Recently, huge awareness has been accorded to potential circulation of SARS- CoV-2 through water systems. This work deals with this problem and researches the behavior of coronaviruses (CoVs) in water media, with specific interest on the new data on the fresh SARS-CoV-2. The examination of the natural persistence of CoVs and the performance of the disinfection technologies are also discussed. All CoVs have a restricted stability in water media: 2 - 5 days in tap water and 2 - 6 days in wastewater were judged enough for 2-log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 titer. SARS-CoV-2 is distinguished by a weak construction and is vulnerable to traditional disinfection technologies that have been demonstrated to be very efficient in their neutralization. Approximately 5 min of exposure to sodium hypochlorite (1%), ethanol (70%), iodine (7.5%), soap solution and additional usual disinfectants was enough for reaching 7 - 8-log of SARS-CoV-2 titer decrease. Thermal treatment is efficacious in SARS-CoV-2 demobilization: 30 min at 56 or 5 min at 70°C were enough for attaining the total depletion of the infectivity. Further, SARS-CoV-2 remains vulnerable to sunlight and quickly demobilized by UV radiation. UV-C at 254 nm and intensity of 2.2 mW/cm2 yields 3-log of SARS-CoV-2 titer decrease in less than 3 s of application. Consequently for SARS-CoV-2 disinfection, usual injections of killing agents remain required for sanitation and for wastewater treatment. Relating to controlling CoVs diffusion and applying disinfection technologies, vigilance remains essential.
{"title":"Exploring What Lies Ahead in the Field of Disinfecting Coronavirus","authors":"D. Ghernaout, N. Elboughdiri","doi":"10.4236/OALIB.1107487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OALIB.1107487","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, huge awareness has been accorded to potential circulation of SARS- CoV-2 through water systems. This work deals with this problem and researches the behavior of coronaviruses (CoVs) in water media, with specific interest on the new data on the fresh SARS-CoV-2. The examination of the natural persistence of CoVs and the performance of the disinfection technologies are also discussed. All CoVs have a restricted stability in water media: 2 - 5 days in tap water and 2 - 6 days in wastewater were judged enough for 2-log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 titer. SARS-CoV-2 is distinguished by a weak construction and is vulnerable to traditional disinfection technologies that have been demonstrated to be very efficient in their neutralization. Approximately 5 min of exposure to sodium hypochlorite (1%), ethanol (70%), iodine (7.5%), soap solution and additional usual disinfectants was enough for reaching 7 - 8-log of SARS-CoV-2 titer decrease. Thermal treatment is efficacious in SARS-CoV-2 demobilization: 30 min at 56 or 5 min at 70°C were enough for attaining the total depletion of the infectivity. Further, SARS-CoV-2 remains vulnerable to sunlight and quickly demobilized by UV radiation. UV-C at 254 nm and intensity of 2.2 mW/cm2 yields 3-log of SARS-CoV-2 titer decrease in less than 3 s of application. Consequently for SARS-CoV-2 disinfection, usual injections of killing agents remain required for sanitation and for wastewater treatment. Relating to controlling CoVs diffusion and applying disinfection technologies, vigilance remains essential.","PeriodicalId":19593,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Library Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74811528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thiago Reixach Pires de Souza, Wilson Sacchi Peternella
In the present work, the biomass known as the malt bagasse, a by-product of the brewing industry, was studied as a biosorbent of acetic acid, in order to evaluate its potential use as an ion exchanger in effluent treatment systems. The process is based on the phenomenon of biosorption, an interface phenomenon, which is the natural accumulation of a solute on the surface of a solid. The studied phenomenon is that of acetic acid adsorption in malt bagasse biomass. In the present work, the influence test of the biomass quantity was carried out, and it was verified that 40 g/L is the ideal concentration of malt bagasse in the acetic acid adsorption process. A kinetic study was also carried out, where a contact time of 20 minutes was defined to reach the balance between the solid/liquid phase. In the identification of the pseudo-second order kinetic model, it was the one that best fitted the experimental data, and based on the intra-particle diffusion model, it was found that more than one step comprises the biosorption mechanism, with intra-particle diffusion being limiting step. Based on this information, the chemical equilibrium test of the solid/liquid phase was performed using the mathematical models of Langmuir and Freundlich, thus presenting, for the malt bagasse, a maximum acetic acid adsorption capacity of approximately 30 mg/g. Where experimental data best fit the Langmuir isotherm. The results show a significant potential for the malt bagasse to remove organic acid in effluents.
