Guadalupe Michel-Parra, Luz Adriana Vizcaíno-Rodríguez, Nereida Yuriko Aguilar-Corona, Juan Luis Caro-Becerra, Pedro Alonso Mayoral-Ruíz
The application of microalgae in bioremediation processes is studied to remove toxic components and ions excess that cause eutrophication. Algae use the nutrients excess present in the water to produce biomass through photosynthesis. On the other way, microalgae are used in environmental monitoring, these organisms are sensitive to both natural and anthropogenic pollutants, which promote or inhibit cell and population growth. The present study aimed to determine an optimal matrix for the immobilization of Chlorella sp. It is a native species of the region. The matrices tested were 4 % calcium alginate and 4 % alginate-agar. For the culture, Bold's medium was used, and growth kinetics were carried out for each treatment in Bach-type culture, during 21 days of incubation. The response variables were maximum cell concentration, cell viability and conservation of the spheres. The maximum cell concentration was 1.07x106 cells.mL and it was reached after 15 days of culture, in 4% alginate spheres. The doubling time was 0.162 and 0.141 for Chlorella sp. Retained in 4 % alginate matrix and 4 % alginate agar, respectively. Regarding the quality of the spheres, after 15 days of culture, the disintegration process of the Alginate-Agar immobilization system began. The alginate spheres remained unchanged for the 21 days of the experiment. In conclusion, the best treatment for the immobilization of Chlorella sp was obtained when 4 % alginate was used, and it is recommended to continue the studies for the development of the bioremediation system, biomass production and biosensors.
{"title":"Chlorella sp. immobilized with application in the treatment, monitoring of water and biomass production","authors":"Guadalupe Michel-Parra, Luz Adriana Vizcaíno-Rodríguez, Nereida Yuriko Aguilar-Corona, Juan Luis Caro-Becerra, Pedro Alonso Mayoral-Ruíz","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.54","url":null,"abstract":"The application of microalgae in bioremediation processes is studied to remove toxic components and ions excess that cause eutrophication. Algae use the nutrients excess present in the water to produce biomass through photosynthesis. On the other way, microalgae are used in environmental monitoring, these organisms are sensitive to both natural and anthropogenic pollutants, which promote or inhibit cell and population growth. The present study aimed to determine an optimal matrix for the immobilization of Chlorella sp. It is a native species of the region. The matrices tested were 4 % calcium alginate and 4 % alginate-agar. For the culture, Bold's medium was used, and growth kinetics were carried out for each treatment in Bach-type culture, during 21 days of incubation. The response variables were maximum cell concentration, cell viability and conservation of the spheres. The maximum cell concentration was 1.07x106 cells.mL and it was reached after 15 days of culture, in 4% alginate spheres. The doubling time was 0.162 and 0.141 for Chlorella sp. Retained in 4 % alginate matrix and 4 % alginate agar, respectively. Regarding the quality of the spheres, after 15 days of culture, the disintegration process of the Alginate-Agar immobilization system began. The alginate spheres remained unchanged for the 21 days of the experiment. In conclusion, the best treatment for the immobilization of Chlorella sp was obtained when 4 % alginate was used, and it is recommended to continue the studies for the development of the bioremediation system, biomass production and biosensors.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125760173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Sandoval-Salas, Anayeli Rendón-Ávila, Antonio Janoary Alemán-Chang, Carlos Méndez-Carreto, Christell Barrales-Fernández
During cheese production, a high volume of cheese whey are obtained (Gómez et al., 2019; Álvarez-Delgado and Otero-Rambla 2020). Cheese whey is rich in proteins of high nutritional value, such as β-lactoglobulins, α-lactalbumins, glycomacropeptides, immunoglobulins and protease-peptone (Krissansen, 2013; Wijayanti et al., 2014). Around 50% of the cheese whey produce around world have does not receive some type of treatment. Small and medium producers cannot acquire any technology to add value to this waste (Tavares y Malcata, 2016). Different investigations about exploitation of cheese whey have been developed. Cheese whey can be use in the biofuels production, such as ethanol, butanol, glycerol, methane, hydrogen, mainly. Besides, cheese whey has commercial value by the content of short chain fatty acids (Bourda et al., 2017; Ramos y Silva, 2017). In the present study, two types of pretreatment in cheese whey were evaluated (thermal and chemical deproteinized). The thermal treatments obtained higher yields in ethanol production (25.28 g per liter of cheese whey), in ferementation with Kluyveromyces marxianus. In the case of acid cheese whey without pretreatment, we obtained 22.12 g of ethanol per liter of cheese whey. In the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, better yields were obtained in the thermal deproteinized pretreatment (18.96 g per liter of cheese whey).
