Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2024-2-130-140
Eliza N. Yakhina, Gulnara M. Sharafutdinova
Control of the gas transportation process is the main direction in the operation of gas pipelines. The main specificity of the operating conditions of control systems lies in their geographical location along the main gas pipelines. As a rule, the facilities in operation are at a considerable distance from the control points, so automation should be used to control several parameters in the gas pipelines. The control of gas contamination is a complex and responsible process, the aim of which is to detect and prevent possible gas leaks that could lead to negative consequences, including fires, explosions and pollution. Continuous air monitoring includes monitoring and analysis of air composition for harmful substances. This makes it possible to quickly determine the presence and concentration of hazardous substances in the air and to take measures to prevent and minimize their impact on workers, as well as to create healthy health and hygiene conditions for staff.The article is devoted to the safety control system, which is designed to provide an automated continuous control over the gas-air medium and parameters of temporary sealing devices during work on the linear part of the main gas pipeline. Its application makes it possible to increase the level of safe working conditions of employees during work on main gas pipelines by reducing the probability of occurrence of accidents and related losses.
{"title":"AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE GAS CONTENT AND PARAMETERS OF TEMPORARY SEALING DEVICES ON MAIN GAS PIPELINES","authors":"Eliza N. Yakhina, Gulnara M. Sharafutdinova","doi":"10.17122/ogbus-2024-2-130-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2024-2-130-140","url":null,"abstract":"Control of the gas transportation process is the main direction in the operation of gas pipelines. The main specificity of the operating conditions of control systems lies in their geographical location along the main gas pipelines. As a rule, the facilities in operation are at a considerable distance from the control points, so automation should be used to control several parameters in the gas pipelines. The control of gas contamination is a complex and responsible process, the aim of which is to detect and prevent possible gas leaks that could lead to negative consequences, including fires, explosions and pollution. Continuous air monitoring includes monitoring and analysis of air composition for harmful substances. This makes it possible to quickly determine the presence and concentration of hazardous substances in the air and to take measures to prevent and minimize their impact on workers, as well as to create healthy health and hygiene conditions for staff.The article is devoted to the safety control system, which is designed to provide an automated continuous control over the gas-air medium and parameters of temporary sealing devices during work on the linear part of the main gas pipeline. Its application makes it possible to increase the level of safe working conditions of employees during work on main gas pipelines by reducing the probability of occurrence of accidents and related losses.","PeriodicalId":19570,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Gas Business","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-161-175
Ahmed Taha Abdullah Galeb Saleh, A. T. Gilmutdinov, I. G. Lapshin
The results of physical and chemical studies of gas condensate fractions, including gasoline, kerosene and diesel, are presented. Experiments were carried out on the separation of gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel from gas condensate into fractions. The analysis showed that the collected gas condensate contains 38.02 % gasoline with a boiling point of 180 °C, 20.87 % kerosene with a boiling point of 140–240 °C and 43.67 % diesel fuel with a boiling point of 180–360 °C. The 140–240 °C fraction was obtained by secondary distillation of the straight-run fraction. The data obtained confirm that these fractions are high-quality raw materials for the production of motor gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel that meet modern standards. As a result of physical and chemical studies, the properties of the above mentioned fractions and their potential in the production of commercial petroleum products were determined.