{"title":"Study of Malt Bagasse Biomass as Biosorbent for Acetic Acid Removal in Effluents","authors":"Thiago Reixach Pires de Souza, Wilson Sacchi Peternella","doi":"10.4236/OALIB.1107478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OALIB.1107478","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the biomass known as the malt bagasse, a by-product of the brewing industry, was studied as a biosorbent of acetic acid, in order to evaluate its potential use as an ion exchanger in effluent treatment systems. The process is based on the phenomenon of biosorption, an interface phenomenon, which is the natural accumulation of a solute on the surface of a solid. The studied phenomenon is that of acetic acid adsorption in malt bagasse biomass. In the present work, the influence test of the biomass quantity was carried out, and it was verified that 40 g/L is the ideal concentration of malt bagasse in the acetic acid adsorption process. A kinetic study was also carried out, where a contact time of 20 minutes was defined to reach the balance between the solid/liquid phase. In the identification of the pseudo-second order kinetic model, it was the one that best fitted the experimental data, and based on the intra-particle diffusion model, it was found that more than one step comprises the biosorption mechanism, with intra-particle diffusion being limiting step. Based on this information, the chemical equilibrium test of the solid/liquid phase was performed using the mathematical models of Langmuir and Freundlich, thus presenting, for the malt bagasse, a maximum acetic acid adsorption capacity of approximately 30 mg/g. Where experimental data best fit the Langmuir isotherm. The results show a significant potential for the malt bagasse to remove organic acid in effluents.","PeriodicalId":19593,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Library Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78198924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study highlights the relation between organizational learning and transformational leadership, recognizes the significance of transformational leadership and explores its association with organizational learning. Organizations can become more competitive by bridging the gap between the existing transformational leadership talents, skills and the organizational learning levels based on the leaders’ commitment and dedication that gives a new life to an organization. Some leaders have better capabilities and capacities to make their organizations more competitive as compared to others, and they do so by focusing on important factors, which improve organizational learning. Their aim is reinforcement of transformational leadership and improving the organizational members’ learning processes and competences to help them adapt to changes taking place in the business environment for achieving learning that results in organizational excellence. For exploring learning issues, results mentioned in the previous literature indicate that a positive relation exists between organizational learning and transformational leadership, while the former directly affects the development of creativity, skills, innovation, and capabilities.
{"title":"Exploring the Link between Organizational Learning and Transformational Leadership: A Review","authors":"I. Mohamed, N. M. M. Otman","doi":"10.4236/OALIB.1107242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OALIB.1107242","url":null,"abstract":"This study highlights the relation between organizational learning and transformational leadership, recognizes the significance of transformational leadership and explores its association with organizational learning. Organizations can become more competitive by bridging the gap between the existing transformational leadership talents, skills and the organizational learning levels based on the leaders’ commitment and dedication that gives a new life to an organization. Some leaders have better capabilities and capacities to make their organizations more competitive as compared to others, and they do so by focusing on important factors, which improve organizational learning. Their aim is reinforcement of transformational leadership and improving the organizational members’ learning processes and competences to help them adapt to changes taking place in the business environment for achieving learning that results in organizational excellence. For exploring learning issues, results mentioned in the previous literature indicate that a positive relation exists between organizational learning and transformational leadership, while the former directly affects the development of creativity, skills, innovation, and capabilities.","PeriodicalId":19593,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Library Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89548219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the granite pegmatite niobium-tantalum rare metal mining area in Renli, Pingjiang County, Hunan Province, the multi-element X-ray fluorescence measurement of soil was carried out using a handheld X-ray fluorometer on three survey lines passing through known veins. The element combination and amplitude of the mineral-induced X-ray fluorescence anomaly and the spatial correlation between mineral-induced anomalies and the ore body are studied. The results show that there are positive anomalies of K, Nb, Ta, Rb, Y, and negative anomalies (or low-value areas) of Fe, Ni, Zn, and Zr at the outcropping site or above the outcropping projection site. Therefore, the abnormal X fluorescence of the target elements Nb, Ta, Rb, and the abnormal multi-element X fluorescence accumulation ratio of (Nb + Ta + Rb + Y)/(Fe + Ni + Sr + Zr) can be used as the basis for quickly evaluating the minerality of granite pegmatite veins.
