Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520320
A. Sharaf, Y. Biletskiy, H. Mahasneh
The paper presents a low cost FACTS-based self adjusting power filter and capacitor compensation scheme (PF- CC). The topology and switching strategy of this scheme (developed by the first author) is controlled by self adjusting dynamic tri-loop error driver regulator. The FACTS-based compensation device is necessary in low voltage (below 1 KV) residential, commercial and small industrial loads with a substantial mixture of nonlinear arc, converter, and temporal inrush motorized loads. The proposed low cost scheme can ensure voltage stabilization, power quality enhancement, efficient utilization, and self switching and voltage flicker control. Nonlinear and temporal inrush motorized loads are mushrooming in use especially in consumer electronics, commercial and small industrial applications.
{"title":"A Low-Cost Modulated Filter Compensator for Energy-Efficient Enhancement in AC Utilization Systems","authors":"A. Sharaf, Y. Biletskiy, H. Mahasneh","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520320","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a low cost FACTS-based self adjusting power filter and capacitor compensation scheme (PF- CC). The topology and switching strategy of this scheme (developed by the first author) is controlled by self adjusting dynamic tri-loop error driver regulator. The FACTS-based compensation device is necessary in low voltage (below 1 KV) residential, commercial and small industrial loads with a substantial mixture of nonlinear arc, converter, and temporal inrush motorized loads. The proposed low cost scheme can ensure voltage stabilization, power quality enhancement, efficient utilization, and self switching and voltage flicker control. Nonlinear and temporal inrush motorized loads are mushrooming in use especially in consumer electronics, commercial and small industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115287272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520309
R. Fadaeinedjad, M. Moallem, G. Moschopoulos, S. Bassan
In order to study the impact of a wind power plant on network power quality all electrical, mechanical and aerodynamic aspects of wind turbines must be studied. Moreover, the contribution of every wind turbine on the wind power plant should be considered. Representing a large wind power plant by a single wind turbine (WT) or a few wind turbines results in a severer situation with regards to power quality. In the paper, however, a previously introduced wind power plant representation method, so called "quasi-multiple turbine representation (QMTR) method", is used to consider the effect of all WTs of the wind farm. It is shown that Simulink, FAST, AeroDyn, and TurbSim can be used to model the electrical, mechanical, and aerodynamic aspects of a wind power plant with 96 fixed-speed WTs. The model is used to calculate the voltage, active, and reactive powers at point of common coupling (PCC). Flicker is one of the most important power quality measures. It is induced by voltage fluctuations, which are caused by load flow changes in the grid. Modelling of an IEEE standard flickermeter in Simulink environment, instantaneous flicker sensations for two different wind power plant representations are compared. It will be shown that the QMTR method, which considers all WTs of the wind farm shows less flicker at PCC.
{"title":"Flicker Contribution of a Wind Power Plant with Single and Multiple Turbine Representations","authors":"R. Fadaeinedjad, M. Moallem, G. Moschopoulos, S. Bassan","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520309","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the impact of a wind power plant on network power quality all electrical, mechanical and aerodynamic aspects of wind turbines must be studied. Moreover, the contribution of every wind turbine on the wind power plant should be considered. Representing a large wind power plant by a single wind turbine (WT) or a few wind turbines results in a severer situation with regards to power quality. In the paper, however, a previously introduced wind power plant representation method, so called \"quasi-multiple turbine representation (QMTR) method\", is used to consider the effect of all WTs of the wind farm. It is shown that Simulink, FAST, AeroDyn, and TurbSim can be used to model the electrical, mechanical, and aerodynamic aspects of a wind power plant with 96 fixed-speed WTs. The model is used to calculate the voltage, active, and reactive powers at point of common coupling (PCC). Flicker is one of the most important power quality measures. It is induced by voltage fluctuations, which are caused by load flow changes in the grid. Modelling of an IEEE standard flickermeter in Simulink environment, instantaneous flicker sensations for two different wind power plant representations are compared. It will be shown that the QMTR method, which considers all WTs of the wind farm shows less flicker at PCC.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131205414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520312
S. Pejovic, B. Karney, Q. Zhang, G. Kumar
Small or large hydropower plant design, construction and operation are complex tasks. Thousands of details must be well conceived and executed, and carefully coordinated for a project to achieve safe and economical operation that can be judged a social, technical and environmental success. Any hydroelectric installation, as a rule, should be designed using several stages. At each stage, all project documentation should be reviewed by independent reviewers selected and nominated by official authorities. Reducing the amount of analyses, without justification, or worse yet, neglecting the design procedures puts the project at risk. A collaborative effort at reducing this risk is thus advocated.
