Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2024.11837
R. Lubis, Ariyati Yosi
BACKGROUND: Leprosy, or Morbus Hansen, is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that involves the skin and peripheral nerves, with or without motor disorders. Leprosy reactions are immune-mediated acute or subacute inflammatory episodes that interfere with chronic disease and are classified into three types: type 1 (RR), type 2 (ENL), and the Lucio phenomenon. AIM: The purpose of the study is to describe the epidemiology of leprosy reactions at Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) teaching hospitals and provide a description of factors associated with the reactions that might provide valuable information for future studies. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analytic study with total sampling on medical records of patients in the Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan and USU Education Hospital in 2017–2021. RESULTS: The incidence of leprosy reactions at the USU Medical Faculty Education Hospital in 2017–2021 was 41 cases. The majority of reaction types were type 2 reactions (68.3%). Risk factors for type 1 reactions were a history of reactions, being elderly, multiple lesions or nerve involvement, and co-infections, whereas the risk factors for type 2 reactions were LL, younger age, bacterial index >4+, stress, and co-infections. The highest age group proportion was 18–59 years (95.1%) and was more common in men (70.7%), which mostly appeared before treatment (39.1%). The incidence of leprosy reactions was 26 new cases per 100 patients. CONCLUSION: The highest proportion of leprosy reactions was type 2, within the adult age group (18–59 years), males, and before treatment.
背景：麻风病或称汉森氏麻风病，是一种由麻风分枝杆菌引起的慢性肉芽肿性疾病，累及皮肤和周围神经，伴有或不伴有运动障碍。麻风反应是由免疫介导的急性或亚急性炎症发作，会干扰慢性疾病的治疗，可分为三种类型：1型（RR）、2型（ENL）和卢西奥现象。研究目的：本研究旨在描述苏门答腊大学（USU）教学医院的麻风反应流行病学，并描述与麻风反应相关的因素，为今后的研究提供有价值的信息。方法：这是一项横断面分析研究，对2017-2021年棉兰H. Adam Malik医院皮肤病与性病学综合门诊和南大教育医院的患者病历进行了全面抽样调查。结果：2017-2021年，南大医学院教育医院的麻风病反应发生率为41例。大多数反应类型为2型反应（68.3%）。1型反应的危险因素为有反应史、年龄偏大、多发病损或神经受累、合并感染，而2型反应的危险因素为LL、年龄偏小、细菌指数>4+、精神紧张、合并感染。18-59岁年龄组比例最高（95.1%），男性更常见（70.7%），大多在治疗前出现（39.1%）。麻风反应的发生率为每 100 例患者中有 26 例新发病例。结论：麻风反应中比例最高的是 2 型麻风反应，发生在成人年龄组（18-59 岁）、男性和治疗前。
{"title":"Overview of Leprosy Reactions at Universitas Sumatera Utara Medical Faculty Hospitals between 2017 and 2021","authors":"R. Lubis, Ariyati Yosi","doi":"10.3889/oamjms.2024.11837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2024.11837","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Leprosy, or Morbus Hansen, is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that involves the skin and peripheral nerves, with or without motor disorders. Leprosy reactions are immune-mediated acute or subacute inflammatory episodes that interfere with chronic disease and are classified into three types: type 1 (RR), type 2 (ENL), and the Lucio phenomenon.\u0000AIM: The purpose of the study is to describe the epidemiology of leprosy reactions at Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) teaching hospitals and provide a description of factors associated with the reactions that might provide valuable information for future studies.\u0000METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analytic study with total sampling on medical records of patients in the Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan and USU Education Hospital in 2017–2021.\u0000RESULTS: The incidence of leprosy reactions at the USU Medical Faculty Education Hospital in 2017–2021 was 41 cases. The majority of reaction types were type 2 reactions (68.3%). Risk factors for type 1 reactions were a history of reactions, being elderly, multiple lesions or nerve involvement, and co-infections, whereas the risk factors for type 2 reactions were LL, younger age, bacterial index >4+, stress, and co-infections. The highest age group proportion was 18–59 years (95.1%) and was more common in men (70.7%), which mostly appeared before treatment (39.1%). The incidence of leprosy reactions was 26 new cases per 100 patients.\u0000CONCLUSION: The highest proportion of leprosy reactions was type 2, within the adult age group (18–59 years), males, and before treatment.","PeriodicalId":19562,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"278 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140457696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2024.11829
Maria Lobo, R. D. Guntur, Damai Kusumaningrum, Yulianti Paula Bria
BACKGROUND: Malaria still remains a major public health problem globally including in Indonesia. At present, most of malaria cases are in the eastern part of the country. However, there is no information yet regarding the trends of malaria prevalence at rural health institution particularly at Mangili Public Health Centre. AIM: This study aims to explore the trend of malaria prevalence over a 10-year period. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in the center. The laboratory record books from January 2013 to December 2022 were carefully reviewed to identify malaria cases based on the sex, age, type of Plasmodium, year, and month when the patients diagnosed malaria microscopically. The trend analysis was applied to identify the trend of malaria over the period under review. RESULTS: Over the past 10 years, 19,938 blood films were requested for malaria diagnosis at the health center. From this number, 3.679 (18.5%, with 95% confidence interval (CI): 17.2–19.7) were microscopically confirmed malaria cases. From the total cases, prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), vivax and mix infection was 85.5% with 95% CI: 84.3–86.8; 6.39% with 95% CI: 3.26–9.51; and 7.58% with 95% CI: 4.48–10.7, respectively. The number of malaria cases reached a peak in January, while it was the lowest in October. Overall trend on the prevalence of malaria decreased significantly; however, the prevalence of Pf increased considerably during COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of Pf, vivax, and mixed infection was higher in male, age group ≥ 15, and student than their counterpart. CONCLUSION: Malaria remains high in this area with Pf that is the dominant species followed by mixed infection. Scaling up malaria control and prevention activities is very crucial to significantly reduce the burden of malaria and to boost malaria elimination in this region.
{"title":"The Declined Trend of Malaria over a Ten-year Period in the Rural East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia: A Medical Record Analysis","authors":"Maria Lobo, R. D. Guntur, Damai Kusumaningrum, Yulianti Paula Bria","doi":"10.3889/oamjms.2024.11829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2024.11829","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Malaria still remains a major public health problem globally including in Indonesia. At present, most of malaria cases are in the eastern part of the country. However, there is no information yet regarding the trends of malaria prevalence at rural health institution particularly at Mangili Public Health Centre.\u0000AIM: This study aims to explore the trend of malaria prevalence over a 10-year period.\u0000METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in the center. The laboratory record books from January 2013 to December 2022 were carefully reviewed to identify malaria cases based on the sex, age, type of Plasmodium, year, and month when the patients diagnosed malaria microscopically. The trend analysis was applied to identify the trend of malaria over the period under review.\u0000RESULTS: Over the past 10 years, 19,938 blood films were requested for malaria diagnosis at the health center. From this number, 3.679 (18.5%, with 95% confidence interval (CI): 17.2–19.7) were microscopically confirmed malaria cases. From the total cases, prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), vivax and mix infection was 85.5% with 95% CI: 84.3–86.8; 6.39% with 95% CI: 3.26–9.51; and 7.58% with 95% CI: 4.48–10.7, respectively. The number of malaria cases reached a peak in January, while it was the lowest in October. Overall trend on the prevalence of malaria decreased significantly; however, the prevalence of Pf increased considerably during COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of Pf, vivax, and mixed infection was higher in male, age group ≥ 15, and student than their counterpart.\u0000CONCLUSION: Malaria remains high in this area with Pf that is the dominant species followed by mixed infection. Scaling up malaria control and prevention activities is very crucial to significantly reduce the burden of malaria and to boost malaria elimination in this region.","PeriodicalId":19562,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2024.11828
M.A. Hanafy, O.M. Fahmy, A. F. A. Elezz
BACKGROUND: Preheating resin composite was one of the latest achievements to improve the mechanical properties of composite. AIM: This study was conducted to assess the effect of preheating of resin composite on microtensile bond strength to dentin. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 32 human molars were selected and divided into two groups according to the type of resin composites either microhybrid (P60) (R1) or nanohybrid (Z250 XT) (R2). The molar teeth were embedded in acrylic resin blocks then the occlusal enamel was removed parallel to cementoenamel junction to expose the dentin. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups according to the number of preheating cycles of resin composite either no heating (C0), one preheating cycle at 68℃ (C1), two preheating cycles at 68℃ (C2), or three preheating cycles at 68℃ (C3). After bonding of resin composite, specimens were cut into beams 1 mm thick and stressed in tension using a universal testing machine (4 teeth per group/12 beams per tooth). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used to test the effect of preheating resin composites for the interaction of different variables. RESULTS: In both variables of the study, the type of resin composite and the number of preheating cycles have a statistically significant effect on the microtensile bond strength to dentin. There was a significant interaction between the variables. CONCLUSION: Pre-heating of Filtek P60 as a packable composite at 68℃ can achieve significantly higher microtensile bond strength compared to Filtek Z250 as a microhybrid composite. Key Messages: Preheating of resin composite enhances the mechanical properties of resin composite. Furthermore, better adaptation is due to easily flow of the material in additional to the improvement of microtensile bond strength of resin composite due to monomer and radical mobility due to complete polymerization during preheating.
