Oral diseases最新文献

Objectives: To evaluate the presence, severity and progression of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in acquired brain injury (ABI) population and determine the diagnostic accuracy of 3Q/TMD and Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) against the gold standard, Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD).

Methods: ABI individuals were assessed using 3Q/TMD and FAI at admission (n = 73) and Week 4 (n = 52), while DC/TMD was conducted only at Week 4. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 3Q/TMD and FAI were calculated against DC/TMD.

Results: TMD was detected in 66.0% (3Q/TMD) and 27.8% (FAI) at admission, with mild (75%) to moderate (25%) severity which was mostly pain-related. TMD frequency decreased to 11.3% (3Q/TMD) and 17.3% (FAI) by Week 4. Accuracy rates were 0.82 for 3Q/TMD and 0.83 for FAI. Sensitivity was 0.33 (3Q/TMD) and 0.50 (FAI), while specificity was high at 0.93 (3Q/TMD) and 0.90 (FAI).

Conclusions: TMD presence was higher in an ABI population compared to the general population however the frequency decreased over time. The high specificity and accuracy of 3Q/TMD and FAI indicate their potentials as screening tools but their low sensitivity limits their effectiveness in identifying all TMD cases. Patients with ABI should be assessed for TMD as part of their comprehensive care.

Introduction: Multiple studies have been undertaken to assess level of knowledge on the topic of oral mucosal biopsies from a general dental practitioner perspective, but only limited data is available on undergraduate dental students' perspective. The aim of this study was to assess clinical experience and attitudes towards oral mucosal biopsies in final-year undergraduate dental students.

Material and methods: Online questionnaire was sent to dental students in six European countries (Croatia, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom). The questionnaire assessed clinical experience, attitudes to oral biopsy, self-perceived competence, and obstacles for performing a biopsy. Multiple choice questions and 5-point Likert scale were used.

Results: Two hundred and ninety-three students (response rate 24% to 88%) participated in the survey. A small proportion of students (54; 21.7%) performed a biopsy during their undergraduate education, mainly in an oral medicine setting. The majority of students did not consider themselves competent in performing a biopsy. The most common listed obstacle for performing a biopsy was lack of clinical experience with oral mucosal lesions.

Conclusion: The results suggest there is a need for more practical training in oral biopsy techniques, as well as a need for increased clinical exposure to different oral mucosal pathologies.

Objectives: Periodontal disease is a common chronic inflammatory condition affecting the tissues that support teeth, leading to their destruction. Mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy responsible for degrading damaged mitochondria, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, its role in periodontal disease progression remains poorly understood. This review aims to summarize recent research on mitophagy's role in periodontal disease pathogenesis.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review on mitophagy was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, employing keywords related to periodontal disease such as "periodontal," "periodontitis," "gingiva," and "gingivitis."

Results: A review of 18 original studies revealed that mitophagy plays a crucial role in periodontal disease by regulating key pathophysiological mechanisms. Specifically, mitophagy modulates periodontal inflammation by influencing pro-inflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Additionally, it is essential for alveolar bone remodeling, impacting both bone resorption and regeneration. Mitophagy also regulates cell apoptosis within periodontal tissues, helping to preserve cellular function and tissue integrity during periodontal disease progression.

Conclusions: Mitophagy regulates periodontal disease pathogenesis by modulating inflammation, bone remodeling, and cell death in periodontal tissues. Further research is needed to explore its therapeutic potential in periodontal disease treatment and improve targeted interventions.

Introduction: The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Despite progress, the mechanisms behind the TME-epithelial cell interaction remain unclear. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant cells in the TME, require further study.

Material and methods: We conducted a scoping review, searching for clinical and vivo studies that discuss the role of CAFs in OSCC and OPMDs progression.

Results: From 1152 PubMed results, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. CAFs, identified as αSMA+ cells, interact with the TME and epithelial cells by secreting various molecules. In OSCC, CAF signals contribute to a pro-tumorigenic environment, and CAF numbers positively correlate with tumor grade, size, stage, aggressiveness, and mortality. While limited data exist on CAFs in OPMDs, they seem linked to malignant transformation risk.

Discussion: CAFs are critical in OSCC pathophysiology, but the complex intercellular mechanisms are not fully understood. Currently, CAFs are not part of clinical decision-making, but emerging evidence suggests they could represent a promising new approach in managing OSCC and OPMDs.

Conclusion: Future research should aim to gain a deeper understanding of how CAFs contribute to OSCC progression and their role in OPMDs pathophysiology.

Objective: This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on smokeless tobacco and oral cancer, with a specific focus on South and Southeast Asia.

