Organogenesis最新文献

Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) belongs to the Gasdermin family (GSDM), which are pore-forming effector proteins that facilitate inflammatory cell death, also known as pyroptosis. This type of programmed cell death is dependent on inflammatory caspase activation, which cleaves gasdermin-D (GSDMD) to form membrane pores and initiates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pyroptosis plays an important role in achieving immune regulation and homeostasis within various organ systems. The role of GSDMD in pyroptosis has been extensively studied in recent years. In this review, we summarize the role of GSDMD in cellular and organ injury mediated by pyroptosis. We will also provide an outlook on GSDMD therapeutic targets in various organ systems.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), the most common types of cholestatic liver disease (CLD), result in enterohepatic obstruction, bile acid accumulation, and hepatotoxicity. The mechanisms by which hepatocytes respond to and cope with CLD remain largely unexplored. This study includes the characterization of hepatocytes isolated from explanted livers of patients with PBC and PSC. We examined the expression of hepatocyte-specific genes, intracellular bile acid (BA) levels, and oxidative stress in primary-human-hepatocytes (PHHs) isolated from explanted livers of patients with PBC and PSC and compared them with control normal human hepatocytes. Our findings provide valuable initial insights into the hepatocellular response to cholestasis in CLD and help support the use of PHHs as an experimental tool for these diseases.

Hippo pathway is a cellular regulatory pathway composed of core molecules such as MST1/2, LATS1/2, SAV1, MOB1A/B and downstream YAP/TAZ. Fully involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, the Hippo pathway is critical in regulating stem cells of oral origin, for instance, DPSCs and PDLSCs, enamel formation and periodontium regeneration. Here, we summarized the Hippo pathway involved in these progresses and concluded crosstalks of the Hippo pathway with BCL-2, ERK1/2, ROCK, TGF-β/BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, hoping to provide foundation for further clinical therapy.

Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is the major cause of chronic allograft dysfunction and loss in kidney transplantation. The immunological mechanisms of ABMR that have been featured in the latest studies indicate a highly complex interplay between various immune and nonimmune cell types. Clinical diagnostic standards have long been criticized for being arbitrary and the lack of accuracy. Transcriptomic approaches, including microarray and RNA sequencing of allograft biopsies, enable the identification of differential gene expression and the continuous improvement of diagnostics. Given that conventional bulk transcriptomic approaches only reflect the average gene expression but not the status at the single-cell level, thereby ignoring the heterogeneity of the transcriptome across individual cells, single-cell RNA sequencing is rising as a powerful tool to provide a high-resolution transcriptome map of immune cells, which allows the elucidation of the pathogenesis and may facilitate the development of novel strategies for clinical treatment of ABMR.

The human eyelid embodies a vast diversity of functions. Acting as a protective shield for the ocular apparatus and as a light regulator in the sight process, eyelids stand a fascinating - yet omitted - role in facial aesthetics, serving as a racial trait by which humankind succeeded to manifest heterogeneity as a species. These assumptions are precisely forecasted right from in-utero life through intricate processes of growth and cell differentiation. In the Department of Anatomy of "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, we performed morphological assessments on 41 embryos and fetuses with gestational ages ranging from 6 to 29 weeks. This study aims to illustrate the morphogenesis of eyelids in human embryos and fetuses and highlight macroscopic features which could potentially have significant clinical implications in ophthalmic pathology.

Work toward renal generation generally aims either to introduce suspensions of stem cells into kidneys in the hope that they will rebuild damaged tissue, or to construct complete new kidneys from stem cells with the aim of transplanting the engineered organs. In principle, there might be a third approach; to engineer renal tissue 'modules' in vitro and to use them to replace sections of damaged host kidney. This approach would require the urine collecting system or ureter of the new tissues to connect to those of the host. In this report, we demonstrate a method that allows collecting duct trees or ureters, engineered from ES cells, to connect to the collecting duct system or ureter, respectively, of fetal kidneys in culture.

The use of primary human hepatocytes has been hampered by limited availability of adequate numbers of fresh and viable cells due to the ongoing shortage of liver donors. Thus, there is no surplus of healthy organs from which freshly isolated cells can be prepared when needed. However, primary hepatocytes can be successfully isolated from explanted liver specimens obtained from patients receiving orthotopic liver transplantation for decompensated liver cirrhosis or for metabolic liver disease without end-stage liver disease and are a valuable resource for the pharmaceutical industry research. This review focuses on the isolation, characterization and cryopreservation of hepatocytes derived from therapeutically resected livers with various hepatic diseases.

To develop a tissue-engineered vascular graft, we used pericardial effusion-derived progenitor cells (PEPCs) collected from drained fluid after open-heart surgery in children with congenital heart diseases to repopulate a decellularized porcine pulmonary artery. The PEPCs were compared with human fibroblasts (HS68) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in cell growth and migration. They were cultured with the matrices via an inner approach (intima), lateral approach (media), and outer approach (adventitia). PEPCs grew and migrated better than the other two cells 14 days after seeding in the decellularized vessel. In immunofluorescence assays, PEPCs expressed CD90 and CD105 indicating a vascular differentiation. PEPCs grew in a decellularized porcine pulmonary artery matrix may have the potential for producing tissue-engineered vascular grafts.