{"title":"Effect of Preheating of Resin Composite on Microtensile Bond Strength In Vitro Study","authors":"M.A. Hanafy, O.M. Fahmy, A. F. A. Elezz","doi":"10.3889/oamjms.2024.11828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2024.11828","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Preheating resin composite was one of the latest achievements to improve the mechanical properties of composite.\u0000AIM: This study was conducted to assess the effect of preheating of resin composite on microtensile bond strength to dentin.\u0000METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 32 human molars were selected and divided into two groups according to the type of resin composites either microhybrid (P60) (R1) or nanohybrid (Z250 XT) (R2). The molar teeth were embedded in acrylic resin blocks then the occlusal enamel was removed parallel to cementoenamel junction to expose the dentin. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups according to the number of preheating cycles of resin composite either no heating (C0), one preheating cycle at 68℃ (C1), two preheating cycles at 68℃ (C2), or three preheating cycles at 68℃ (C3). After bonding of resin composite, specimens were cut into beams 1 mm thick and stressed in tension using a universal testing machine (4 teeth per group/12 beams per tooth).\u0000STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used to test the effect of preheating resin composites for the interaction of different variables.\u0000RESULTS: In both variables of the study, the type of resin composite and the number of preheating cycles have a statistically significant effect on the microtensile bond strength to dentin. There was a significant interaction between the variables.\u0000CONCLUSION: Pre-heating of Filtek P60 as a packable composite at 68℃ can achieve significantly higher microtensile bond strength compared to Filtek Z250 as a microhybrid composite.\u0000Key Messages: Preheating of resin composite enhances the mechanical properties of resin composite. Furthermore, better adaptation is due to easily flow of the material in additional to the improvement of microtensile bond strength of resin composite due to monomer and radical mobility due to complete polymerization during preheating.","PeriodicalId":19562,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-11DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2024.11808
Yanina Kutasevych, H. Kondakova, Svitlana Dzhoraieva, Oksana Sokol, Zoya Shevchenko
BACKGROUND: COVID-19, developing hyper-inflammatory reactions, can be a trigger factor for the manifestation or exacerbation of psoriasis in people who have undergone this infection. According to the scientific literature, patients with psoriasis are more likely to be infected with a coronavirus infection than the healthy population. However, they tolerate it in a milder form. At the same time, there have been reported exacerbation cases of the psoriatic process during the active phase of the disease and after experiencing COVID-19. AIM: The purpose of the study is to analyze the profiles of cytokines interleukin (IL)-17, IL-10, IL-8. IL-6, IL-4, and IL-1b in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and patients with psoriasis who contracted COVID-19. METHODS: We examined two groups of patients: The first group – 46 patients with psoriasis vulgaris in the period of exacerbation of the disease; the second group – 15 patients with exacerbation of psoriasis who contracted a mild or moderately severe coronavirus infection. The control group consisted of 15 conditionally healthy donors. The levels of cytokines IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17a, IL-4, and IL-10 in the blood of patients and practically healthy individuals were determined by the enzyme immunoenzymatic method, using the “Human ELISE Kit” reagent sets (Fine Biotech., China), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The difference between the study groups was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. The results were considered significant at p < 0.01. All calculations were carried out using Microsoft Excel (Office 365). RESULTS: Psoriasis patients who have contracted COVID-19 had higher levels of IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-8 in their blood than patients with psoriasis vulgaris. CONCLUSION: Increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the blood of patients with psoriasis may be a trigger factor for acute psoriasis in patients who have suffered from COVID-19.