Method: The recent literature on the association of smokeless tobacco and oral cancer, its biological mechanisms, and policies for prevention and control, was reviewed. In addition, its role in the causation of oral cancer and allied diseases was assessed its biological mechanisms resulting in deleterious health outcomes and steps to control its use.

Results: Of the more than 360 million people who consume smokeless tobacco globally, nearly 80% reside in the region. The evidence of an association between the numerous SLT products consumed in the region and oral cancer is well established, with oral snuff and gutkha showing the strongest association. More than 4000 chemical ingredients are present in these products, many of which are involved in the intricate biological pathways leading to carcinogenesis.

Conclusion: Given the deep cultural integration of SLT products, effective control measures require multifaceted approaches that combine education, regulation, and community engagement. Collaborative efforts among governments, healthcare professionals, and communities are essential to address this urgent issue and mitigate the substantial human and economic costs.

Objectives: To explore neural similarities and differences between visceral and somatic pain by comparing spontaneous brain activity in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Methods: Twenty eight IBS patients, 21 TMD patients, and 28 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state fMRI and behavioral assessments. The correlations between fMRI metrics such as the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), functional connectivity (FC), and clinical manifestations were further analyzed.

Results: Compared with HC, both patient groups demonstrated increased ALFF in right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), insula, medial superior frontal gyrus (SFGmed), precentral gyrus (PreCG), and increased ReHo in right SFGmed and left supplementary motor area (SMA). Compared with IBS patients, TMD patients exhibited reduced ALFF in right SFGmed and insula, increased ALFF in right PHG and PreCG, decreased ReHo in right SFGmed and left lingual gyrus, and increased ReHo in left SMA. Both patient groups exhibited enhanced right PHG-related FC in left precuneus and right cingulate gyrus, and right insula-related FC in left superior temporal gyrus and right paracentral lobule. Specifically, IBS patients showed higher FC between right PHG and orbitofrontal cortex than TMD patients, which was negatively correlated with mood and gastrointestinal symptoms. Mediation analysis revealed that pain in TMD and gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS mediated these relationships.

Conclusion: Visceral and somatic pain share abnormal activity in multiple brain networks. Abnormalities in affective region present potential neuroimaging markers for pain disorders, with depression in somatic pain linked to pain intensity and in visceral pain to gastrointestinal symptoms.

Objective: This study aimed to determine if the oral potentially malignant disorder, oral leukoplakia (OLK), exhibited microbiome changes that predict the degree of dysplasia and the risk of malignant progression.

Results: We examined the microbiome in 216 swabs of OLK from 177 patients. Compared to healthy controls (n = 120 swabs from 61 patients), who were less likely to smoke and had better oral health, OLK patients exhibited an increased abundance of Rothia mucilaginosa, Streptococcus parasanguinis and S. salivarius, resembling acetaldehyde generating communities described previously. Compared to the patients' healthy contralateral normal (CLN) mucosa (n = 202), which acts as a matched control for oral health parameters, OLK exhibited increased S. infantis, Leptotrichia spp., Bergeyella spp., Porphyromonas spp. and F. nucleatum. Machine learning with clinical and microbiome data could discriminate high-risk dysplasia (moderate to severe) from low-risk dysplasia (none or mild) (sensitivity 87.4%; specificity 76.5%). Follow-up swabs were recovered from 58 patients, eight of whom progressed to a higher grade of dysplasia or OSCC and these eight patients exhibited a higher abundance of Fusobacterium species at their initial presentation.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that the OLK microbiome has potential to be an aid to the prediction of dysplasia grade and the risk of malignant transformation.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to get deeper into the complex interplay that might exist between awake bruxism (AB), tobacco smoking, and anxiety and/or depression symptoms in a group of healthy young adults.

Materials and methods: The study participants were recruited by advertising the investigation at the University of Siena, Siena, Italy. The inclusion criteria were being in good general health, without systemic diseases or oral diseases. People with ongoing medical or dental treatment and those with a history of systemic disease or temporomandibular disorders were excluded. The participants who were included in the study received a questionnaire containing three sections for the assessment of AB behaviors, anxiety and depression symptoms, and the number of cigarettes smoked.

Results: A total of 141 healthy young adults met the inclusion criteria. Different awake masticatory muscle activities showed different strengths of association with anxiety and depression symptoms. However, no relationship was found between the number of smoked cigarettes and the frequency of the various masticatory muscle activities considered.

Conclusions: The result of the present study shows no clear-cut association between the frequency of self-reported AB behaviors and smoking in healthy individuals.