Oral-prophylaxe最新文献

The authors provide a summary of the situation with regard to preventative dental medicine in Belgium, with special emphasis on the health insurance system, the attitude of Belgian dentists to prophylaxis, the status of preventative dentistry at universities, and the estimated requirements with respect to prevention together with some initiatives in this area.

The author describes the influence of group standards, primary and secondary socialisation and social class on eating habits, then draws conclusions pertaining to dental health education.

Caries rates are on the decline in the Federal Republic of Germany, too. And, in some cases considerable, increase in the number of children with caries-free teeth and a clear reduction in the average number of carious teeth has been recorded, above all in kindergartens with preventive dentistry programmes. These results have to be consolidated and expanded upon. A good basis for achieving this would be a standard federal programme in which all the institutions involved would cooperate as partners.

In France, oral prevention has recently progressed in various aspects of dental caries prophylaxis which is reviewed in this paper. A better knowledge of dental caries prevalence has been obtained at a national level and the French Government authorized in October 1985 salt fluoridation for a period of 5 years which in addition to other means of caries prevention such as fluoridated toothpastes and various local and topical procedures has increased the potentials of fluoride use in France. In addition a larger use of fissure sealants has been encouraged. It is hoped that the introduction of salt fluoridation in France will reduce the caries incidence to a DMFT not more than 3 for the 12 year old children thus fulfilling the WHO goals for oral health in the year 2000.

Cylindrical blocks of enamel with initial caries lesions were brushed twice a day for 6 days using amine fluoride or monofluorophosphate children's toothpaste (250 ppm F-). Some of the enamel samples were left in the oral cavity for three further days after the end of the trial, during which time a fluoride-free toothpaste was used for daily oral hygiene. Half of the enamel blocks showed plaque formation during this period. The other half were kept clean. Fluoride soluble in KOH was only detected on the enamel blocks that had been brushed with amine fluoride children's toothpaste. The amount of solidly bound fluoride was significantly higher following the use of amine fluoride children's toothpaste than with monofluorophosphate children's toothpaste. The amounts of KOH-soluble fluoride and solidly bound fluoride fell again 3 days after discontinuation of fluoride application. But only the drop in the amount of KOH-soluble fluoride in demineralised tooth enamel after application of the two children's toothpastes can be explained by the differing reaction mechanisms of the two fluoride compounds.

The author reports on more than 17 years of trials involving determination of optimum daily requirement of F-, water and salt as well as the F- content of various foods and of urine. On the basis of these physiological data, support is found for salt fluoridation to prevent tooth decay. The results demonstrate that salt fluoridation is not only suitable for community use in automated systems, but is also a universally applicable substance.

From 133 saliva samples of humans we isolated 32 strains (24%) of Streptococcus sobrinus on an BYCSB selective medium. The very hard colonies of S. sobrinus on this medium were characterized by a distinct chalky white halo of water insoluble glucan ("glucan-halo") produced in large amounts from the sucrose by extracellular glucosyltransferase which has diffused out into the isolation medium. All of the isolated S. sobrinus strains fermented ordinarily mannitol and sorbitol, but not raffinose and melibiose. The occurrence of this special subspecies within the S. mutans-group may play a more important role in the etiology of dental caries of caries-active persons in the future.

The influence of the surface roughness of dental filling materials as well as of specific properties of materials on plaque accumulation was to be tested in a comparative study for various materials (Degulor S, Amalcap SAS, Visio Dispers, Ketak-Fil, CuproDur, Harvard Cement) was to be tested in a comparative investigation. For this purpose, the different materials were placed in a Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 culture medium containing sucrose, and incubated for three days at 37 degree C. Following this, the specific accumulation of polysaccharides formed outside of cells (plaque) was subjected to gravimetric analysis. Filling materials that take a high polish (Degulor S, Amalcap SAS, Visio Dispers) accumulated only 25 to 50% as much plaque as did cements. Within the group of cements there were also differences (up to 40%) in spite of similar surface roughness. These differences are presumably due to properties specific to the materials. In preliminary examinations of the products named, antibacterial effects were registered in three cases (Degulor S, Harvard Cement and Cupro-Dur--inhibiting areola between 1 and 7.5 mm).