在奶酪生产过程中，可以获得大量的奶酪乳清(Gómez等人，2019;Álvarez-Delgado和Otero-Rambla 2020)。奶酪乳清富含高营养价值的蛋白质，如β-乳球蛋白、α-乳蛋白、糖宏肽、免疫球蛋白和蛋白酶-蛋白胨(Krissansen, 2013;Wijayanti et al.， 2014)。世界上大约50%的奶酪乳清产品没有经过某种处理。中小型生产商无法获得任何技术来增加这种浪费的价值(Tavares y Malcata, 2016)。人们对干酪乳清的开发利用进行了不同的研究。奶酪乳清可用于生产生物燃料，如乙醇、丁醇、甘油、甲烷、氢气等。此外，奶酪乳清的短链脂肪酸含量具有商业价值(Bourda et al.， 2017;Ramos y Silva, 2017)。本研究对奶酪乳清的两种预处理方法(热脱蛋白和化学脱蛋白)进行了评价。在马氏克鲁维菌发酵中，热处理获得了更高的乙醇产量(每升奶酪乳清25.28克)。在酸性奶酪乳清没有预处理的情况下，我们得到22.12克乙醇每升奶酪乳清。在酵母酶解和发酵中，热脱蛋白预处理的产率较高(18.96 g / l)。
{"title":"Bioethanol production from cheese whey","authors":"F. Sandoval-Salas, Anayeli Rendón-Ávila, Antonio Janoary Alemán-Chang, Carlos Méndez-Carreto, Christell Barrales-Fernández","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.58","url":null,"abstract":"During cheese production, a high volume of cheese whey are obtained (Gómez et al., 2019; Álvarez-Delgado and Otero-Rambla 2020). Cheese whey is rich in proteins of high nutritional value, such as β-lactoglobulins, α-lactalbumins, glycomacropeptides, immunoglobulins and protease-peptone (Krissansen, 2013; Wijayanti et al., 2014). Around 50% of the cheese whey produce around world have does not receive some type of treatment. Small and medium producers cannot acquire any technology to add value to this waste (Tavares y Malcata, 2016). Different investigations about exploitation of cheese whey have been developed. Cheese whey can be use in the biofuels production, such as ethanol, butanol, glycerol, methane, hydrogen, mainly. Besides, cheese whey has commercial value by the content of short chain fatty acids (Bourda et al., 2017; Ramos y Silva, 2017). In the present study, two types of pretreatment in cheese whey were evaluated (thermal and chemical deproteinized). The thermal treatments obtained higher yields in ethanol production (25.28 g per liter of cheese whey), in ferementation with Kluyveromyces marxianus. In the case of acid cheese whey without pretreatment, we obtained 22.12 g of ethanol per liter of cheese whey. In the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, better yields were obtained in the thermal deproteinized pretreatment (18.96 g per liter of cheese whey).","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125174860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandris Argentel-Martínez, Eivy Fabiola Arvizu-Quintana, O. Peñuelas-Rubio, Aurelio Leyva-Ponce, J. García-Urías
Fusarium, caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, generates significant losses in important crops in the Northwest Mexico, mainly in the State of Sonora. Given the need to reduce polluting loads due to the use of commercial fungicides, the use of sustainable ecological biotechnological alternatives such as plant extracts for disease biocontrol is a partial solution in both organic and traditional production systems. The present work aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of hydroalcoholic extracts from leaves and stems of Parkinsonia aculeata L., Sp. Pl. (palo verde) for Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht biocontrol. Plant samples were taken from two semi-arid ecosystems (Bahía de Lobos, Site 1, and Tesopaco, Site 2). This samples were used to obtain and apply two volumes of hydroalcoholic extracts (300 and 500 ppm) in the culture medium prepared for the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. As a control, distilled water was used to evaluate the free mycelial growth (dependent variable) and the commercial fungicide (TIABENDAZOL) for the total control of the fungus. These extracts were added to culture media using the poison culture medium technique. The treatments were placed in a growth chamber, following a completely randomized experimental design with a trifactorial arrangement. The extracts of Parkinsonia aculeata L., Sp. Pl. from both sites and volumes (300 ppm, and at 500 ppm) showed effectiveness for mycelial growth inhibition. There was a highly significant interaction between the three established factors. The source of variation with the greatest contribution to the total variability found was the volume in the culture medium. The minimum inhibitory volume of the hydroalcoholic extract was 289 ppm and the lethal least squared volume was 444 ppm in the culture medium. The obtained results confirm the viability of using hydroalcoholic extracts of Parkinsonia aculeata L., Sp. Pl.as a sustainable alternative for Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht biocontrol of in the agricultural production systems of northwestern Mexico.
