Oral diseases最新文献

Background: Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) are common endocrine malignancies. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is used for the ablation of residual tissue following thyroidectomy. Side effects such as dysphagia, xerostomia, and sialadenitis may occur. In this study, we aimed to identify differences in the parotid and submandibular glands between healthy individuals and patients with DTC who underwent RAI therapy, using both shear wave elastography and ultra-micro angiography.

Methods: A total of 52 DTC patients who had undergone RAI therapy and 60 healthy controls were included in the study. The submandibular and parotid glands were evaluated using ultra-microangiography (UMA) and shear wave elastography (SWE). Mean SWE and UMA values were obtained and compared between the groups.

Results: In the DTC group, the UMA and SWE values of the submandibular and parotid glands showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Additionally, the SWE and UMA values of the salivary glands in the DTC group varied significantly depending on the time elapsed after RAI therapy.

Conclusion: The combined use of UMA and SWE may be a valuable method for evaluating and monitoring salivary gland involvement after RAI therapy.

Aim: To assess the relationship between common mental disorder and oral health in a representative sample of older adults in England.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 8620 individuals aged 50 years and over who participated in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, wave 3 (2006-2007). Common mental disorder (no/yes) was assessed using the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Oral health outcomes were oral impact on daily performance (no impacts/at least one impact), self-rated oral health (excellent; very good; good/fair; poor), and edentulousness (dentate/edentate). Associations were assessed using Poisson regression with robust variance, controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors.

Results: Reporting at least one oral impact on daily performance was more prevalent among those with a common mental disorder than those without (PR = 1.60; 95% CI 1.32-1.96), as was reporting fair/poor self-rated oral health (PR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.09-1.40) in fully adjusted analyses. We found no association between common mental disorder and edentulousness.

Conclusion: In this sample of UK older adults, common mental disorder was associated with poorer oral health. To promote healthy ageing, older adults with a common mental disorder should be supported to maintain good oral health.

Objective: This systematic review examines schwannomas of the mandibular nerve and its branches, focusing on clinical presentation, surgical management, and nerve preservation outcomes.

Methods: A PRISMA-guided literature search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science, including case reports and case series. Data extraction covered demographics, tumor location, symptoms, treatment, and nerve preservation for studies published between 2000 and 2024.

Results: Forty-six English-published cases from 20 countries were analyzed, with China reporting the highest number (14). The female-to-male ratio was 1.36, with one unspecified gender. Age distribution showed a marked predilection for the fourth and fifth decades. The inferior alveolar nerve was the most affected (23 cases), followed by the lingual nerve (10 cases). Tumor sizes ranged from 0.5 to 12 cm. Swelling without pain (26 cases) was the most common symptom. Surgical approaches included enucleation, segmental resection, and en bloc resection. Nerve preservation was achieved in 34 cases, while 12 had nerve damage. Tumor location significantly affected nerve preservation (p = 0.000). Gender (p = 0.402) and clinical presentations (p = 0.291) were not significant factors.

Conclusion: Mandibular schwannomas present diagnostic and surgical challenges. The inferior alveolar nerve shows the highest preservation rate. Early diagnosis and meticulous surgical planning are essential for optimal functional outcomes.

Objectives: This multicentre case-control study aimed to investigate the potential association between oral lichen planus (OLP) and extraoral cancers. The secondary objective included the identification of risk factors for this association.

Methods: The study was conducted between January 2023 and June 2024 and included 21 Italian Oral Medicine centres affiliated with the Italian Society of Oral Medicine (SIPMO). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Prot. ID 4073) and registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID NCT06449248).

Results: In total, 1650 participants were enrolled (550 OLP and 1100 non-OLP patients) matched for age and sex. OLP patients showed a significantly higher prevalence of extra-oral cancers (19.8%) compared to controls (12.4%) with a 1.79 OR (1.34-2.39, p < 0.05). Moreover, erosive OLP (n = 32/120, 26.7%, p < 0.01) and plaque-like variants (n = 27/114, 23.7%, p < 0.04) seem to have a slightly increased risk of extra-oral cancer.

Conclusions: Patients with OLP had a higher risk of developing extraoral cancer; moreover, erosive and plaque-like forms could be considered at higher risk. Potential pathogenic mechanisms involve an interplay between chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation and carcinogenesis. Therefore, the directionality of such association remains unclear, underscoring the need for prospective studies to clarify causality and temporal dynamics.

Objective: To describe the occurrence and clinicopathological features of odontogenic tumors (OTs) in a multicenter South American study.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 207,434 biopsies across 20 oral pathology centers in 10 South American countries. All cases were included according to the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Data were analyzed descriptively.

Results: A total of 4399 OTs were identified, representing 2.1% of all biopsies assessed in these centers. Most were benign (99.1%), mainly odontoma (38.5%) and ameloblastoma (34%). Malignant tumors were rare (0.9%). Patients had a mean age of 27.8 years, with peak incidence in the second decade, and a slight female predominance (male-to-female ratio 1:1.1). Most lesions were asymptomatic (87.8%), intraosseous (97.3%), and located in the mandible (62.5%), especially the posterior region. Radiographically, radiolucent lesions (49.9%) predominated. Tooth displacement (83.3%) and root resorption (82.8%) were frequently reported. Among cases with available data, surgical excision (41.2%) and enucleation (37.3%) were the most common treatments, and recurrence was observed in 20.1%.