{"title":"Cytokine Profiles of Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris who Experienced Acute Respiratory Infection with COVID-19","authors":"Yanina Kutasevych, H. Kondakova, Svitlana Dzhoraieva, Oksana Sokol, Zoya Shevchenko","doi":"10.3889/oamjms.2024.11808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2024.11808","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: COVID-19, developing hyper-inflammatory reactions, can be a trigger factor for the manifestation or exacerbation of psoriasis in people who have undergone this infection. According to the scientific literature, patients with psoriasis are more likely to be infected with a coronavirus infection than the healthy population. However, they tolerate it in a milder form. At the same time, there have been reported exacerbation cases of the psoriatic process during the active phase of the disease and after experiencing COVID-19.\u0000AIM: The purpose of the study is to analyze the profiles of cytokines interleukin (IL)-17, IL-10, IL-8. IL-6, IL-4, and IL-1b in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and patients with psoriasis who contracted COVID-19.\u0000METHODS: We examined two groups of patients: The first group – 46 patients with psoriasis vulgaris in the period of exacerbation of the disease; the second group – 15 patients with exacerbation of psoriasis who contracted a mild or moderately severe coronavirus infection. The control group consisted of 15 conditionally healthy donors. The levels of cytokines IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17a, IL-4, and IL-10 in the blood of patients and practically healthy individuals were determined by the enzyme immunoenzymatic method, using the “Human ELISE Kit” reagent sets (Fine Biotech., China), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The difference between the study groups was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. The results were considered significant at p < 0.01. All calculations were carried out using Microsoft Excel (Office 365).\u0000RESULTS: Psoriasis patients who have contracted COVID-19 had higher levels of IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-8 in their blood than patients with psoriasis vulgaris.\u0000CONCLUSION: Increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the blood of patients with psoriasis may be a trigger factor for acute psoriasis in patients who have suffered from COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":19562,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2024.11800
Tran Thi Huyen, Pham Thi Minh Phuong, Pham Thi Lan, Ley Huyen My, Nguyen Thi Ha Vinh, L. H. Doanh
BACKGROUND: Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Some immunological and genetic factors are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, including tumor necrotic factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-17. IL-1β is one of the most prominent cytokines associated with the innate immune response. AIMS: The study aimed to evaluate the serum level of IL-1β in SJS/TEN and the relation between it and the progress of SJS/TEN. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, in Hanoi, Vietnam, from October 2017 to September 2019. 48 SJS/TEN patients, 43 erythema multiforme (EM) patients, and 20 healthy controls (HCs) participated. IL-1β levels were measured using the fluorescence covalent microbead immunosorbent assay (ProcartaPlex Immunoassay Panels kit, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare serum IL-1β levels. The Wilcoxon tests were used to compare quantitative variables before and after the treatment. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS: 19 SJS patients (39.5%) and 29 TEN patients (60.5%) participated in our study. The mean age was 49.3 years; the range was 19–77 years (47.9% males; 52.1% females). The most common causative drugs were traditional medicine (29.1%), carbamazepine (12.5%), and allopurinol (12.5%). On the day of hospitalization, the mean serum level of IL-1β of the SJS/TEN group was 26.4 ± 81.7 pg/mL, ranging from 0.5 pg/mL to 447 pg/mL. This level was significantly lower than that of the HCs group (p < 0.001) but not lower than that of the EM group. The mean serum level of IL-1β in the SJS/TEN patients on the day of hospitalization was 26.4 ± 81.7 pg/ml, higher than that on the day of re-epithelialization (1.9 ± 5.6 pg/mL) and the difference was statistically significant with p < 0.01. CONCLUSION: Serum IL-1β level in SJS/TEN patients is lower than in HCs. It is not a good biomarker to differentiate SJS/TEN from EM.
{"title":"Serum Levels of Interleukin-1 Beta are Decreased in Patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis at the Time of Hospitalization","authors":"Tran Thi Huyen, Pham Thi Minh Phuong, Pham Thi Lan, Ley Huyen My, Nguyen Thi Ha Vinh, L. H. Doanh","doi":"10.3889/oamjms.2024.11800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2024.11800","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Some immunological and genetic factors are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, including tumor necrotic factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-17. IL-1β is one of the most prominent cytokines associated with the innate immune response.\u0000AIMS: The study aimed to evaluate the serum level of IL-1β in SJS/TEN and the relation between it and the progress of SJS/TEN.\u0000METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, in Hanoi, Vietnam, from October 2017 to September 2019. 48 SJS/TEN patients, 43 erythema multiforme (EM) patients, and 20 healthy controls (HCs) participated. IL-1β levels were measured using the fluorescence covalent microbead immunosorbent assay (ProcartaPlex Immunoassay Panels kit, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare serum IL-1β levels. The Wilcoxon tests were used to compare quantitative variables before and after the treatment. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05.\u0000RESULTS: 19 SJS patients (39.5%) and 29 TEN patients (60.5%) participated in our study. The mean age was 49.3 years; the range was 19–77 years (47.9% males; 52.1% females). The most common causative drugs were traditional medicine (29.1%), carbamazepine (12.5%), and allopurinol (12.5%). On the day of hospitalization, the mean serum level of IL-1β of the SJS/TEN group was 26.4 ± 81.7 pg/mL, ranging from 0.5 pg/mL to 447 pg/mL. This level was significantly lower than that of the HCs group (p < 0.001) but not lower than that of the EM group. The mean serum level of IL-1β in the SJS/TEN patients on the day of hospitalization was 26.4 ± 81.7 pg/ml, higher than that on the day of re-epithelialization (1.9 ± 5.6 pg/mL) and the difference was statistically significant with p < 0.01.\u0000CONCLUSION: Serum IL-1β level in SJS/TEN patients is lower than in HCs. It is not a good biomarker to differentiate SJS/TEN from EM.","PeriodicalId":19562,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2024.11790
S. Anzhel, Emil Kovachev, Zhivko Zhekov, Boyan Georgiev
BACKGROUND: Increased nuchal translucency (NT) is associated with a high risk of chromosomal abnormalities and genetic syndromes. In fetuses with normal karyotype, thickened NT increases the likelihood of congenital heart malformations, spontaneous abortions, and stillbirths, especially in thickness > 3.5 mm. It was found that in the absence of accompanying structural abnormalities and a normal result of amniocentesis, the postnatal neurological development of the newborns did not differ from the general population. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors describe a case of sIUGR of monochorionic twins with second trimester selective umbilical cord ablation and livebirth of a healthy singleton. CONCLUSION: Abnormal NT thickness on early fetal morphology scan in euploid fetuses, especially in twin pregnancies, increase the suspicion for late complications of the pregnancy.
