern edge of the heliostat field and only depends on its position on the East-West axis. The main interest is to determine where more energy is harvest by the heliostat field. It was shown through simulation in TracePro and results from processing in Matlab, that, for a location in Monterrey, NL, Mexico (25° N, 100° W) with an area of 75 m², an average of 100 kWh of energy can be harvest per day throughout the year with 72 mirrors of half a square meter each. This simulation was carried out using real direct radiation data.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"104 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131284678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. García-González, Grecia Carolina Ramón-Montejo, A. Durán-Moreno
This work proposes the generation of a preliminary project based on the biological treatment process called the Tubular Biological Reactor (RBT), to treat the wastewater discharges that contaminate the Xochimilco canals. The main focus of the work is: through the use of the FEL methodology to generate a design for the installation of a small wastewater treatment plant and thus be able to establish a treatment train based on RBT technology and thus translate it into a diagram of process blocks, subsequently constructing the Process Flow Diagram (DFP) which includes the pre-treatment equipment and main treatments that make up the treatment train, a material balance was prepared that considers urban wastewater as effluent in the tributary of the plant, the systems analyzed in the mass balance are; pretreatment, the sludge produced by the biological reactor as well as its treatment, the aeration systems and the disinfection of the effluent. To comply with NOM- 003- SEMARNAT-1997. With the complete mass balance, the pipeline and instrumentation diagram (DTI) was built and a Layout diagram was made to locate the equipment, this methodology allowed to generate a design that can be applied at various points of the Xochimilco channels, mainly where sewage discharges occur. wastewater treatment; tubular biological reactor.
{"title":"Design of the installation of a small wastewater treatment plant using a Tubular Biological Reactor in the Xochimilco canals","authors":"S. A. García-González, Grecia Carolina Ramón-Montejo, A. Durán-Moreno","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.53","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes the generation of a preliminary project based on the biological treatment process called the Tubular Biological Reactor (RBT), to treat the wastewater discharges that contaminate the Xochimilco canals. The main focus of the work is: through the use of the FEL methodology to generate a design for the installation of a small wastewater treatment plant and thus be able to establish a treatment train based on RBT technology and thus translate it into a diagram of process blocks, subsequently constructing the Process Flow Diagram (DFP) which includes the pre-treatment equipment and main treatments that make up the treatment train, a material balance was prepared that considers urban wastewater as effluent in the tributary of the plant, the systems analyzed in the mass balance are; pretreatment, the sludge produced by the biological reactor as well as its treatment, the aeration systems and the disinfection of the effluent. To comply with NOM- 003- SEMARNAT-1997. With the complete mass balance, the pipeline and instrumentation diagram (DTI) was built and a Layout diagram was made to locate the equipment, this methodology allowed to generate a design that can be applied at various points of the Xochimilco channels, mainly where sewage discharges occur. wastewater treatment; tubular biological reactor.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"43 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114027623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The result of 11 years of work for the creation and strengthening of capacities for research and technological development in renewable energies in Mexico, carried out by a Public Research Center, is presented. The project began incipiently in 2010, with a group of 6 mechanical engineers and currently there are a total of 19 people including doctors, master’s degree, and engineers, as well as technical-administrative facilities and laboratories to attend the following research lines: Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy, Wind energy, Bioenergy, Mini-hydroelectric, and Energy efficiency. The growth of the line of work was based on the project execution linked to real needs and the management of various national research funds, which allowed the assimilation of knowledge, the training of human resources, the creation and dissemination of knowledge, the generation of intellectual property and the establishment of strategic alliances. The lines of greatest interest to both the government and the productive sector are in solar thermal energy for the development of hybrid systems in fluid heating, and the wind energy line for the development of medium and low power horizontal axis wind turbines.
{"title":"Creation of national facilities for the promotion of renewable energies in CIATEQ A.C.","authors":"A. Escamilla-Martínez, I. Hernández-Arriaga","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.61","url":null,"abstract":"The result of 11 years of work for the creation and strengthening of capacities for research and technological development in renewable energies in Mexico, carried out by a Public Research Center, is presented. The project began incipiently in 2010, with a group of 6 mechanical engineers and currently there are a total of 19 people including doctors, master’s degree, and engineers, as well as technical-administrative facilities and laboratories to attend the following research lines: Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy, Wind energy, Bioenergy, Mini-hydroelectric, and Energy efficiency. The growth of the line of work was based on the project execution linked to real needs and the management of various national research funds, which allowed the assimilation of knowledge, the training of human resources, the creation and dissemination of knowledge, the generation of intellectual property and the establishment of strategic alliances. The lines of greatest interest to both the government and the productive sector are in solar thermal energy for the development of hybrid systems in fluid heating, and the wind energy line for the development of medium and low power horizontal axis wind turbines.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124191412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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