{"title":"Hydroalcoholic extracts of Parkinsonia aculeata: a sustainable alternative for the biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum","authors":"Leandris Argentel-Martínez, Eivy Fabiola Arvizu-Quintana, O. Peñuelas-Rubio, Aurelio Leyva-Ponce, J. García-Urías","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.52","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Fusarium, caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, generates significant losses in important crops in the Northwest Mexico, mainly in the State of Sonora. Given the need to reduce polluting loads due to the use of commercial fungicides, the use of sustainable ecological biotechnological alternatives such as plant extracts for disease biocontrol is a partial solution in both organic and traditional production systems. The present work aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of hydroalcoholic extracts from leaves and stems of Parkinsonia aculeata L., Sp. Pl. (palo verde) for Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht biocontrol. Plant samples were taken from two semi-arid ecosystems (Bahía de Lobos, Site 1, and Tesopaco, Site 2). This samples were used to obtain and apply two volumes of hydroalcoholic extracts (300 and 500 ppm) in the culture medium prepared for the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. As a control, distilled water was used to evaluate the free mycelial growth (dependent variable) and the commercial fungicide (TIABENDAZOL) for the total control of the fungus. These extracts were added to culture media using the poison culture medium technique. The treatments were placed in a growth chamber, following a completely randomized experimental design with a trifactorial arrangement. The extracts of Parkinsonia aculeata L., Sp. Pl. from both sites and volumes (300 ppm, and at 500 ppm) showed effectiveness for mycelial growth inhibition. There was a highly significant interaction between the three established factors. The source of variation with the greatest contribution to the total variability found was the volume in the culture medium. The minimum inhibitory volume of the hydroalcoholic extract was 289 ppm and the lethal least squared volume was 444 ppm in the culture medium. The obtained results confirm the viability of using hydroalcoholic extracts of Parkinsonia aculeata L., Sp. Pl.as a sustainable alternative for Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht biocontrol of in the agricultural production systems of northwestern Mexico. \u0000","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132860893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rivas-Cruz, E. G. Hernández-Martínez, Luis Enrique Papadimitriou-Suarez del Real
This article presents extensive research work on geothermal and aerothermal heat pump systems developed in Mexico. Seven systems are presented: (a) water-water geothermal heat pump for a kindergarten and a water-air and water-water combo geothermal heat pumps for a Hospital for the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) at Los Humeros community in Puebla, both systems working for heating; (b) three water-air geothermal heat pumps for heating/cooling for a laboratory complex at Mexicali B.C.; (c) one water-air geothermal heat pump for cooling for a meeting room at Cuernavaca Morelos; (d) two water-water geothermal heat pumps for pool heating at a Sports Club, and four air-water aerothermal heat pumps for cooling/heating and water heating at a hotel in Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes; and (e) a hybrid system composed of two air-water aerothermal heat pumps and a photovoltaic system in León, Guanajuato.