{"title":"Increased Nuchal Translucency in Fetuses with Normal Karyotype","authors":"S. Anzhel, Emil Kovachev, Zhivko Zhekov, Boyan Georgiev","doi":"10.3889/oamjms.2024.11790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2024.11790","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Increased nuchal translucency (NT) is associated with a high risk of chromosomal abnormalities and genetic syndromes. In fetuses with normal karyotype, thickened NT increases the likelihood of congenital heart malformations, spontaneous abortions, and stillbirths, especially in thickness > 3.5 mm. It was found that in the absence of accompanying structural abnormalities and a normal result of amniocentesis, the postnatal neurological development of the newborns did not differ from the general population.\u0000CASE PRESENTATION: The authors describe a case of sIUGR of monochorionic twins with second trimester selective umbilical cord ablation and livebirth of a healthy singleton.\u0000CONCLUSION: Abnormal NT thickness on early fetal morphology scan in euploid fetuses, especially in twin pregnancies, increase the suspicion for late complications of the pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":19562,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"54 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2024.11797
A. A. Kadhim, Abeer Al Shalchi, Ameer Bananzada
BACKGROUND: Tractional retinal detachment (TRD) poses a significant threat to vision in diabetic patients, necessitating surgical intervention. However, the choice of tamponade agent (silicone oil vs. balanced salt solution [BSS]) and the presence of incomplete hemostasis during surgery can influence postoperative complications, specifically the development of epiretinal membranes (ERMs). METHODS: This prospective study involved 235 patients undergoing 23-Gauge pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic TRD with incomplete hemostasis. Patients were categorized into two groups based on tamponade agent used. ERM development was assessed clinically and through optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS: Among the cases with incomplete hemostasis and residual preretinal hemorrhage, 71.80% of those in the silicone oil group developed ERMs, in contrast to 11.76% in the BSS. Notably, 46.2% of silicone oil cases with ERMs required reoperation, whereas 47.4% remained ERM-free. DISCUSSION: The choice of tamponade agent was a crucial determinant in ERM development, with silicone oil exhibiting a significantly higher incidence. Moreover, silicone oil cases with macular tractional effects had a substantial proportion of ERMs necessitating reoperation. These findings underscore the importance of vigilant postoperative monitoring. CONCLUSION: In cases involving incomplete hemostasis during vitrectomy for diabetic TRD, the use of silicone oil as a tamponade agent is associated with a substantially increased risk of postoperative ERM development. Clinically, this highlights the need for meticulous patient management. Further research is warranted to validate these results and explore long-term outcomes.
