Oral-prophylaxe最新文献

This study examines whether the regular use of sugar-free chewing gum can improve oral hygiene and therefore reduce the risk of caries. During a four-week test, twenty subjects chewed a piece of gum twice a day for thirty minutes after meals. At the start, after two weeks, and at the end of the test period, the plaque and gingiva indices were recorded and the buffer capacity and secretion rate of the saliva determined. At the end of the test, a substantial reduction in the plaque and gingiva indices, an increase in the secretion rate and an improvement in buffer capacity were found, in comparison with the start levels. The changes were statistically significant. Sugar-free chewing gum alone is no substitute for regular dental care, but its use can be recommended as a way of supplementing traditional methods of oral hygiene.

In Switzerland annual examinations of school children in the individual communities and the priority for their conservation treatment have a tradition of more than half a century. Already 40 years ago, the majority of the cantons had passed legislation compelling the communities to organize school dental services. They were not uniformly defined, and the communities had great freedom how to comply with the law, e.g. to contract local dentists for the priority care of children or to build their own school dental clinic. When preventive methods became available, initiated 1953 by daily tablet intake at school, the introduction of preventive activities into the already existing school dental care was comparatively easy. It was mostly welcomed in the face of the very high caries prevalence. Supervised toothbrushing with a fluoride preparation (mostly gels with 1.2% F) 6 times a year has been a standard for many years. It is the cornerstone of the dental health education programs. These cover now approximately 80% of the children up to age 11-12 while for the older schoolchildren, coverage is markedly lower. Caries prevalence has declined by 70-84 percent since the late sixties. The most important factors for decline are listed in Table 1. In Western Germany, pedodontic care was not given priority. At the universities, pedodontics had no recognition as a professional or official branch of dentistry. There were numerous local initiatives to improve pedodontic care. Lack of official support, however, precluded most of these endeavours to gain momentum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

In a population sample of 2261 men and women aged between 35 and 74 years the prevalence of root caries increased for both sexes consistently with age and ranged between 49 and 73%. In the mean 1.8 to 2.9 teeth were affected. Subjects with root caries had fewer teeth, more teeth with untreated coronal caries, and more teeth which needed conservative treatments. The number of extractions required was the same in subjects affected by root caries. In the age older than 65 years subjects affected by root caries had more teeth in the average of 2 teeth and significantly more fillings in their teeth. If a DMF/T-index of 15 to 19 was recorded nearly half of all subjects were affected by root caries. In individuals with root caries lesions aged between 35 and 54 years significant severe periodontal disease were seen.

In this paper a possibility to enhance biodisponibility of fluoride is described. Whereas conventional formulations for fluoride application do not succeed in sustaining elevated salivary fluoride levels despite high doses, mucoadhesive slow-release devices permit to obtain a high biodisponibility with low doses. Several mucoadhesive polymers were tested in vitro and in vivo. From the three classes of polymers (polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol and modified corn starch), one polyethylene glycol (mol. weight 300,000) and a mixture of modified starch with 5% polyacrylic acid showed a high adhesion together with a good biocompatibility. Tablets made from these substances, containing 0.1 mg of fluoride, were shown to sustain significantly elevated fluoride levels in saliva during several hours.

The influence of antimicrobial mouthrinses containing dequalinium chloride or sanguinarine on early plaque formation was assessed in vivo in a clinical-experimental study. Rinses with water served as controls. After 24 and 72 hours, plastic films, which were applied to the buccal surfaces of six upper front teeth at the start of experiment, were removed and processed for transmission electron microscopic study. Dequalinium chloride or sanguinarine applied on plaque resulted in an increased and higher structured surface coating. Degenerated microorganisms were observed and the variety of bacteria seemed to be reduced. Both mouthrinses effected the early supragingival plaque formation. The effect of sanguinarine was more intensive than that of dequalinium chloride.

At the end of 1990 in the area of Erfurt 309 and in and around Marburg an der Lahn 348 school beginners were examined by one children's dentist under identical conditions. The results (milk teeth) showed that the caries incidence (dmfs) was comparable in both regions. However, the proportion of restored milk teeth tended to be higher in Erfurt than in Marburg. In addition, the differences in individual caries incidence were more marked. In Marburg there were more caries-free children, but children whose teeth had been damaged by caries were more seriously damaged than those in Erfurt.

In a complete survey, 7500 primary pupils in Graz aged between six and ten years were examined for caries and periodontal health. Comparison with the DMF-T values of primary school pupils in Switzerland and Sweden indicated that considerable efforts are required in Austria if preventive dental health education is to achieve the standard status it has enjoyed for years in the other countries mentioned.

Prevention of caries and periodontal disease should start early in life, as everyone agrees. Nursery-school teachers can play an important part in passing on knowledge and methods of prevention. Our study confirms the positive effect of activities aimed at "teaching the teachers".

The influence on cell growth by different ingredients of toothpastes was examined in cell culture. Following parameters were evaluated: protein concentration, MTT-test and cell morphology. Substantial inhibition of cell growth was caused by tensides. Preparations with Tego-Betain had a significantly less influence on cell growth than Texapon. Other ingredients as medical soap, fluoride and preservative showed a very low effect.

A survey on caries prevalence and dental care was conducted on 441 children 3-6 years old, from 9 kindergartens in Budapest. Only 36.3% of the examined children showed naturally healthy teeth. The four examined age groups demonstrated an increase in caries incidence from 45.4% at the age of 3 y to 83.6% at the age of 6 y. The average dmf-s for the four age groups (3, 4, 5, 6 y) was: 1.77, 3.97, 5.76, 6.77, respectively. Maximal caries-assault has been recorded at the age of 4. Only 11.5% of the detected carious surfaces were restored. Moreover, 30% of these treated surfaces showed signs of recurrent caries. In general out of 280 children with caries defects only 5 received a complete restoration.