{"title":"PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF OIL FRACTIONS FROM GAS CONDENSATE OF AL-MASILA FIELDS (REPUBLIC OF YEMEN)","authors":"Ahmed Taha Abdullah Galeb Saleh, A. T. Gilmutdinov, I. G. Lapshin","doi":"10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-161-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-161-175","url":null,"abstract":"The results of physical and chemical studies of gas condensate fractions, including gasoline, kerosene and diesel, are presented. Experiments were carried out on the separation of gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel from gas condensate into fractions. The analysis showed that the collected gas condensate contains 38.02 % gasoline with a boiling point of 180 °C, 20.87 % kerosene with a boiling point of 140–240 °C and 43.67 % diesel fuel with a boiling point of 180–360 °C. The 140–240 °C fraction was obtained by secondary distillation of the straight-run fraction. The data obtained confirm that these fractions are high-quality raw materials for the production of motor gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel that meet modern standards. As a result of physical and chemical studies, the properties of the above mentioned fractions and their potential in the production of commercial petroleum products were determined.","PeriodicalId":19570,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Gas Business","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-176-194
Subramaniam Janakiraman
Cyber Security is an increasingly important subject while designing an Industrial Automation and Control System (IACS). IACS carries lot of data regarding a facility – Offshore production platform, process platform, Onshore Refinery, Petrochemical, Chemical plant etc. These data are very important to the end-users and stake holders in terms of assessment of production rate, quality of the produce, pros and cons in maintaining the facility, sales, profits and losses, future plans etc. This write-up provides an insight into the following topics:• What is a Cyber Security?• Types of Cyber Security• Why is Cyber Security important to industry?• Ways to implement Cyber Security – for IACS• Applicable Industry Standards – for IACS• CAPEX and OPEX involved• Management of Cyber Security Package• Conclusion
{"title":"CYBER SECURITY FOR INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS","authors":"Subramaniam Janakiraman","doi":"10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-176-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-176-194","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber Security is an increasingly important subject while designing an Industrial Automation and Control System (IACS). IACS carries lot of data regarding a facility – Offshore production platform, process platform, Onshore Refinery, Petrochemical, Chemical plant etc. These data are very important to the end-users and stake holders in terms of assessment of production rate, quality of the produce, pros and cons in maintaining the facility, sales, profits and losses, future plans etc.\u0000This write-up provides an insight into the following topics:• What is a Cyber Security?• Types of Cyber Security• Why is Cyber Security important to industry?• Ways to implement Cyber Security – for IACS• Applicable Industry Standards – for IACS• CAPEX and OPEX involved• Management of Cyber Security Package• Conclusion","PeriodicalId":19570,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Gas Business","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-53-74
Svetlana V. Onopenko, Maksim V. Prosin, Irina M. Ugarova, Anastasia S. Ushakova, Natalya N. Turova, E. I. Stabrovskaya
The article discusses issues of safety culture as a way to reduce injuries. The situation of industrial safety in Russia over the past few years, statistics of industrial injuries in different countries of the world are considered. Shown are statistics of fatal work injuries per 100 thousand workers. The main causes of industrial injuries and accidents are given. A survey was conducted to find out whether employees adhere to the safety culture. Based on the survey results, a method was proposed to reduce injuries at the enterprise. Organizational methods and techniques for improving safety culture are proposed.
{"title":"MANAGING SAFETY CULTURE AS A WAY TO REDUCING INJURIES AT AN ENTERPRISE","authors":"Svetlana V. Onopenko, Maksim V. Prosin, Irina M. Ugarova, Anastasia S. Ushakova, Natalya N. Turova, E. I. Stabrovskaya","doi":"10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-53-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-53-74","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses issues of safety culture as a way to reduce injuries. The situation of industrial safety in Russia over the past few years, statistics of industrial injuries in different countries of the world are considered. Shown are statistics of fatal work injuries per 100 thousand workers. The main causes of industrial injuries and accidents are given. A survey was conducted to find out whether employees adhere to the safety culture. Based on the survey results, a method was proposed to reduce injuries at the enterprise. Organizational methods and techniques for improving safety culture are proposed.","PeriodicalId":19570,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Gas Business","volume":"141 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-149-160
Vitaliy S. Lavrentev, Bulat R. Makhmudov, Vera V. Fomina, Dmitriy A. Kuvaitsev, Nikita S. Zatylkin, Sergey V. Anpilogov
The article discusses issues related to energy saving of the coolant – high, medium and low pressure water vapor in the condensate pumping system at the gasoline selective hydrotreating plant. The analysis of the current condensate pumping system is carried out and its main disadvantages are indicated. Retrofitting of the pumping system is proposed. A return line has been added and a pair of centrifugal pumps has been included in the technological scheme, a calculation has been made. The replacement of the equipment will optimize the steam consumption inside the gasoline selective hydrotreating plant and will reduce the cost of repair and maintenance of the unit, as well as electricity consumed for technological needs.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONDENSATE PUMPING SYSTEM AT THE GASOLINE SELECTIVE HYDROTREATING PLANT","authors":"Vitaliy S. Lavrentev, Bulat R. Makhmudov, Vera V. Fomina, Dmitriy A. Kuvaitsev, Nikita S. Zatylkin, Sergey V. Anpilogov","doi":"10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-149-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-149-160","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses issues related to energy saving of the coolant – high, medium and low pressure water vapor in the condensate pumping system at the gasoline selective hydrotreating plant. The analysis of the current condensate pumping system is carried out and its main disadvantages are indicated. Retrofitting of the pumping system is proposed. A return line has been added and a pair of centrifugal pumps has been included in the technological scheme, a calculation has been made. The replacement of the equipment will optimize the steam consumption inside the gasoline selective hydrotreating plant and will reduce the cost of repair and maintenance of the unit, as well as electricity consumed for technological needs.","PeriodicalId":19570,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Gas Business","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-6-17
F. Khafizov, I. K. Bakirov, Liliya H. Zaripova, Inna V. Ozden, Tatyana V. Latypova
With the entry into force in 2009 of Federal Law No. 123-FZ «Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements», fire risk assessment, fire audit and the development of fire safety declarations have become more relevant. The provision of the object of protection with primary fire extinguishing means, namely fire extinguishers, has a great influence on the value of fire risk. In this article, the use of fire extinguishers in case of accidents at hazardous production facilities is studied, measures and ways to solve emerging problems associated with the lack of additional research and field tests are proposed.