在湖南省平江县仁礼花岗岩伟晶岩铌钽稀有金属矿区，利用手持式x射线荧光仪对三条穿过已知矿脉的测量线进行了土壤多元素x射线荧光测量。研究了矿致x射线荧光异常的元素组合、幅值以及矿致异常与矿体的空间相关性。结果表明:露头部位及露头投影部位以上存在K、Nb、Ta、Rb、Y正异常，Fe、Ni、Zn、Zr负异常(或低值区);因此，靶元素Nb、Ta、Rb的X荧光异常及(Nb + Ta + Rb + Y)/(Fe + Ni + Sr + Zr)的多元素X荧光异常累积比可作为快速评价花岗岩辉晶岩脉矿物性的依据。
{"title":"Characteristics and Significance of X-Ray Fluorescence Anomaly of Granite Pegmatite Rare Metal Deposit in Renli, Hunan","authors":"Longju Zhang","doi":"10.4236/OALIB.1107467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OALIB.1107467","url":null,"abstract":"In the granite pegmatite niobium-tantalum rare metal mining area in Renli, Pingjiang County, Hunan Province, the multi-element X-ray fluorescence measurement of soil was carried out using a handheld X-ray fluorometer on three survey lines passing through known veins. The element combination and amplitude of the mineral-induced X-ray fluorescence anomaly and the spatial correlation between mineral-induced anomalies and the ore body are studied. The results show that there are positive anomalies of K, Nb, Ta, Rb, Y, and negative anomalies (or low-value areas) of Fe, Ni, Zn, and Zr at the outcropping site or above the outcropping projection site. Therefore, the abnormal X fluorescence of the target elements Nb, Ta, Rb, and the abnormal multi-element X fluorescence accumulation ratio of (Nb + Ta + Rb + Y)/(Fe + Ni + Sr + Zr) can be used as the basis for quickly evaluating the minerality of granite pegmatite veins.","PeriodicalId":19593,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Library Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89920423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elder Mauricio Silva, G. V. Moura, Sergio Da Silva
We consider an interbank market and a central bank in an agent-based macroeconomic model with credit and capital to evaluate the effects of monetary policies—conventional and quantitative easing. We find quantitative easing outperforms Taylor’s rule-style policies in smoothing out the business cycle.
{"title":"Monetary Policy Experiments in an Agent-Based Macroeconomic Model","authors":"Elder Mauricio Silva, G. V. Moura, Sergio Da Silva","doi":"10.4236/OALIB.1107471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OALIB.1107471","url":null,"abstract":"We consider an interbank market and a central bank in an agent-based macroeconomic model with credit and capital to evaluate the effects of monetary policies—conventional and quantitative easing. We find quantitative easing outperforms Taylor’s rule-style policies in smoothing out the business cycle.","PeriodicalId":19593,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Library Journal","volume":"59 4","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72616283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Gracinda Ignácio da Silva, Maria Bárbara Freire Lameira, Joseba Campos, L. A. Neri, J. C. Garcez, Gabriel Fazzi Costa, Maria Rute de Souza Araújo, Milena Farah Damous Castanho Ferreira, D. Sardinha
When considering the elderly, we must realize the profound particularities in their daily lives, because the elderly has vulnerabilities that result from the aging process. This study aims to develop a systematic review followed by meta-synthesis based on the findings of qualitative primary scientific research, on nursing care in the face of Functional Incapacity of the Elderly in Primary Health Care starting with the research question: How does the nursing care process for elderly people with functional incapacity occur in primary health care? This is a systematic literature review with the elaboration of meta-synthesis. The search for the articles occurred in the databases of the Regional Portal VHL (Virtual Health Library); Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD); PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The sample consisted of seven original articles of qualitative methodology, one of which was a mixed method. Data analysis followed the guidance of content analysis. The thematic category was identified: The process of nursing care for elderly patients with functional incapacity focuses on primary health care. It was concluded that nurses take care of elderly people with functional incapacity in the basic health unit, at home and in nursing homes, evaluating, planning, and implementing activities that prevent risks, treat complaints and integrate these elderly people into community projects. This care is performed through nursing consultation, integrated into programs, and using tools and protocols.
