Oral diseases最新文献

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of conservative treatment in children with juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP).

Methods: Clinical data from 55 children who were diagnosed with JRP from June 2019 to January 2022 were collected. On admission, patients underwent comprehensive examinations, and a questionnaire was completed by the patients and their parents. Patients received only conservative treatment, including sialagogues, warm compresses, massage and antibiotic treatment.

Results: Episodes after treatment (1.11 ± 1.42) were significantly lower in 55 patients than before treatment (3.35 ± 2.42) (p < 0.001). Clinical symptoms improved for 81.81% and recurred for 60%. Patients who did not respond to treatment were in 3- to 5-year-old group. The serum IgG (p = 0.018), IgA (p = 0.014) and IgM (p = 0.032) levels in the nonresponsive group were significantly higher than those in the improvement group and were either higher than the normal range or at the upper limit. The improvement rate was positively related to the CD8%, and the serum IgA concentration was negatively related to the number of previsit episodes.

Conclusion: Conservative treatment is effective for most children with JRP. Patient responses to treatment may be associated with the maturation of their immune systems. Underlying immune dysregulation should be evaluated, and further treatment is needed in severe cases.

Objective: To assess the sclerostin, β-catenin, and tryptase expression in fibro-osseous lesions (FOL) of the jaws.

Subjects and methods: Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for these proteins on FOL and non-lesional bone. The sclerostin-positive cells were scored from 0 (no expression) to 3 (high expression).

Results: We analyzed 46 FOL biopsies and selected 38 patients. Categorization showed 15 fibrous dysplasia (FD), eight juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma (JTOF), two psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (PsOF), and 13 FOL. We found more sclerostin-positive cells in fibrous tissue than in bone, showing a phenotype like mast cells with strong dot-cytoplasmic positivity. The analysis of sclerostin-positive cell lesions (scored as 2 and 3) showed also tryptase positivity in 80.9% of 21 biopsies. β-catenin was diffusely expressed on the fibrous component, mostly with cytosol staining. Non-lesional bone showed sclerostin expression in medullary spaces and a few osteocytes.

Conclusions: Sclerostin-positive cells are mostly found in the fibrous tissue of FOL, and the tryptase mast cell marker was present in most of the lesions that were positive for sclerostin.

Objective: Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive life-threatening disease, the prognosis of which is affected by tumor stage and size. We retrospectively studied whether oral inflammatory burden and established tongue carcinoma etiological factors exert an impact on tumor size and stage.

Materials and methods: Medical records of 183 subjects diagnosed with tongue carcinoma at Helsinki University Hospital were investigated. Data on sex, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and oral inflammatory burden were assessed by the Periodontal Burden Index, Total Dental Index, and Panorama Tomography Index. In addition, Candida hyphae in histological samples, and tumor size and stage were recorded and analyzed. History of oral potentially malignant disorders was also investigated.

Results: Increased oral inflammatory burden, male sex, and smoking were associated significantly with larger size and advanced stage of cancer, whereas oral Candida hyphae were not associated with size of tongue carcinoma but were associated with female sex.

Conclusion: Male sex, oral inflammatory burden, and smoking were more common in patients with a large and advanced stage of tongue carcinoma. Thus, oral and periodontal infections and their pro-inflammatory effects may eventually promote carcinoma growth and advance the stage, especially in males.

Objective: To examine the anatomical and morphological structure and potential pathological conditions of the submandibular gland by performing Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) sialography in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Study design: The submandibular salivary glands of 25 diabetic and 25 healthy volunteers were examined by CBCT sialography. The images were evaluated to determine the main and lateral canals, the diameter of the main canal, the presence of ductal stenosis, central ductal dilatation, acinar pooling, the presence of sialoliths, and the visualization of the main and lateral canals and parenchyma.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the patients and controls in the diameters of the primary ducts of submandibular glands and the visibility of secondary and tertiary ducts, sialoliths, ductal stenosis, and acinar pooling (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, ductal dilatation and the location of ductal dilatation were statistically more prevalent in diabetic patients (p = 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion: The prevalence of sialolith, ductal stenosis, and peripheral ductal dilatation was higher among diabetic patients than in the control group, although this difference was not statistically significant. However, ductal dilatation was observed to be statistically significantly more prevalent in diabetics. CBCT sialography proved to be a valuable tool for demonstrating parenchymal changes.