{"title":"REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR CALCULATING FIRE RISK AND ACCIDENTS AT HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND THE IMPACT OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER USE ON THE CALCULATIONS","authors":"F. Khafizov, I. K. Bakirov, Liliya H. Zaripova, Inna V. Ozden, Tatyana V. Latypova","doi":"10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-6-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-6-17","url":null,"abstract":"With the entry into force in 2009 of Federal Law No. 123-FZ «Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements», fire risk assessment, fire audit and the development of fire safety declarations have become more relevant. The provision of the object of protection with primary fire extinguishing means, namely fire extinguishers, has a great influence on the value of fire risk.\u0000In this article, the use of fire extinguishers in case of accidents at hazardous production facilities is studied, measures and ways to solve emerging problems associated with the lack of additional research and field tests are proposed.","PeriodicalId":19570,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Gas Business","volume":"134 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-131-148
S. R. Sakhibgareev, A. D. Badikova, Mikhail A. Tsadkin, Ivan M. Borisov, I. N. Kulyashova, Margarita R. Sultanova
When carrying out thermocatalytic destruction of hydrocarbon feedstock, catalysts are deactivated due to the formation of surface coke, which blocks active centers. In order to restore their previous activity and selectivity, as well as extend their service life, a process of catalyst regeneration is carried out. One of the effective methods for restoring the original activity of deactivated catalysts is oxidative regeneration, which is based on the oxidation of coke deposits on the surface of the catalyst. The article examines the dependences of the formation of surface coke when varying the temperature regime of the process from 450 °C to 550 °C during the thermocatalytic destruction of heavy petroleum feedstock – West Siberian oil fuel oil in the presence of a new metal complex catalytic system, where the active component is a chloroferrate complex (NaFeCl4 or TCFN) in an amount 10 %, deposited on a carrier, which is a deeply decationized Ymmm zeolite of the acidic form (H-form). The patterns of oxidative regeneration of a metal-complex catalytic system were studied by distilling off highly volatile products in a flow of inert gas (helium) and oxygen-containing gas. During the experiments, it was found that with an increase in the temperature of the thermocatalytic destruction process from 450 °C to 550 °C, a slight increase in coarse deposits on the surface of the catalyst was observed from 2,6 % wt. up to 3,5 % wt. respectively. When carrying out the process of oxidative regeneration of a carbonized catalyst with air oxygen (in a flow of helium) at a temperature of 500 °C for 60 min only volatile components are initially removed, and further calcination takes up to 180 min allows for complete burning of surface coke.