Conclusions: This multicenter study provides the largest dataset on OTs in South America. The results confirm the predominance of benign lesions and highlight the importance of collaborative studies, offering a basis for future clinical and research initiatives.

Objective: To analyze the "technology-disease burden paradox" of early childhood caries (ECC)-its rising global prevalence despite preventive advances-by examining multidimensional factors from biological mechanisms to socioecological interventions.

Methods: This narrative review synthesized evidence from epidemiological, biological, behavioral, and policy studies (2010-2024) identified through systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria focused on children under 6 years of age and English-language studies reporting etiology, risk factors, or interventions.

Results: ECC prevalence exceeds 60% in many low- and middle-income countries, versus < 40% in high-income settings. Key findings include: synergistic enamel demineralization by S. mutans and Candida (OR = 1.67); behavioral risks such as nocturnal feeding (OR = 3.54) and screen time > 2 h/day (↑60% caries); and effective policy interventions like fluoride varnish (42% reduction in caries) and sugar taxes.

Conclusions: Controlling ECC requires integrating the Socioecological Model with Sustainable Development Goals, prioritizing equity-focused upstream policies and interdisciplinary collaboration (e.g., dentistry and data science). The "Zero-Caries Childhood" vision must shift from disease management to health promotion, incorporating emerging environmental considerations.

Introduction: Although mandibular odontogenic deep neck infections are occasionally fatal, the transmission pathway has not been elucidated.

Materials and methods: This multicenter retrospective study was comprised of the patients of both sexes who were over 18 years of age and who had mandibular odontogenic deep neck abscesses. The patients' characteristics, laboratory tests, and radiographic findings were analyzed.

Results: One hundred eighteen patients with mandibular odontogenic deep neck abscesses were included. Bone resorption superior to the mylohyoid line and the related abscess formation in submandibular space or submental space were both significantly associated with the presence of sublingual space abscess. In addition, the type of causative tooth was not a risk factor for abscess formation in both the sublingual space and "submandibular or submental" space.

Conclusions: When an odontogenic lesion is located superior to the mylohyoid line, the abscess tends to initially form in the sublingual space and subsequently spread to the submandibular or submental space. Since any mandibular tooth can lead to abscess formation in these regions, oral and maxillofacial surgeons should carefully assess the anatomical position of the lesion and accurately identify the causative tooth.

Objective: To investigate the potential of machine learning systems for the clinical classification of palatal salivary gland tumors into five diagnostic categories using only demographic and clinical data.

Methods: Four machine learning models-Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost-were implemented based on demographic and clinical attributes from 100 patients. The methodology involved a four-step process: Hyperparameter optimization using systematic search for combinations (Grid Search), fivefold cross-validation comprising training and testing, classifier training, and tests, followed by the acquisition of standardized performance metrics. The input attributes included age, sex, location, and symptoms. Performance was evaluated using accuracy, macro-average sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score.

Results: According to the mean accuracy values, XGBoost and MLP achieved the highest performance (81%), followed by SVM (80%) and RF (79%). Nevertheless, for all models, both macro-averaged sensitivity and F1-score were relatively low, remaining below 75%. Specificity emerged as the most consistent metric, ranging from 85% to 90% across all classifiers. All models reached a perfect score (1.0) in the classification of PA, whereas performance declined for malignant tumors, particularly for the rarer subtypes.

Conclusions: Machine learning is a feasible approach for classifying palatal salivary gland tumors, demonstrating high specificity but limited sensitivity, primarily due to the uneven distribution of tumor subclasses, particularly the malignant ones, which are underrepresented owing to their rarity. XGBoost proved to be the most robust model with a low computational cost.

Introduction: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained recognition as pivotal regulators in cancer biology. Among them, FOXD2-AS1 has been implicated in multiple cancer types; however, its functional significance and regulatory mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. This study explores the mechanism of FOXD2-AS1 in OSCC progression, focusing on its interaction with the EZH2/CDKN1A axis.

Materials and methods: FOXD2-AS1 expression was analyzed in TCGA datasets and clinical OSCC samples, validated by qRT-PCR/FISH. Functional impacts on proliferation, cell cycle (flow cytometry) and apoptosis were assessed. Mechanistic studies employed ChIP/RIP/dual-luciferase assays for FOXD2-AS1/YY1/EZH2 interactions, with xenograft models evaluating tumorigenicity.

Results: FOXD2-AS1 was markedly upregulated in OSCC tissues and linked to poor prognosis. Its knockdown suppressed proliferation, induced G1 arrest, and promoted apoptosis, while overexpression reversed these effects. Mechanistically, YY1 transcriptionally activated FOXD2-AS1, which bound EZH2 to enhance H3K27me3 deposition, repressing CDKN1A expression.

Discussion: Our findings revealed that the YY1/FOXD2-AS1/EZH2 axis drives OSCC progression by epigenetically silencing CDKN1A. FOXD2-AS1 demonstrates potential as both a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, highlighting the need for further exploration of lncRNA-based therapeutic approaches in OSCC.