Oral-prophylaxe最新文献

Important aspects of hygienic behaviour and patient compliance were investigated in a written survey of 500 adults. The results indicate a clear discrepancy between behaviour considered necessary by dentists and what people actually do, with reference both to thorough and methodical dental hygiene at home and knowledge of appropriate prophylactic measures. It was also seen that adults were only minimally willing to accept suggestions for improvement in their behaviour in these respects and that they were insufficiently motivated to change behaviour and habits.

379 children, age 3 to 6, were examined for caries prevalence in kindergartens in Göttingen. 64% of subjects had healthy natural dentitions, the df-s value was 2.3. In 1990 the mean df-s value for 4-5 year old children was 10% lower than 1985 and 45% lower than 1983. Oral health had improved differently in the various institutions. The mean df-s was between 0.6 and 4.7.

The intra-oral production of acid by plaque bacteria from sucrose, glucose and sorbitol and test products with sugar substitutes as well was estimated by pH-telemetry which permits the digital registering and collection of data. A pH-drop was not observed when sorbitol or xylitol were offered as a substrate to the dental plaque. The small differences of intensity and duration of the telemetric estimated acid production by dental plaque due to the test products (with sucrose or sorbitol/glucose) exhibited different cariogenic challenge in the animal experiment and in the intra-oral cariogenicity test, but with high probability they have not any practical significance for the preventive dietetic recommendations.

The structure, organisation and administration of the National Health Services in the UK including the General Dental Service, the Community Dental Service and the Hospital Service is being described, while emphasising that effective oral health promotion cannot be obtained within the limitations of current organised health services. It demands multidisciplinary and multidepartmental co-work which appears to be beyond traditionally based health services. Dental health education, preventive programmes, epidemiological surveys and dental screening are going to be the main working tasks within the Community Dental Service whereas most dental treatment should be carried out in General Dental Practice. The latter will, in the future, operate as a capitation system rather than fee-per-item system with respect to children. Dental health education, water fluoridation as well as the recommendation of fluoride supplements and attempts to reduce sugar intake are key factors in dental prevention in the UK. Some details are given.

Statistical analysis of 3,576 DMFT counts from three million observations of children aged 6 to 16 in East Germany shows a strong time-lagged relationship with fluoridation activities. More significant results, however, are found due to age and a score of socioeconomic factors. Additionally, caries prevalence decreases with time. Conversely, DMFT is not affected by size or type of dental staff, neither absolutely nor relatively.

When children are asked about school, most say they look forward to it. Not a few children, however, experience feelings of insecurity about school, and in particular starting school. Some are even afraid, and in some cases the child is unable to cope with its fears alone. An orthodontist must reckon with continual or periodical school problems when planning therapy. These difficulties are an essential element of the child's psycho-social world, although by no means the sole element. The relationship between oral stereotypes in school-age children and the necessity of parent counseling or psychological/psychiatric aid for the child is investigated on the basis of clinical reports.

An epidemiological study on caries in 1,091 primary school pupils in the Rems-Murr area revealed improvement in oral health as compared with results of earlier studies in the Federal Republic of Germany. For example, 31.4% of first-form pupils and 16.1% of fourth-form pupils were shown to have naturally healthy teeth (DMF-T + dmf-t = 0). The average DMF-T(S) values were between 0.39 (0.5) for six-year-olds and 2.02 (2.74) for ten-year-olds. The average percent of treated permanent teeth in six (ten)-year-old pupils was determined to be 20.5 (46.5)%. The pronounced polarisation of the individual values is, however, of of ater significance in developing programmes for caries prophylaxis than are these average values: Only 22% of the children accounted for approx. 70% of the carious, missing or filled permanent teeth. Carious defects in the permanent teeth of six and seven-year-old pupils were found almost exclusively in the fissures and pits of the six-year molars. An improvement in the oral health of the above-named age groups can only be achieved by means of specific and individual prophylaxis programmes.

The composition and dental properties of eight different soft drinks, representing some of the most popular types used in the U.K., were examined. Demineralisation experiments were conducted on hydroxylapatite, the basic component of dental enamel, determining calcium dissolving by atomic absorption spectroscopy and phosphorus by UV/vis spectrophotometry. The titratable acid content of the drinks was found to give a better guide than their pH to their potential dental erosiveness. The sugars content, in their ready-to-drink form, varied from zero in a low-calorie product up to almost 14% in a black-currant drink, but using a technique with a relatively long contact time, and in the absence of intact dental plaque, the demineralising action on hydroxylapatite of the acids already in the drinks eclipsed the effects of the acid generated by oral micro-organisms from the sugars in the drinks. The pure citrus juices showed potentially the worst dental properties, followed by the orange and blackcurrant concentrates after dilution to their ready-to-drink form, with least demineralisation from the carbonated drinks, and a cola drink giving especially low figures.

Using selected literature, the author provides an overview of the possibilities and limits of fluoride varnish application in caries prophylaxis based on the example of Fluor-Protector. He concludes, as did de Bruyn and Arends (1987), that Fluor-Protector is a safe and effective agent that can prevent caries very effectively and is also promising for use as a desensitising substance.

With a profusion of statistical data the authors describe the dental service in Greece, pointing out in particular the difference between the facilities available in the cities and in the country. This is followed by details of the dental insurance system, epidemiological data on the oral health of the population, and examples of prophylactic dentistry. The article concludes with some thoughts on the outlook for the future.