Objectives: Periodontitis, the main cause of tooth loss in adults, is a widespread oral disease characterized by chronic inflammation primarily triggered by periodontopathic bacterial infection. Polyphenols are a class of compounds extracted from herbs and diets, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol unit per molecule. Emerging evidence has revealed that polyphenols show significant effectiveness in ameliorating tissue destruction in periodontitis. Herein, we comprehensively review current literature studying the critical role of polyphenols in periodontitis and summarize the predominant molecular mechanisms in immunomodulation and periodontal regeneration, aiming to provide a better understanding of their therapeutic potential in periodontitis.

Methods: PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for articles, reviews, and clinical studies published until August 2024.

Results: We summarized the immunomodulatory effects of polyphenols in vivo and in vitro, described the research advance regulating the functions of periodontal ligament stem cells and their regeneration potential, and discussed the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we propose future directions for periodontitis therapies with polyphenols.

Conclusions: Polyphenols exert a significant anti-inflammatory effect and promising potential to promote periodontal regeneration. Further study of the molecular mechanisms and techniques to increase the bioavailability and effect of polyphenols is warranted.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore differences in demographics, tumour characteristics and outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with a history of non-smoking, non-drinking (NSND) versus smoking and/or drinking (SD).

Materials and methods: Newly diagnosed OSCC patients undergoing curative surgical treatment were prospectively included in OncoLifeS, a data biobank. Cox regression analysis was performed yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).

Results: 185 patients were included, and 32.4% of patients were NSND; this group represented an older (69 vs. 64.4 years, p < 0.01) and more female-dominated (66.7% vs. 44.5%, p = 0.02) population. NSND patients had more tongue tumours (68.3% vs. 46.4%, p < 0.01) and few floor-of-mouth tumours (1.7% vs. 20.0%, p < 0.01). Locoregional recurrence, overall survival and disease-specific survival risk were similar between the NSND and SD patients. NSND patients had a higher second primary tumour risk compared to SD patients in the multivariable analysis (adjusted HR 3.92, 1.23-12.48, p = 0.02).

Conclusion: NSND patients with OSCC have a distinct clinicopathological profile compared to SD patients, with a higher risk of second primary tumours after treatment. These differences in risk profiles should be considered in future OSCC management strategies.

Objectives: The effects of systemic inflammation on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are poorly understood. This study aimed to establish a mouse model to study the effects of systemic inflammation on the TMJ.

Materials and methods: SKG mice, a BALB/c strain with spontaneous onset of rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms due to a spontaneous point mutation (W163C) in the gene encoding the SH2 domain of ZAP-70, were treated with zymosan (β-1,3-glucan). Synovitis, bone erosion, and cartilage damage in the TMJ were evaluated using established scores for animal models of inflammatory arthritis. Myeloperoxidase-positive areas and numbers of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells were compared between naive and zymosan-treated SKG mice. Correlations between TMJ inflammation scores and clinical scores for extremities were also assessed.

Results: There were significant differences in TMJ inflammation scores, including synovitis, bone erosion, and cartilage damage, between naive and high-dose zymosan-treated mice. There were significant differences in myeloperoxidase-positive areas and numbers of TRAP-positive cells between naive and zymosan-treated mice. There were significant correlations between TMJ inflammation scores and clinical scores for extremities.

Conclusions: Systemic administration of zymosan efficiently induces TMJ inflammation in SKG mice. Zymosan-treated SKG mice offer a useful tool to investigate the effects of systemic inflammation on the TMJ.