{"title":"Nursing Care in the Functional Disabilities of the Elderly in Primary Health Care: Systematic Review with Meta-Synthesis","authors":"Ana Gracinda Ignácio da Silva, Maria Bárbara Freire Lameira, Joseba Campos, L. A. Neri, J. C. Garcez, Gabriel Fazzi Costa, Maria Rute de Souza Araújo, Milena Farah Damous Castanho Ferreira, D. Sardinha","doi":"10.4236/OALIB.1107431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OALIB.1107431","url":null,"abstract":"When considering the elderly, we must realize the profound particularities in their daily lives, because the elderly has vulnerabilities that result from the aging process. This study aims to develop a systematic review followed by meta-synthesis based on the findings of qualitative primary scientific research, on nursing care in the face of Functional Incapacity of the Elderly in Primary Health Care starting with the research question: How does the nursing care process for elderly people with functional incapacity occur in primary health care? This is a systematic literature review with the elaboration of meta-synthesis. The search for the articles occurred in the databases of the Regional Portal VHL (Virtual Health Library); Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD); PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The sample consisted of seven original articles of qualitative methodology, one of which was a mixed method. Data analysis followed the guidance of content analysis. The thematic category was identified: The process of nursing care for elderly patients with functional incapacity focuses on primary health care. It was concluded that nurses take care of elderly people with functional incapacity in the basic health unit, at home and in nursing homes, evaluating, planning, and implementing activities that prevent risks, treat complaints and integrate these elderly people into community projects. This care is performed through nursing consultation, integrated into programs, and using tools and protocols.","PeriodicalId":19593,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Library Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79923497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cross-border e-commerce has become an important development mode of international trade, and the gap of cross-border e-commerce talents is very large. However, there are many bottlenecks in cross-border e-commerce teaching in higher vocational colleges. The teaching mode of “integration of competition, certificate and training” refers to improving students’ professional ability by participating in actual combat training and competitions related to their major. The author led her teaching team to apply and research the teaching mode of “integration of competition, certificate and training” in the teaching of cross-border e-commerce courses, and obtained some results for reference. This paper is the achievement of the general topic of the second batch of teaching reform research project (Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education JG20191068) in Zhejiang Province “13th Five-Year Plan”.
{"title":"Research on the Application of the Teaching Mode of “Integration of Competition, Certification and Training” in Cross-Border E-Commerce Course Teaching—Take Zhejiang Jinhua Vocational College of Science and Trade as an Example","authors":"Hongyan Wang","doi":"10.4236/OALIB.1107448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OALIB.1107448","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-border e-commerce has become an important development mode of international trade, and the gap of cross-border e-commerce talents is very large. However, there are many bottlenecks in cross-border e-commerce teaching in higher vocational colleges. The teaching mode of “integration of competition, certificate and training” refers to improving students’ professional ability by participating in actual combat training and competitions related to their major. The author led her teaching team to apply and research the teaching mode of “integration of competition, certificate and training” in the teaching of cross-border e-commerce courses, and obtained some results for reference. This paper is the achievement of the general topic of the second batch of teaching reform research project (Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education JG20191068) in Zhejiang Province “13th Five-Year Plan”.","PeriodicalId":19593,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Library Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83648696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid isthmus carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 76 patients with differentiated thyroid isthmus cancer diagnosed and operated in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 16 cases of single focus, 60 cases with unilateral or bilateral multiple lesions, 76 patients. Bilateral thyroidectomy and bilateral CLN dissection were performed in 57 cases, unilateral thyroidectomy plus isthmus resection plus lateral total resection and bilateral central lymph node dissection in 17 cases. 2 cases underwent bilateral thyroidectomy plus bilateral CLN dissection plus unilateral neck lateral lymph node dissection. Lymph node metastasis occurred in 42 cases and lymph node metastasis in 40 cases, including 16 cases of unilateral central lymph node metastasis, 24 cases of bilateral central lymph node metastasis, and 2 cases with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis. 16 cases of single isthmus thyroid cancer, unilateral CLNM in 7 cases (43.75%), bilateral CLNM in 4 cases (25%), no metastasis in 5 cases (31.25%), and no lateral lymph node metastasis. Hypocalcemia occurred in 7 cases and temporary hoarseness occurred in 3 cases, which returned to normal within 3 - 6 months. All 76 patients were followed up. No permanent hypoparathyroidism, cervical lymph node recurrence, distant metastasis or death occurred in all patients. Conclusion: The treatment of differentiated thyroid isthmic carcinoma should be based on the pathological diagnosis, with bilateral thyroidectomy and bilateral CLN dissection as the main treatment. For patients with single focus, diameter ≤ 1 cm and low-risk group, if the above reasons are excluded, isthmus + unilateral gland resection and bilateral central lymph node dissection are feasible.