{"title":"Heating and Cooling with Heat Pumps – Projects developed in Mexico","authors":"F. Rivas-Cruz, E. G. Hernández-Martínez, Luis Enrique Papadimitriou-Suarez del Real","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.59","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents extensive research work on geothermal and aerothermal heat pump systems developed in Mexico. Seven systems are presented: (a) water-water geothermal heat pump for a kindergarten and a water-air and water-water combo geothermal heat pumps for a Hospital for the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) at Los Humeros community in Puebla, both systems working for heating; (b) three water-air geothermal heat pumps for heating/cooling for a laboratory complex at Mexicali B.C.; (c) one water-air geothermal heat pump for cooling for a meeting room at Cuernavaca Morelos; (d) two water-water geothermal heat pumps for pool heating at a Sports Club, and four air-water aerothermal heat pumps for cooling/heating and water heating at a hotel in Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes; and (e) a hybrid system composed of two air-water aerothermal heat pumps and a photovoltaic system in León, Guanajuato.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121765266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The treatment and in situ reuse of greywater could greatly contribute to reduce the water demand at the municipal level, thereby achieving social, economic, and environmental benefits. Decentralized treatment systems use chemical, physical and biological methods to decontaminate water, which then allows its reuse in garden irrigation, filling toilets or cleaning without primary contact with the inhabitants of the home, among other uses. In several of these systems (such as submerged wetlands or biofilters), filter materials are used. For example, zeolites and manganese oxides (MnOx) are reported in the literature as excellent candidates for use in water treatment due to their adsorption properties and, in the case of the latter, to its oxidation potential. In this work, a coating with a manganese oxide was carried out through a precipitation reaction on mordenite-type zeolitic material, to be used as a filter material in decentralized greywater treatment systems. The synthetized composite material was analyzed by the methylene blue adsorption test and the experimental data was adjusted to the Langmuir Isotherm model. The value of the specific surface area of the MnOx-coated mordenite-type zeolite was also estimated. With this analysis, it was possible to obtain preliminary results about the capacity of this material to decontaminate household greywater, which needs to be confirmed by further research.
{"title":"Preliminary evaluation of the decontaminating potential of a manganese oxide supported on mordenite","authors":"G. Vázquez-Rodríguez, Perla Rubí Trejo-Bustillos","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.47","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment and in situ reuse of greywater could greatly contribute to reduce the water demand at the municipal level, thereby achieving social, economic, and environmental benefits. Decentralized treatment systems use chemical, physical and biological methods to decontaminate water, which then allows its reuse in garden irrigation, filling toilets or cleaning without primary contact with the inhabitants of the home, among other uses. In several of these systems (such as submerged wetlands or biofilters), filter materials are used. For example, zeolites and manganese oxides (MnOx) are reported in the literature as excellent candidates for use in water treatment due to their adsorption properties and, in the case of the latter, to its oxidation potential. In this work, a coating with a manganese oxide was carried out through a precipitation reaction on mordenite-type zeolitic material, to be used as a filter material in decentralized greywater treatment systems. The synthetized composite material was analyzed by the methylene blue adsorption test and the experimental data was adjusted to the Langmuir Isotherm model. The value of the specific surface area of the MnOx-coated mordenite-type zeolite was also estimated. With this analysis, it was possible to obtain preliminary results about the capacity of this material to decontaminate household greywater, which needs to be confirmed by further research.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"265 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133167574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydroelectric power plants in diversion scheme systems utilize the water flowing through the river, since they present the necessary facilities and infrastructures to channel and harness the water, without having in their initial conception any storage systems. This type of power stations are designed and automated to operate between certain limits of water head, working with “constant head”, using the heads available at any moment. The operating limits are determined by the “nominal flow” for which the power plant has been designed and the “minimal technical flow” which corresponds to the minimum value of the flow with which the plant can work, which depends on each type of turbine. By means of the presented optimization algorithms we can take advantage of those periods of time with low levels of flow (low water levels) to utilize the channels in the power station as storage elements of flow under the technical minimum, making the power plant undergo sequential cycles of emptying/filling of channels, allowing for the energetic exploitation, that will be denoted as “optimal flow”.In this article, we intend to determine how we can adapt each type of turbine to the new optimization algorithms proposed, establishing the increments in production obtained for each type of turbine and the possibility of applying the “optimal flow" algorithms.