{"title":"Incidence of Postoperative Epiretinal Membrane Development Following 23-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Complex Diabetic Tractional Retinal Detachment: A Comparative Study of Silicone Oil and Balanced Salt Solution Tamponade","authors":"A. A. Kadhim, Abeer Al Shalchi, Ameer Bananzada","doi":"10.3889/oamjms.2024.11797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2024.11797","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Tractional retinal detachment (TRD) poses a significant threat to vision in diabetic patients, necessitating surgical intervention. However, the choice of tamponade agent (silicone oil vs. balanced salt solution [BSS]) and the presence of incomplete hemostasis during surgery can influence postoperative complications, specifically the development of epiretinal membranes (ERMs).\u0000METHODS: This prospective study involved 235 patients undergoing 23-Gauge pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic TRD with incomplete hemostasis. Patients were categorized into two groups based on tamponade agent used. ERM development was assessed clinically and through optical coherence tomography (OCT).\u0000RESULTS: Among the cases with incomplete hemostasis and residual preretinal hemorrhage, 71.80% of those in the silicone oil group developed ERMs, in contrast to 11.76% in the BSS. Notably, 46.2% of silicone oil cases with ERMs required reoperation, whereas 47.4% remained ERM-free.\u0000DISCUSSION: The choice of tamponade agent was a crucial determinant in ERM development, with silicone oil exhibiting a significantly higher incidence. Moreover, silicone oil cases with macular tractional effects had a substantial proportion of ERMs necessitating reoperation. These findings underscore the importance of vigilant postoperative monitoring.\u0000CONCLUSION: In cases involving incomplete hemostasis during vitrectomy for diabetic TRD, the use of silicone oil as a tamponade agent is associated with a substantially increased risk of postoperative ERM development. Clinically, this highlights the need for meticulous patient management. Further research is warranted to validate these results and explore long-term outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19562,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"46 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2024.11743
Inas R El-Alameey, Renad N. Aljohani, Shoog A. Allhebi, Hadel A. Alahmadi, Rawan K. Alsakrani
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There is little research on the relationship between T2DM problems and daily macronutrient intake in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Al-Madina Al-Munawara. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between T2DM complications and daily carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake in T2DM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 T2DM patients in Al-Madina Al-Munawara City, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using a questionnaire that was published on social media. The macronutrient data were collected by a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire on 2 non-consecutive days. Appropriate statistical tests were done, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the association of macronutrient intake with diabetes complications among the studied patients. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 53.8 ± 11.3 years, and 55.8% were females. The prevalence of T2DM complications was 55.8% for diabetic retinopathy, 30.4% for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 26.1% for diabetic foot, 19.6% for stroke, and 5.3% for kidney diseases with no significant difference by patients’ sex. Daily carbohydrates intake >65% was associated with an increased risk of CVD, retinopathy, and diabetic foot with odds ratio (OR) of 4.75, 4.35, and 65.5, respectively. Daily proteins intake >20% and daily fat intake ≥30% were associated with a significant increased risk of stroke and CVD, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest that high daily calorie intake from carbohydrate protein and fat plays an important role in the risk of T2DM complications. Patients with diabetes who understand the value of consuming calories from macronutrients and how to distribute their daily intake of these calories may reduce their risk of developing diabetic complications.
{"title":"Macronutrient Intake and Association with the Risk Factors of Diabetic Complications among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara","authors":"Inas R El-Alameey, Renad N. Aljohani, Shoog A. Allhebi, Hadel A. Alahmadi, Rawan K. Alsakrani","doi":"10.3889/oamjms.2024.11743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2024.11743","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Worldwide, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There is little research on the relationship between T2DM problems and daily macronutrient intake in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Al-Madina Al-Munawara.\u0000AIM: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between T2DM complications and daily carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake in T2DM patients.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 T2DM patients in Al-Madina Al-Munawara City, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using a questionnaire that was published on social media. The macronutrient data were collected by a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire on 2 non-consecutive days. Appropriate statistical tests were done, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the association of macronutrient intake with diabetes complications among the studied patients.\u0000RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 53.8 ± 11.3 years, and 55.8% were females. The prevalence of T2DM complications was 55.8% for diabetic retinopathy, 30.4% for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 26.1% for diabetic foot, 19.6% for stroke, and 5.3% for kidney diseases with no significant difference by patients’ sex. Daily carbohydrates intake >65% was associated with an increased risk of CVD, retinopathy, and diabetic foot with odds ratio (OR) of 4.75, 4.35, and 65.5, respectively. Daily proteins intake >20% and daily fat intake ≥30% were associated with a significant increased risk of stroke and CVD, respectively.\u0000CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest that high daily calorie intake from carbohydrate protein and fat plays an important role in the risk of T2DM complications. Patients with diabetes who understand the value of consuming calories from macronutrients and how to distribute their daily intake of these calories may reduce their risk of developing diabetic complications.","PeriodicalId":19562,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"53 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-28DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2024.11467
Zulkefley Mohammad, Ariff Azfarahim Ibrahim, Muhammad Alimin Mat Reffien, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, S. Rahim, M. S. Jeffree, Z. Ahmad
BACKGROUND: Prevention and control of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in Malaysia remain a challenge, especially among aborigine and rural population. Despite several community-based reports, there are lacking national data on the overall prevalence for STH infection. AIM: The study aimed to determine the prevalence, endemic species, and distribution and risk zones (RZs) for STH infections in Malaysia through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the data published between 1999 and 2019. METHODS: This study employed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The databases used in this review include SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, OVID MEDLINE, and PUBMED. The random-effects model determined the pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) while Cochran’s Q-test evaluated the heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 13240 samples were examined during the period under review with 6235 were infected with one or more species of STHs. The overall PPE for STH infections was 51% (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 34, 67). PPEs for sub-groups ranged between 13% (95% CI: 5, 22) and 69% (95% CI: 50, 87). Highest PPEs for STH infections were observed among aborigine children (69% 95% CI: 50, 87). Trichuris trichiura was the most prevalent species (46%, 95% CI: 27, 65). Over 46% (17/37) of the studies, especially among aborigine community and their area showed high-HRZ for STH infections. CONCLUSION: STH infections involving T. trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis are highly prevalent among aborigine community. Primary and secondary prevention such as the use of anthelmintic, health education, and adequate sanitation was essential in the control of these infections in Malaysia to improve individual and community health.