{"title":"Clinical Analysis of 76 Cases of Differentiated Thyroid Isthmic Carcinoma after Operation","authors":"K. Xiang, Changfeng Zhang, Shunlin Zhao","doi":"10.4236/OALIB.1107350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OALIB.1107350","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid isthmus carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 76 patients with differentiated thyroid isthmus cancer diagnosed and operated in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 16 cases of single focus, 60 cases with unilateral or bilateral multiple lesions, 76 patients. Bilateral thyroidectomy and bilateral CLN dissection were performed in 57 cases, unilateral thyroidectomy plus isthmus resection plus lateral total resection and bilateral central lymph node dissection in 17 cases. 2 cases underwent bilateral thyroidectomy plus bilateral CLN dissection plus unilateral neck lateral lymph node dissection. Lymph node metastasis occurred in 42 cases and lymph node metastasis in 40 cases, including 16 cases of unilateral central lymph node metastasis, 24 cases of bilateral central lymph node metastasis, and 2 cases with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis. 16 cases of single isthmus thyroid cancer, unilateral CLNM in 7 cases (43.75%), bilateral CLNM in 4 cases (25%), no metastasis in 5 cases (31.25%), and no lateral lymph node metastasis. Hypocalcemia occurred in 7 cases and temporary hoarseness occurred in 3 cases, which returned to normal within 3 - 6 months. All 76 patients were followed up. No permanent hypoparathyroidism, cervical lymph node recurrence, distant metastasis or death occurred in all patients. Conclusion: The treatment of differentiated thyroid isthmic carcinoma should be based on the pathological diagnosis, with bilateral thyroidectomy and bilateral CLN dissection as the main treatment. For patients with single focus, diameter ≤ 1 cm and low-risk group, if the above reasons are excluded, isthmus + unilateral gland resection and bilateral central lymph node dissection are feasible.","PeriodicalId":19593,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Library Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76868596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Amusa, S. D. Ogungbenro, T. Makanju, O. Okunlola, T. Adeoti, T. Oseni, I. A. Adebisi, F. L. Amusa
A total of (90) day old broilers were used for the study to determine the carcass characteristics and organ weight changes of broiler finisher fed graded levels of acid soaked Cajanus cajan seed meal diet. The birds were randomly assigned into 3 dietary treatments of 30 birds consisting of 3 replicates of (10) birds per replicates in a completely randomized design experiment. The seeds used were purchased from Towobowo market in Igboora. The raw pigeon pea seeds were pre-treated by soaking at the rate of 1 kg/3L of water for 12 hours after which the soaked seeds were soaked at the rate of 1 kg/3L of raw pap water filtrate for 24 hours, initial and final pH was taken. The sample was sundried for 3 days, milled and then included in the diet accordingly. Birds on T1 received the control diet, T2 received 10% level of processed pigeon pea, while T3 received 20% level of processed pigeon pea. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. At the end of the 8 weeks feeding trial, three (3) birds per treatment were sacrificed for carcass analysis and internal organs were harvested to determine the weight changes in the internal organs. Results showed that there was significant (P > 0.05) difference in the live weight, dress weight, plugged weight, dressing percentage, neck, wing, breast muscle, thigh, drum stick and shank. However, there was no significant (P 0.05) in liver, lungs, spleen, kidney, bile, GIT weight, open gizzard, empty gizzard, Proventriculus and GIT length and there was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in live weight and heart. Birds on T2 had the highest value of liver (2.15%), lungs (0.56%), GIT weight (4.72%) and GIT length (5.53%) while birds on T3 had the lowest value of liver (1.84%), lungs (0.37%), GIT weight (4.01%). It can be concluded that pigeon pea soaked in acidic medium can be fed to birds without having any negative effect on carcass characteristics and organ weight changes of broiler finisher.