{"title":"Operation of hydroelectric plants without storage volume due to optimization of the turbine flow","authors":"J. M. Blanco-Barrero","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.51","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroelectric power plants in diversion scheme systems utilize the water flowing through the river, since they present the necessary facilities and infrastructures to channel and harness the water, without having in their initial conception any storage systems. This type of power stations are designed and automated to operate between certain limits of water head, working with “constant head”, using the heads available at any moment. The operating limits are determined by the “nominal flow” for which the power plant has been designed and the “minimal technical flow” which corresponds to the minimum value of the flow with which the plant can work, which depends on each type of turbine. By means of the presented optimization algorithms we can take advantage of those periods of time with low levels of flow (low water levels) to utilize the channels in the power station as storage elements of flow under the technical minimum, making the power plant undergo sequential cycles of emptying/filling of channels, allowing for the energetic exploitation, that will be denoted as “optimal flow”.In this article, we intend to determine how we can adapt each type of turbine to the new optimization algorithms proposed, establishing the increments in production obtained for each type of turbine and the possibility of applying the “optimal flow\" algorithms.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115060131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Flores-Martínez, María Fernanda Cuevas-González, I. López-Muraira, José Daniel Padilla-de la Rosa, Carolina León-Campos
Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens HBK) constitutes a spice of great commercial value mainly due to the presence of thymol and carvacrol, volatile fat-soluble compounds contained in its essential oil. However, little use has been made of its high content of water-soluble phenolic compounds, with proven antioxidant capacities. Among them, it stands out its high content of pinocembrin, flavanone with properties of great nutritional importance and for health due to its protective activity against cerebral ischemia. Mexico ranks second as a world producer of Mexican oregano. During the extractive process of the essential oil derived from its leaf, a large amount of solid waste rich in flavonoids is generated, which is minimally used and even becomes a source of contamination due to its poor disposal as waste. In order to value this agro-industrial waste, it was characterized by determining the content of total phenols, antioxidant activity (DHHP) and content of pinocembrin, observing a higher content of pinocembrin in the extract of oregano without essential oil (0.766 mg / ml) with respect to that corresponding to oregano without treatment (0.659 mg / ml). The results suggest that the residual bagasse from the extraction of the essential oil can be used with great potential due to its high content of polyphenols, antioxidant capacity and pinocembrin (27.93 mg / g BS). To achieve the concentration of pinocembrin, two separation methods were evaluated: chromatographic column with silica gel (hydrophilic) and separation with automated extraction in hydrophobic solid phase (Ultra C18) with pinocembrin recovery efficiencies of 56.6 and 90.1 %, respectively, being able to generate products enriched in pinocembrin with a 74.8 % purity. This work contributes to the potential development of new products and waste recovery processes in the growing natural essential oil extraction industry.
