Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.1.014102
Luis Emiliano Jan, N. Mingolo, F. Escola
{"title":"Automatic microscopic mapping of thermal diffusivity on irregular surfaces","authors":"Luis Emiliano Jan, N. Mingolo, F. Escola","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.63.1.014102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.63.1.014102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"117 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041210
Eddie Ruff, Cullen Bradley
This work summarizes the progress made on a ground-to-ground 10 Gbps free space optical link. The bi-directional link consists of two static breadboard platforms that utilize low-SWaP, commercial off-the-shelf components. Each platform features a small form-factor pluggable optical transceiver and a programmable erbium-doped fiber amplifier on transmit. The free space link spans a 500 m line-of-sight distance between two academic buildings, namely Fitz Hall and Kettering Labs at the University of Dayton. Both platforms are indoors and transceive through existing building windows. The wavelength of operation is 1550 nm and the free space optical communication (FSOC) platforms have been previously evaluated for eye-safety. In this work, the authors demonstrate mechanical beam steering based upon de-centered lens technology, round-trip bit error rate measurements, and a free space transmission control protocol network for closed-loop operation including client-server messaging, auto-reconnects, receiver optimizations, and generalized self-healing capabilities.
{"title":"Self-healing free space optical link","authors":"Eddie Ruff, Cullen Bradley","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041210","url":null,"abstract":"This work summarizes the progress made on a ground-to-ground 10 Gbps free space optical link. The bi-directional link consists of two static breadboard platforms that utilize low-SWaP, commercial off-the-shelf components. Each platform features a small form-factor pluggable optical transceiver and a programmable erbium-doped fiber amplifier on transmit. The free space link spans a 500 m line-of-sight distance between two academic buildings, namely Fitz Hall and Kettering Labs at the University of Dayton. Both platforms are indoors and transceive through existing building windows. The wavelength of operation is 1550 nm and the free space optical communication (FSOC) platforms have been previously evaluated for eye-safety. In this work, the authors demonstrate mechanical beam steering based upon de-centered lens technology, round-trip bit error rate measurements, and a free space transmission control protocol network for closed-loop operation including client-server messaging, auto-reconnects, receiver optimizations, and generalized self-healing capabilities.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139647830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041208
Italo Toselli
The analysis of budget link and free space optical system performances requires the calculation of several metrics of the atmospheric turbulence-affected collected light. In this work, assuming the collected light is focused into an optical fiber or over a sensor positioned in the focal plane, we use the ABCD ray-matrix representation to calculate the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the power in the fiber or power over the sensor. Calculation of such metrics requires the knowledge of the transmitted average power that enters the receiver aperture (power in the bucket) and the long-term beam spread in the focal plane, from which the Strehl ratio can be obtained.
{"title":"Focal plane analysis of optical power-related metrics for atmospheric turbulence-affected laser beams","authors":"Italo Toselli","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041208","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of budget link and free space optical system performances requires the calculation of several metrics of the atmospheric turbulence-affected collected light. In this work, assuming the collected light is focused into an optical fiber or over a sensor positioned in the focal plane, we use the ABCD ray-matrix representation to calculate the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the power in the fiber or power over the sensor. Calculation of such metrics requires the knowledge of the transmitted average power that enters the receiver aperture (power in the bucket) and the long-term beam spread in the focal plane, from which the Strehl ratio can be obtained.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139414354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041209
Marcin Jarzyna, Ludwig Kunz, Wojciech Zwoliński, Michał Jachura, Konrad Banaszek
Deep-space optical communication links operate under severely limited signal power, approaching the photon-starved regime that requires a receiver capable of measuring individual incoming photons. This makes the photon information efficiency (PIE), i.e., the number of bits that can be retrieved from a single received photon, a relevant figure of merit to characterize data rates achievable in deep-space scenarios. We review theoretical PIE limits assuming a scalable modulation format, such as pulse position modulation (PPM), combined with a photon counting direct detection receiver. For unrestricted signal bandwidth, the attainable PIE is effectively limited by the background noise acquired by the propagating optical signal. The actual PIE limit depends on the effectiveness of the noise rejection mechanism implemented at the receiver, which can be improved by the nonlinear optical technique of quantum pulse gating. Further enhancement is possible by resorting to photon number resolved detection, which improves discrimination of PPM pulses against weak background noise. The results are compared with the ultimate quantum mechanical PIE limit implied by the Gordon–Holevo capacity bound, which takes into account general modulation formats as well as any physically permitted measurement techniques.
深空光通信链路在信号功率严重受限的情况下运行，接近光子匮乏状态，这就要求接收器能够测量单个进入的光子。因此，光子信息效率（PIE），即从接收到的单个光子中可获取的比特数，就成了描述深空场景中可实现的数据传输速率的相关指标。我们回顾了假设采用脉冲位置调制（PPM）等可扩展调制格式并结合光子计数直接探测接收器的理论 PIE 限制。在信号带宽不受限制的情况下，可达到的 PIE 实际上受到光信号传播所产生的背景噪声的限制。实际的 PIE 限制取决于接收器所采用的噪声抑制机制的有效性，而量子脉冲门的非线性光学技术可以改善这种有效性。采用光子数分辨检测技术可以进一步提高性能，从而提高 PPM 脉冲对微弱背景噪声的分辨能力。研究结果与戈登-霍列沃容量约束所隐含的量子力学 PIE 极限进行了比较，后者考虑到了一般调制格式以及任何物理允许的测量技术。
{"title":"Photon information efficiency limits in deep-space optical communications","authors":"Marcin Jarzyna, Ludwig Kunz, Wojciech Zwoliński, Michał Jachura, Konrad Banaszek","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041209","url":null,"abstract":"Deep-space optical communication links operate under severely limited signal power, approaching the photon-starved regime that requires a receiver capable of measuring individual incoming photons. This makes the photon information efficiency (PIE), i.e., the number of bits that can be retrieved from a single received photon, a relevant figure of merit to characterize data rates achievable in deep-space scenarios. We review theoretical PIE limits assuming a scalable modulation format, such as pulse position modulation (PPM), combined with a photon counting direct detection receiver. For unrestricted signal bandwidth, the attainable PIE is effectively limited by the background noise acquired by the propagating optical signal. The actual PIE limit depends on the effectiveness of the noise rejection mechanism implemented at the receiver, which can be improved by the nonlinear optical technique of quantum pulse gating. Further enhancement is possible by resorting to photon number resolved detection, which improves discrimination of PPM pulses against weak background noise. The results are compared with the ultimate quantum mechanical PIE limit implied by the Gordon–Holevo capacity bound, which takes into account general modulation formats as well as any physically permitted measurement techniques.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139422758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.3.031006
Donglin Lv, He Jiang, Xin Gui, Linfeng Hu, Jin Shi, Yongxing Guo, Zhengying Li
{"title":"Humidity sensor based on optical fiber Bragg grating with high sensitivity and fast response","authors":"Donglin Lv, He Jiang, Xin Gui, Linfeng Hu, Jin Shi, Yongxing Guo, Zhengying Li","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.63.3.031006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.63.3.031006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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