背景：在马来西亚，预防和控制土壤传播蠕虫（STH）感染仍是一项挑战，尤其是在原住民和农村人口中。目的：本研究旨在通过对1999年至2019年期间发表的数据进行系统性回顾和荟萃分析，确定马来西亚土壤传播蠕虫感染的流行率、流行种类、分布和风险区（RZs）。方法：本研究采用了系统性回顾和荟萃分析首选报告项目的建议。本综述使用的数据库包括 SCOPUS、WEB OF SCIENCE、OVID MEDLINE 和 PUBMED。结果：研究期间共检测了 13240 份样本，其中 6235 份样本感染了一种或多种 STHs。感染 STH 的总体 PPE 为 51%（95% 置信区间 [CI]：34-67）。亚群的 PPE 在 13% （95% 置信区间：5, 22）和 69% （95% 置信区间：50, 87）之间。原住民儿童感染性传播疾病的 PPE 值最高（69% 95% CI：50-87）。毛滴虫是最常见的病原体（46%，95% CI：27，65）。结论：在原住民社区中，涉及毛滴虫、蛔虫、钩虫和盘尾丝虫的性传播疾病感染率很高。在马来西亚，使用驱虫药、健康教育和适当的卫生条件等初级和二级预防措施对于控制这些感染以改善个人和社区健康至关重要。
{"title":"Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in Malaysia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Zulkefley Mohammad, Ariff Azfarahim Ibrahim, Muhammad Alimin Mat Reffien, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, S. Rahim, M. S. Jeffree, Z. Ahmad","doi":"10.3889/oamjms.2024.11467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2024.11467","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Prevention and control of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in Malaysia remain a challenge, especially among aborigine and rural population. Despite several community-based reports, there are lacking national data on the overall prevalence for STH infection.\u0000AIM: The study aimed to determine the prevalence, endemic species, and distribution and risk zones (RZs) for STH infections in Malaysia through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the data published between 1999 and 2019.\u0000METHODS: This study employed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The databases used in this review include SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, OVID MEDLINE, and PUBMED. The random-effects model determined the pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) while Cochran’s Q-test evaluated the heterogeneity.\u0000RESULTS: A total of 13240 samples were examined during the period under review with 6235 were infected with one or more species of STHs. The overall PPE for STH infections was 51% (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 34, 67). PPEs for sub-groups ranged between 13% (95% CI: 5, 22) and 69% (95% CI: 50, 87). Highest PPEs for STH infections were observed among aborigine children (69% 95% CI: 50, 87). Trichuris trichiura was the most prevalent species (46%, 95% CI: 27, 65). Over 46% (17/37) of the studies, especially among aborigine community and their area showed high-HRZ for STH infections.\u0000CONCLUSION: STH infections involving T. trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis are highly prevalent among aborigine community. Primary and secondary prevention such as the use of anthelmintic, health education, and adequate sanitation was essential in the control of these infections in Malaysia to improve individual and community health.","PeriodicalId":19562,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140490390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-28DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2024.11631
A. A. N. J. Kusuma
BACKGROUND: Based on data until December 31, 2020, confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reached nearly 750,000 cases, COVID-19 can infect pregnant women because a reduction in the immune receptor and increase in another pro-inflammatory factor. Complications include fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes, fetal death, chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia, sepsis, renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. A serial chest X-ray is used as a basis for assessing COVID-19 progression. An experimental study in Italy proposed a scoring system known as the Brixia score divides the chest X-ray image posteroanterior or anteroposterior into 3 zones, namely, the upper, middle, and lower zones labeled as A to F, then assess the abnormalities that exist in each area with a score of 0–3, a score of ranges from 0 to 18. This score can be used to assess the severity of symptoms suffered by confirmed patients and determine the patient’s prognosis. AIM: This study aims to determine the characteristics of the chest X-ray and Brixia score in pregnancy with COVID-19 infection. METHODS: This descriptive research aims to describe the characteristics of the chest X-ray and the Brixia score in pregnancy with COVID-19 infection in pregnancy at the Department/KSM Obstetrics and Gynecology FK Udayana/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. This research carried out from April 2020 to March 2021. The sample of this study was all pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar during the period April 2020–March 2021. Data collected are all pregnant women who are confirmed to have COVID-19 and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Data recorded and data tabulation is carried out according to characteristics that