{"title":"Valorization of the residual bagasse of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens HBK) by obtaining fractions enriched in pinocembrin","authors":"H. Flores-Martínez, María Fernanda Cuevas-González, I. López-Muraira, José Daniel Padilla-de la Rosa, Carolina León-Campos","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.30","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens HBK) constitutes a spice of great commercial value mainly due to the presence of thymol and carvacrol, volatile fat-soluble compounds contained in its essential oil. However, little use has been made of its high content of water-soluble phenolic compounds, with proven antioxidant capacities. Among them, it stands out its high content of pinocembrin, flavanone with properties of great nutritional importance and for health due to its protective activity against cerebral ischemia. Mexico ranks second as a world producer of Mexican oregano. During the extractive process of the essential oil derived from its leaf, a large amount of solid waste rich in flavonoids is generated, which is minimally used and even becomes a source of contamination due to its poor disposal as waste. In order to value this agro-industrial waste, it was characterized by determining the content of total phenols, antioxidant activity (DHHP) and content of pinocembrin, observing a higher content of pinocembrin in the extract of oregano without essential oil (0.766 mg / ml) with respect to that corresponding to oregano without treatment (0.659 mg / ml). The results suggest that the residual bagasse from the extraction of the essential oil can be used with great potential due to its high content of polyphenols, antioxidant capacity and pinocembrin (27.93 mg / g BS). To achieve the concentration of pinocembrin, two separation methods were evaluated: chromatographic column with silica gel (hydrophilic) and separation with automated extraction in hydrophobic solid phase (Ultra C18) with pinocembrin recovery efficiencies of 56.6 and 90.1 %, respectively, being able to generate products enriched in pinocembrin with a 74.8 % purity. This work contributes to the potential development of new products and waste recovery processes in the growing natural essential oil extraction industry. \u0000","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115229538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Snell-Castro, C. Vázquez-Cotero, H. Méndez-Acosta, J. P. García-Sandoval, Alejandro Isaac Gutiérrez-Gómez
The purpose of this study was the molecular characterization of the methanogenic Archaea community in a fixed biofilm reactor (FBR) fed with tequila vinasses. This characterization was realized during the transition from mesophilic (37 °C) to thermophilic (55 °C) conditions applying cascade control schemes. Initially, the FBR was started-up and operated under mesophilic conditions applying a change from 5 to 6.6 g-COD L-1 d-1 in the organic loading rate to evaluate a control scheme where the reference variable was the alkalinity (alpha factor) and the controlled variable was the tequila vinasses (substrate) flow rates. Subsequently, the FBR was operated under thermophilic conditions increasing the temperature in a direct manner and after, in a stepwise manner by applying a control scheme which used the alkalinity (alpha factor) as a reference factor to regulate the temperature of the bioprocess, keeping the tequila vinasses flow rate constant. The Archaea community was characterized by mass sequencing and further phylogenetic analysis of the variable regions 4 and 5 of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The results on the characterization of the Archaea community indicated that the populations of methane-producing Archaea by the acetotrophic pathway (Methanosaeta harundinaceae, M. thermoacetophila, Methanosaeta sp., Methanosarcina thermophila and Methanometylovorans uponensis) showed a reduction in their relative abundances during the disturbances applied under mesophilic conditions. Whereas, the populations of methane-producing Archaea by the hydrogenotrophic pathway (Methanobacterium beijingense, M. subterraneum, Methanofollis liminatans, Methanoculleus marisnigri, Methanolinea tarda, and Methanomassiliicoccus sp.) increased their relative abundances, indicating a phenomenon of physiological adaptation to the environmental disturbances under mesophilic conditions, obtaining a hydrogenotrophic:acetotrophic Archaea ratio of 87:8. However, the population dynamics during the thermophilic stage indicated that the methanogenic acetotrophic archaea doubled their relative abundance reaching a hydrogenotrophic:acetotrophic Archaea ratio of 81:16, indicating a phenomenon of physiological adaptation to thermophilic conditions when the control scheme applied the increase of the temperature in a stepwise manner, since the direct increase to 55 °C destabilized the Archaea community and the alpha factor.