{"title":"Smaller Hydro, Higher Risk","authors":"S. Pejovic, B. Karney, Q. Zhang, G. Kumar","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520312","url":null,"abstract":"Small or large hydropower plant design, construction and operation are complex tasks. Thousands of details must be well conceived and executed, and carefully coordinated for a project to achieve safe and economical operation that can be judged a social, technical and environmental success. Any hydroelectric installation, as a rule, should be designed using several stages. At each stage, all project documentation should be reviewed by independent reviewers selected and nominated by official authorities. Reducing the amount of analyses, without justification, or worse yet, neglecting the design procedures puts the project at risk. A collaborative effort at reducing this risk is thus advocated.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131232868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520378
M. Rosen
We conventionally use energy-based efficiency measures to assess energy systems. Energy-based measures of merit, however, do not really indicate how nearly performance efficiency approaches the ideal. In fact, energy measures can confuse and sometimes lead to wrong decisions and wasteful resource allocations. Exergy analysis, which is based on the second law of thermodynamics, avoids the difficulties associated with energy methods, and allows efficiencies to be clearly understood and measures to improve efficiency to be properly assessed. In this article, exergy and its application as an analysis tool are described, and an example illustrates the benefits of using exergy. In addition, the environmental implications of exergy and the ties between exergy and economics are described. The results indicate that exergy methods should prove useful to engineers and scientists, as well as decision and policy makers.
{"title":"Exergy Concept and its Application","authors":"M. Rosen","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520378","url":null,"abstract":"We conventionally use energy-based efficiency measures to assess energy systems. Energy-based measures of merit, however, do not really indicate how nearly performance efficiency approaches the ideal. In fact, energy measures can confuse and sometimes lead to wrong decisions and wasteful resource allocations. Exergy analysis, which is based on the second law of thermodynamics, avoids the difficulties associated with energy methods, and allows efficiencies to be clearly understood and measures to improve efficiency to be properly assessed. In this article, exergy and its application as an analysis tool are described, and an example illustrates the benefits of using exergy. In addition, the environmental implications of exergy and the ties between exergy and economics are described. The results indicate that exergy methods should prove useful to engineers and scientists, as well as decision and policy makers.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114031316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520314
T. Maricic, D. Haber, S. Pejovic
Design, construction and operation of Hydropower plants are complex tasks. A large number of details must be carefully considered, coordinated and executed in order that the projects achieve safe and economical operation. Corrosion fatigue cracking of horizontal turbine-generator shafts has been thoroughly examined and discussed in the last twenty years. As a result of corrosion fatigue cracking, in most cases, catastrophic failures occurred. Excessive damages of vertical shaft couplings, discovered during turbine rehabilitation , have raised concerns regarding the value of nut guard application, as well those of corrosion damage rectification and repair techniques . Because of the consequences of shaft failure the following paper will provide the rationale for contribution to the respective standard.