在对碳氢化合物原料进行热催化破坏时，催化剂会因表面焦炭的形成而失活，焦炭会阻塞活性中心。为了恢复催化剂以前的活性和选择性，并延长其使用寿命，需要进行催化剂再生处理。氧化再生是恢复失活催化剂原有活性的有效方法之一，它以催化剂表面沉积的焦炭氧化为基础。文章研究了在新型金属络合催化体系存在下对重质石油原料--西西伯利亚石油燃料油进行热催化破坏过程中，当工艺温度从 450 °C 变化到 550 °C 时表面焦炭形成的相关性，该催化体系的活性组分是氯铁酸酯络合物（NaFeCl4 或 TCFN），含量为 10%，沉积在载体上，载体是酸性形式（H-form）的深度分解 Ymmm 沸石。通过在惰性气体（氦气）和含氧气体流中蒸馏出高挥发性产物，研究了金属络合催化系统的氧化再生模式。在实验过程中发现，随着热催化破坏过程的温度从 450 °C 提高到 550 °C，催化剂表面的粗沉积物略有增加，分别从 2.6 % 重量比增加到 3.5 % 重量比。在 500 °C 的温度下，用空气氧气（在氦气流中）对碳化催化剂进行 60 分钟的氧化再生过程，最初只去除挥发性成分，进一步煅烧需要 180 分钟才能完全燃烧表面焦炭。
{"title":"OXIDATIVE REGENERATION OF METAL COMPLEX CATALYTIC SYSTEM","authors":"S. R. Sakhibgareev, A. D. Badikova, Mikhail A. Tsadkin, Ivan M. Borisov, I. N. Kulyashova, Margarita R. Sultanova","doi":"10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-131-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-131-148","url":null,"abstract":"When carrying out thermocatalytic destruction of hydrocarbon feedstock, catalysts are deactivated due to the formation of surface coke, which blocks active centers. In order to restore their previous activity and selectivity, as well as extend their service life, a process of catalyst regeneration is carried out. One of the effective methods for restoring the original activity of deactivated catalysts is oxidative regeneration, which is based on the oxidation of coke deposits on the surface of the catalyst.\u0000The article examines the dependences of the formation of surface coke when varying the temperature regime of the process from 450 °C to 550 °C during the thermocatalytic destruction of heavy petroleum feedstock – West Siberian oil fuel oil in the presence of a new metal complex catalytic system, where the active component is a chloroferrate complex (NaFeCl4 or TCFN) in an amount 10 %, deposited on a carrier, which is a deeply decationized Ymmm zeolite of the acidic form (H-form). The patterns of oxidative regeneration of a metal-complex catalytic system were studied by distilling off highly volatile products in a flow of inert gas (helium) and oxygen-containing gas.\u0000During the experiments, it was found that with an increase in the temperature of the thermocatalytic destruction process from 450 °C to 550 °C, a slight increase in coarse deposits on the surface of the catalyst was observed from 2,6 % wt. up to 3,5 % wt. respectively. When carrying out the process of oxidative regeneration of a carbonized catalyst with air oxygen (in a flow of helium) at a temperature of 500 °C for 60 min only volatile components are initially removed, and further calcination takes up to 180 min allows for complete burning of surface coke.","PeriodicalId":19570,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Gas Business","volume":"75 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-89-104
M. N. Amiraslanova, Shakhla R. Aliyeva, P. E. Isayeva, N. Abdullayeva, R. A. Rustamov, F.A. Mammadzada, Saida F. Akhmedbekova
Monoalkyl(C8-C12)phenol-formaldehyde oligomers modified with imidazolines and amidoamines based on natural petroleum acids and polyamines have been synthesized. Diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, polyethylenepolyamines were used as amine compounds in obtaining nitrogen-containing modifiers. The component and quantitative composition of monoalkyl(C8-C12)phenol-formaldehyde oligomers modified with imidazolines and amidoamines of various compositions, the conditions for their preparation are given. The significance of the conducted research is substantiated.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF MONOALKYL(C8-C12)PHENOLFORMALDEHYDE OLIGOMERS MODIFIED WITH IMIDAZOLINES AND AMIDAOAMINES BASED ON NATURAL PETROLEUM ACIDS AND POLYAMINES","authors":"M. N. Amiraslanova, Shakhla R. Aliyeva, P. E. Isayeva, N. Abdullayeva, R. A. Rustamov, F.A. Mammadzada, Saida F. Akhmedbekova","doi":"10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-89-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-89-104","url":null,"abstract":"Monoalkyl(C8-C12)phenol-formaldehyde oligomers modified with imidazolines and amidoamines based on natural petroleum acids and polyamines have been synthesized. Diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, polyethylenepolyamines were used as amine compounds in obtaining nitrogen-containing modifiers. The component and quantitative composition of monoalkyl(C8-C12)phenol-formaldehyde oligomers modified with imidazolines and amidoamines of various compositions, the conditions for their preparation are given. The significance of the conducted research is substantiated.","PeriodicalId":19570,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Gas Business","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-195-237
Yu. V. Zagashvili, Aleksey M. Kuzmin, Vasily N. Efremov
The concept of a low-tonnage methanol production plant in field production conditions is presented. The developed small-sized transportable installation ensures safety, reliability and maintainability in operation with a base capacity of 5,000 t of raw methanol per year. The technological process consists of two main stages: first, synthesis gas is obtained by partial oxidation of the prepared natural gas with air, and then synthesis gas is fed into a multi-reactor cascade of the methanol synthesis complex. The main apparatus of the installation is a domestic three-component (natural gas – air – chemically treated water) synthesis gas generator (SGG), which includes: mixing head, ignition device, combustion chamber, water injection unit, evaporation chamber. The technological complex of synthesis gas with SGG binding is described, the dimensions, parameters and performance of SGG are indicated, data from numerical modeling of partial oxidation of natural gas to obtain nitrogen-ballasted synthesis gas for the synthesis of methanol are presented. A simplified technological complex for the synthesis of methanol has been developed, which includes a direct-flow multi-reactor cascade with the release of raw methanol after each reactor, and numerical modeling of the cascade of synthesis of raw methanol has been carried out. As a result of the research, the degrees of conversion of carbon oxides into methanol were determined, which made it possible to assess the need for application of a three-reactor cascade with a degree of conversion up to 60 % and with a specific capacity of about 800–900 kg/h of raw methanol per 1000 nm3/h of natural gas. Experimental laboratory data are presented, which coincide with the calculations of the material balances of the installation devices.