{"title":"Dynamics of methanogenic archaean populations in a FBR digester during the transition from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions applying control schemes","authors":"R. Snell-Castro, C. Vázquez-Cotero, H. Méndez-Acosta, J. P. García-Sandoval, Alejandro Isaac Gutiérrez-Gómez","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.42","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was the molecular characterization of the methanogenic Archaea community in a fixed biofilm reactor (FBR) fed with tequila vinasses. This characterization was realized during the transition from mesophilic (37 °C) to thermophilic (55 °C) conditions applying cascade control schemes. Initially, the FBR was started-up and operated under mesophilic conditions applying a change from 5 to 6.6 g-COD L-1 d-1 in the organic loading rate to evaluate a control scheme where the reference variable was the alkalinity (alpha factor) and the controlled variable was the tequila vinasses (substrate) flow rates. Subsequently, the FBR was operated under thermophilic conditions increasing the temperature in a direct manner and after, in a stepwise manner by applying a control scheme which used the alkalinity (alpha factor) as a reference factor to regulate the temperature of the bioprocess, keeping the tequila vinasses flow rate constant. The Archaea community was characterized by mass sequencing and further phylogenetic analysis of the variable regions 4 and 5 of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The results on the characterization of the Archaea community indicated that the populations of methane-producing Archaea by the acetotrophic pathway (Methanosaeta harundinaceae, M. thermoacetophila, Methanosaeta sp., Methanosarcina thermophila and Methanometylovorans uponensis) showed a reduction in their relative abundances during the disturbances applied under mesophilic conditions. Whereas, the populations of methane-producing Archaea by the hydrogenotrophic pathway (Methanobacterium beijingense, M. subterraneum, Methanofollis liminatans, Methanoculleus marisnigri, Methanolinea tarda, and Methanomassiliicoccus sp.) increased their relative abundances, indicating a phenomenon of physiological adaptation to the environmental disturbances under mesophilic conditions, obtaining a hydrogenotrophic:acetotrophic Archaea ratio of 87:8. However, the population dynamics during the thermophilic stage indicated that the methanogenic acetotrophic archaea doubled their relative abundance reaching a hydrogenotrophic:acetotrophic Archaea ratio of 81:16, indicating a phenomenon of physiological adaptation to thermophilic conditions when the control scheme applied the increase of the temperature in a stepwise manner, since the direct increase to 55 °C destabilized the Archaea community and the alpha factor.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124788262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agro-industrial wastes are not of interest to the industry that generated them; however, they can be used for the extraction of high value-added compounds. Compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity can be recovered from residues generated by different industries. Jalisco is a large agri-food producer therefore resides generated by established or growing industries in the state were selected. However, the extraction of the compounds of interest from residues cannot be carried out directly, they must be subjected to different treatments that break the matrices to release the components of interest and increase the extraction yield. In this study, aqueous, enzymatic, chemical-enzymatic and ethanolic extractions were used to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of the extracts. As residues, agave bagasse and brewers spent grain were evaluated, as well as blackberry and raspberry, both showing the first stages of spoilage. For the evaluation of antioxidant capacity ABTS and DPPH techniques were used. The antimicrobial capacity was evaluated by observing the inhibition halo caused by the extracts, and the inhibition percentage using different concentrations of the extracts, with three Gram-positive bacteria, three Gram-negative bacteria and three yeasts. The techniques used for the recovery of compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were adequate, and it was possible to observe differences between pretreatments for the different residues. It should be mentioned that inhibition was observed in the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using low concentrations (10% of extracts).