{"title":"Effect of Feeding Graded Levels of Acid Soaked Cajanus cajan Seed on Carcass Characteristics and Organ Weight Changes of Broiler Finisher","authors":"H. Amusa, S. D. Ogungbenro, T. Makanju, O. Okunlola, T. Adeoti, T. Oseni, I. A. Adebisi, F. L. Amusa","doi":"10.4236/OALIB.1107072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OALIB.1107072","url":null,"abstract":"A total of (90) day old broilers were used for the study to determine the carcass characteristics and organ weight changes of broiler finisher fed graded levels of acid soaked Cajanus cajan seed meal diet. The birds were randomly assigned into 3 dietary treatments of 30 birds consisting of 3 replicates of (10) birds per replicates in a completely randomized design experiment. The seeds used were purchased from Towobowo market in Igboora. The raw pigeon pea seeds were pre-treated by soaking at the rate of 1 kg/3L of water for 12 hours after which the soaked seeds were soaked at the rate of 1 kg/3L of raw pap water filtrate for 24 hours, initial and final pH was taken. The sample was sundried for 3 days, milled and then included in the diet accordingly. Birds on T1 received the control diet, T2 received 10% level of processed pigeon pea, while T3 received 20% level of processed pigeon pea. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. At the end of the 8 weeks feeding trial, three (3) birds per treatment were sacrificed for carcass analysis and internal organs were harvested to determine the weight changes in the internal organs. Results showed that there was significant (P > 0.05) difference in the live weight, dress weight, plugged weight, dressing percentage, neck, wing, breast muscle, thigh, drum stick and shank. However, there was no significant (P 0.05) in liver, lungs, spleen, kidney, bile, GIT weight, open gizzard, empty gizzard, Proventriculus and GIT length and there was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in live weight and heart. Birds on T2 had the highest value of liver (2.15%), lungs (0.56%), GIT weight (4.72%) and GIT length (5.53%) while birds on T3 had the lowest value of liver (1.84%), lungs (0.37%), GIT weight (4.01%). It can be concluded that pigeon pea soaked in acidic medium can be fed to birds without having any negative effect on carcass characteristics and organ weight changes of broiler finisher.","PeriodicalId":19593,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Library Journal","volume":"103 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80636459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life threatening syndrome of excessive immune activation. This condition can be inherited or secondary to other diseases. The therapeutic success is directly related to the rapid diagnosis with the patient who has high clinical suspicious index such as febrile illness with cytopenia, liver enzyme derangement, raised serum ferritin and low fibrinogen levels. Infection is a common trigger both in those with a genetic predisposition and in sporadic cases. We report a 31 years old man who presented with diagnosis of severe varicella zoster infection with multiorgan involvement. The laboratory data showed thrombocytopenia, an elevated level of the liver transaminases and coagulopathy. Antiviral therapy along with supportive treatment initiated. However the general condition deteriorated and he eventually required mechanical ventilation with intensive care unit support. He had persistent high spiking temperature, acute liver failure and raised serum ferritin. With the history of steroid contained health supplements ingestion prior to current hospitalization leading to immunosuppressed state, HLH was diagnosed and treatment was directed towards suppressing the overt immune response. Dexamethasone is chosen here because it can cross the blood brain barrier and tapered over the eight week induction. He responded well to treatment and discharged home.
{"title":"Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Varicella Zoster with Acute Liver Failure","authors":"S. Ramasundram, Chong Kah Kian","doi":"10.4236/OALIB.1107367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OALIB.1107367","url":null,"abstract":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life threatening syndrome of excessive immune activation. This condition can be inherited or secondary to other diseases. The therapeutic success is directly related to the rapid diagnosis with the patient who has high clinical suspicious index such as febrile illness with cytopenia, liver enzyme derangement, raised serum ferritin and low fibrinogen levels. Infection is a common trigger both in those with a genetic predisposition and in sporadic cases. We report a 31 years old man who presented with diagnosis of severe varicella zoster infection with multiorgan involvement. The laboratory data showed thrombocytopenia, an elevated level of the liver transaminases and coagulopathy. Antiviral therapy along with supportive treatment initiated. However the general condition deteriorated and he eventually required mechanical ventilation with intensive care unit support. He had persistent high spiking temperature, acute liver failure and raised serum ferritin. With the history of steroid contained health supplements ingestion prior to current hospitalization leading to immunosuppressed state, HLH was diagnosed and treatment was directed towards suppressing the overt immune response. Dexamethasone is chosen here because it can cross the blood brain barrier and tapered over the eight week induction. He responded well to treatment and discharged home.","PeriodicalId":19593,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Library Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80036798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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