{"title":"LOW-TONNAGE METHANOL PRODUCTION PLANT IN FIELD CONDITIONS","authors":"Yu. V. Zagashvili, Aleksey M. Kuzmin, Vasily N. Efremov","doi":"10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-195-237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-195-237","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of a low-tonnage methanol production plant in field production conditions is presented. The developed small-sized transportable installation ensures safety, reliability and maintainability in operation with a base capacity of 5,000 t of raw methanol per year. The technological process consists of two main stages: first, synthesis gas is obtained by partial oxidation of the prepared natural gas with air, and then synthesis gas is fed into a multi-reactor cascade of the methanol synthesis complex. The main apparatus of the installation is a domestic three-component (natural gas – air – chemically treated water) synthesis gas generator (SGG), which includes: mixing head, ignition device, combustion chamber, water injection unit, evaporation chamber. The technological complex of synthesis gas with SGG binding is described, the dimensions, parameters and performance of SGG are indicated, data from numerical modeling of partial oxidation of natural gas to obtain nitrogen-ballasted synthesis gas for the synthesis of methanol are presented. A simplified technological complex for the synthesis of methanol has been developed, which includes a direct-flow multi-reactor cascade with the release of raw methanol after each reactor, and numerical modeling of the cascade of synthesis of raw methanol has been carried out. As a result of the research, the degrees of conversion of carbon oxides into methanol were determined, which made it possible to assess the need for application of a three-reactor cascade with a degree of conversion up to 60 % and with a specific capacity of about 800–900 kg/h of raw methanol per 1000 nm3/h of natural gas. Experimental laboratory data are presented, which coincide with the calculations of the material balances of the installation devices.","PeriodicalId":19570,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Gas Business","volume":"134 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2024-1-34-52
S. R. Kildibaeva, Maxim V. Stolpovsky
In a previously published article, the problem of mathematical modeling of the operation and installation of a special device – a separator dome designed to collect hydrocarbons for cases of deep-sea leaks was given, three initial stages of modeling the installation of the device were described. This paper describes in detail the remaining stages of installing the dome: the accumulation of a layer of gas, the final stage of installing the dome, when the tubes for pumping oil and gas are connected to the device and the device begins to work in stationary mode. Let's take a closer look at each of the stages. The fourth stage of the dome installation is associated with the achievement of a given height (at which the gas bubbles have not yet passed into the hydrate state) and the beginning of the migration of gas bubbles inside the dome. First, the gas bubbles migrate into layer of liquid immiscible with water, then in the oil layer. During this process, all the gas coming from the jet completely enters the tank. At the fifth stage, gas accumulations inside the tank are considered. At the sixth stage, the study of the accumulation of layers of gas and oil continues, but at the same time the reservoir itself sinks to the bottom of the reservoir at a constant speed. This is necessary to subsequently secure the dome and prevent oil and gas from leaking out of the dome. The seventh stage is the final one. At this stage, we believe that the dome is fixed on the ocean floor, pipes for pumping oil and gas are connected to it. As a result of the created mathematical model of the dome-separator operation, dependences characterizing the process of installation and functioning of the dome, the temperature dependences of gas and oil layers accumulated inside the dome, as well as the dynamics of accumulation of the corresponding layers in the dome are obtained. The characteristic start and end times of each of the stages are described.
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