{"title":"Evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from four agro-industrial residues after different pretreatments","authors":"L. Casas-Godoy, I. Barrera-Martínez","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Agro-industrial wastes are not of interest to the industry that generated them; however, they can be used for the extraction of high value-added compounds. Compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity can be recovered from residues generated by different industries. Jalisco is a large agri-food producer therefore resides generated by established or growing industries in the state were selected. However, the extraction of the compounds of interest from residues cannot be carried out directly, they must be subjected to different treatments that break the matrices to release the components of interest and increase the extraction yield. In this study, aqueous, enzymatic, chemical-enzymatic and ethanolic extractions were used to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of the extracts. As residues, agave bagasse and brewers spent grain were evaluated, as well as blackberry and raspberry, both showing the first stages of spoilage. For the evaluation of antioxidant capacity ABTS and DPPH techniques were used. The antimicrobial capacity was evaluated by observing the inhibition halo caused by the extracts, and the inhibition percentage using different concentrations of the extracts, with three Gram-positive bacteria, three Gram-negative bacteria and three yeasts. The techniques used for the recovery of compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were adequate, and it was possible to observe differences between pretreatments for the different residues. It should be mentioned that inhibition was observed in the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using low concentrations (10% of extracts).","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121165078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. González-López, Elías Gerardo Rosas-Vázquez, Abigail Zamora-Hernández
As a result of a documentary investigation, the solid waste inventory of the Mezquital Valley (VM) region was generated, which is in Hidalgo State in Mexico, and it is integrated by 28 municipalities. The main purpose was to identify the sources of waste that produce Urban Solid Waste (MSW), Special Management Waste (SHW) and Hazardous Waste (HW). For this purpose, several research articles and waste inventories developed for several cities and countries were reviewed and studied because some of them show generation indexes for each source and in some cases for each person. These indexes were applied to calculate waste for each source and sector of municipalities. The sources of reviewed documents include some government offices such as Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI), Secretaria de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER) and the Servicio de Informacion Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). Collected data were grouped by municipalities according to source type and waste type, which were used for representing environmental problems of Hidalgo state by hierarchy. Total solid waste generated in MV region is 5,041,445 t/year, with 92% are SHW, 7.63% are MSW and only 0.37% is for HW. A comparison of total solid waste generated in Mexico show that MV region contributes with only 1%, even when this region is one of the biggest in Hidalgo with 30% of the total population of the state. According to INEGI, in Mexico, 92% of final disposal sites are inappropriate and only 8% are landfills with appropriate disposal. For MV region, the final waste disposal is inappropriate because only 18% of its 28 municipalities deliver their waste into landfills.
{"title":"Solid Waste Inventory for Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo","authors":"G. González-López, Elías Gerardo Rosas-Vázquez, Abigail Zamora-Hernández","doi":"10.56845/rebs.v3i1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i1.29","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of a documentary investigation, the solid waste inventory of the Mezquital Valley (VM) region was generated, which is in Hidalgo State in Mexico, and it is integrated by 28 municipalities. The main purpose was to identify the sources of waste that produce Urban Solid Waste (MSW), Special Management Waste (SHW) and Hazardous Waste (HW). For this purpose, several research articles and waste inventories developed for several cities and countries were reviewed and studied because some of them show generation indexes for each source and in some cases for each person. These indexes were applied to calculate waste for each source and sector of municipalities. The sources of reviewed documents include some government offices such as Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI), Secretaria de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER) and the Servicio de Informacion Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). Collected data were grouped by municipalities according to source type and waste type, which were used for representing environmental problems of Hidalgo state by hierarchy. Total solid waste generated in MV region is 5,041,445 t/year, with 92% are SHW, 7.63% are MSW and only 0.37% is for HW. A comparison of total solid waste generated in Mexico show that MV region contributes with only 1%, even when this region is one of the biggest in Hidalgo with 30% of the total population of the state. According to INEGI, in Mexico, 92% of final disposal sites are inappropriate and only 8% are landfills with appropriate disposal. For MV region, the final waste disposal is inappropriate because only 18% of its 28 municipalities deliver their waste into landfills.","PeriodicalId":194964,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability","volume":"40 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127989618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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