have been determined, then data processing is carried out descriptive. RESULTS: In pregnant patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the period from April 2020 to March 2021, there were 95 people. The highest proportion of mothers pregnant with COVID-19 infection performs antenatal care checks at midwives and Obstetric Gynecologist (47.4%) with age 20–35 years (86.3%), primipara (41.1%), age term pregnancy (74.7%), and using the abdominal method for delivery (87.4%). X-ray results that it was found that from 95 pregnant women, there were 56 pregnant women with thorax abnormal and 39 with normal conditions. The highest proportion of the X-ray results was obtained pregnant with COVID-19 infection with abnormal thorax consolidation lesions found (94.6%) and the distribution of the lesions on the right lung side (39.3%). Based on the cross-tabulated analysis, it can be seen that the consolidation lesion is found in all Brixia scores with the highest proportion in the 0–5 category, which is 80.3%. Results chest X-ray of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection with Brixia score 0–5 had the same values including pleural effusion lesions 1.8%, pulmonary edema 1.8%, and fibrotic by 1.8%. CONCLUSION: Following concl
{"title":"Description of Thorax X-ray and Brixia Score in Pregnancy with COVID-19 Infection","authors":"A. A. N. J. Kusuma","doi":"10.3889/oamjms.2024.11631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2024.11631","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Based on data until December 31, 2020, confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reached nearly 750,000 cases, COVID-19 can infect pregnant women because a reduction in the immune receptor and increase in another pro-inflammatory factor. Complications include fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes, fetal death, chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia, sepsis, renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. A serial chest X-ray is used as a basis for assessing COVID-19 progression. An experimental study in Italy proposed a scoring system known as the Brixia score divides the chest X-ray image posteroanterior or anteroposterior into 3 zones, namely, the upper, middle, and lower zones labeled as A to F, then assess the abnormalities that exist in each area with a score of 0–3, a score of ranges from 0 to 18. This score can be used to assess the severity of symptoms suffered by confirmed patients and determine the patient’s prognosis.\u0000AIM: This study aims to determine the characteristics of the chest X-ray and Brixia score in pregnancy with COVID-19 infection.\u0000METHODS: This descriptive research aims to describe the characteristics of the chest X-ray and the Brixia score in pregnancy with COVID-19 infection in pregnancy at the Department/KSM Obstetrics and Gynecology FK Udayana/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. This research carried out from April 2020 to March 2021. The sample of this study was all pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar during the period April 2020–March 2021. Data collected are all pregnant women who are confirmed to have COVID-19 and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Data recorded and data tabulation is carried out according to characteristics that have been determined, then data processing is carried out descriptive.\u0000RESULTS: In pregnant patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the period from April 2020 to March 2021, there were 95 people. The highest proportion of mothers pregnant with COVID-19 infection performs antenatal care checks at midwives and Obstetric Gynecologist (47.4%) with age 20–35 years (86.3%), primipara (41.1%), age term pregnancy (74.7%), and using the abdominal method for delivery (87.4%). X-ray results that it was found that from 95 pregnant women, there were 56 pregnant women with thorax abnormal and 39 with normal conditions. The highest proportion of the X-ray results was obtained pregnant with COVID-19 infection with abnormal thorax consolidation lesions found (94.6%) and the distribution of the lesions on the right lung side (39.3%). Based on the cross-tabulated analysis, it can be seen that the consolidation lesion is found in all Brixia scores with the highest proportion in the 0–5 category, which is 80.3%. Results chest X-ray of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection with Brixia score 0–5 had the same values including pleural effusion lesions 1.8%, pulmonary edema 1.8%, and fibrotic by 1.8%.\u0000CONCLUSION: Following concl","PeriodicalId":19562,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"264 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140491247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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