Oral-prophylaxe最新文献

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of caries and periodontal condition of 100 randomly selected clinical dental students (73 males, 27 females) in the age range of 22-37 years (means = 26.1 +/- 3.3 years). The statistical analysis revealed the following results: DMF-T Index (Klein & Palmer 1940) = 12.61 +/- 5.41 Plaque Index (Silness & Löe 1964) = 0.37 +/- 0.23 Gingiva Index (Löe & Silness 1963) = 0.39 +/- 0.20 Periodontal pocket depth = 1.65 +/- 0.27 mm. In relation to the results of other studies, clinical dental students had a decreased DMF-T Index and were in a better state of oral health and restaurations as compared to other groups of the same age. Female students had significantly less carious teeth, plaque and gingival disease than the male students. Increasing age had a highly significant correlation to DMF-T Index. Gingiva Index and pocket depth, whereas Plaque Index was correlated to a lesser degree. Plaque was confirmed as the essential factor of gingival disease.

Children aged between 7 and 10 in four years at the primary schools in the town of Weil am Rhein were examined for the prevalence of tooth decay by a team which had already carried out the same investigations, applying the same criteria, in other towns. The data were analyzed with a standardized computer program.

Fluoride varnishes Durpahat and Fluor Protector are commonly used and have proven to be effective as caries preventive agents. In the first part of this paper the features of fluoride varnishes in terms of fluoride uptake, caries prevention and toxicological safety are discussed. The effect of both varnishes under high cariogenic conditions is discussed in the second part. In the presented study, 8 patients carried 3 enamel specimens (Fluor Protector, Duraphat, Control) intra-orally during 4 months. They kept plaque accumulation intact on the specimen and avoided fluoride administration from other sources. After 4 months of substantial cariogenic challenge, the enamel was analysed by microradiography and the degree of caries protection obtained for each varnish type was calculated. The results show that under high-risk caries conditions enamel treated with Fluor Protector was significantly better protected (65%) than enamel treated with Duraphat (3%).

Sugar substitutes are substances containing calories which taste sweet, but which are not fermented by the microorganisms in the mouth, or are fermented only slightly. Sugar substitutes can reduce the risk of tooth decay above all when contained in sweets consumed between main meals.

Plaque, a causal factor for caries and periodontal diseases, is a habitat for various microorganisms. The considerable qualitative and quantitative variation of microorganisms, predominantly Streptococcus mutans, depends on age, thickness, and acidogenicity. The food passing through the mouth is also a crucial factor. Plaque removal (plaque control) is the most important measure for prevention of caries and gingivitis. Since mechanical removal of plaque is not adequate, chemical agents must also be used. Fluoride, for example, effectively inhibits plaque metabolism. The efficacy of enzymes, alkaloids, and antiseptics is limited. No active immunization against cariogenic streptococci is available at present. Mechanical, chemical, and biological measures of plaque control are effective only when the population is motivated to practice oral hygiene.

The abrasion strength of the exogenous pellicle (EP) was investigated in in vitro experiments on extracted human teeth. The aim of the study was to elucidate the effect of daily brushing on the EP. EP-coated tooth specimens were cleansed under in vivo-like conditions. Five toothpastes with different degrees of abrasiveness were variously diluted with artificial saliva. The evaluation was done on the transmission electron microscope. The individual toothpastes differed significantly with respect to their abrasive effect on EP, which extended from only a slight effect on EP, which extended from only a slight effect to extensive removal of the pellicle. EP abrasion was considerably reduced by increasing dilution of the pastes with artificial saliva. No changes of the EP could be observed after brushing with only the toothbrush and saliva.

In a clinical study, the relative incidence of gingival injuries after standardized tooth brushing was tested by 22 volunteer dental assistants whose teeth were brushed with a soft multi-tufted toothbrush, a manual V-form toothbrush, and an electric toothbrush. At the beginning of the study, a dental hygienist cleaned the right or left side of the jaw of each subject with a manual V-form toothbrush or an electric toothbrush; the other side was manually cleaned with a multi-tufted toothbrush. At the second cleansing one week later, the same dental hygienist cleaned the side contralateral to that brushed in the first test week with the multi-tufted brush; the manual V-form brush was used instead of the electric toothbrush and vice versa. The number of new gingival lesions was recorded after each brushing. The cleansing effect was established by determining the amount of residual plaque. The subjects did not know which type of toothbrush was used to cleanse the evaluated side of the jaw. The results showed that the manual V-form toothbrush abraded the gingiva more than the electric toothbrush (p less than 0.005). A similar difference was found between the manual multi-tufted and the electric toothbrush (p less than 0.05). No significant differences could be established with respect to the plaque-removing properties of the three types of toothbrush tested.