{"title":"Standardization as Prevention of Fatigue Cracking of Hydraulic Turbine-Generator Shaft","authors":"T. Maricic, D. Haber, S. Pejovic","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520314","url":null,"abstract":"Design, construction and operation of Hydropower plants are complex tasks. A large number of details must be carefully considered, coordinated and executed in order that the projects achieve safe and economical operation. Corrosion fatigue cracking of horizontal turbine-generator shafts has been thoroughly examined and discussed in the last twenty years. As a result of corrosion fatigue cracking, in most cases, catastrophic failures occurred. Excessive damages of vertical shaft couplings, discovered during turbine rehabilitation , have raised concerns regarding the value of nut guard application, as well those of corrosion damage rectification and repair techniques . Because of the consequences of shaft failure the following paper will provide the rationale for contribution to the respective standard.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131905591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520329
H. Bakhshi, I. Kamwa
In this paper, some topics related to the dynamic simulation and operations of Non-Utility Induction Generation (NUIG) are investigated. Various technical aspects related to the network conditions were analyzed mainly by computer simulation of a distribution network and NUIG units connected to it. The applied simulation tool was EMTP-RV, which is a commercial electromagnetic transient simulation program. This paper presents the guidelines to limit the self-excitation phenomenon of NUIGs in islanding conditions and proposes proper protection schemes for interconnection of NUIGs to the distribution networks.
{"title":"Control and Protection of Distribution Network with Non-Utility Induction Generators","authors":"H. Bakhshi, I. Kamwa","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520329","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, some topics related to the dynamic simulation and operations of Non-Utility Induction Generation (NUIG) are investigated. Various technical aspects related to the network conditions were analyzed mainly by computer simulation of a distribution network and NUIG units connected to it. The applied simulation tool was EMTP-RV, which is a commercial electromagnetic transient simulation program. This paper presents the guidelines to limit the self-excitation phenomenon of NUIGs in islanding conditions and proposes proper protection schemes for interconnection of NUIGs to the distribution networks.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130994223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520392
D. Dike, S. Mahajan, G. Radman
Power system experts have shown interest in the development of methods for predicting system status in the form of voltage stability indices. These indices performed well because they were primarily used for system planning as utilities then were either highly localized and regulated by the state or owned and operated by big electricity consumers. However, the situation changed drastically with the advent of unbundling, privatization/competition and power pooling in the last two decades. Consequently, incidents of power outages have become a common occurrence worldwide because of increasing load demand without proportionate increase in electrical power supply due to difficulties posed to the building of new generation centers and transmission lines by residents and environment. This paper, therefore, develops a versatile index algorithm that incorporates robust features so as to guarantee the optimal utilization of the various voltage collapse indices to adequately predict, monitor and detect the status of power system both online and off-line. It reviews existing voltage stability indices, and for the first time outlines index selection criteria to guide system operators and planners in their optimal usage to reduce outages and operational cost. The work, also, presents a new index computation scheme utilizing the complex pi-model of the medium and long transmission line. This new index will be used to effectively determine the status of power systems to prevent system overloading during power pooling and long distance wheeling of power, which has become a common phenomena among independent system operators (ISOs) and regional transmission organizations (RTOs) during peak and emergency periods. The simulation results show a favorable performance of this new index on both IEEE 14 and 30 bus systems with respect to existing indices.
{"title":"Development of a Versatile Voltage Stability Index Algorithm","authors":"D. Dike, S. Mahajan, G. Radman","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520392","url":null,"abstract":"Power system experts have shown interest in the development of methods for predicting system status in the form of voltage stability indices. These indices performed well because they were primarily used for system planning as utilities then were either highly localized and regulated by the state or owned and operated by big electricity consumers. However, the situation changed drastically with the advent of unbundling, privatization/competition and power pooling in the last two decades. Consequently, incidents of power outages have become a common occurrence worldwide because of increasing load demand without proportionate increase in electrical power supply due to difficulties posed to the building of new generation centers and transmission lines by residents and environment. This paper, therefore, develops a versatile index algorithm that incorporates robust features so as to guarantee the optimal utilization of the various voltage collapse indices to adequately predict, monitor and detect the status of power system both online and off-line. It reviews existing voltage stability indices, and for the first time outlines index selection criteria to guide system operators and planners in their optimal usage to reduce outages and operational cost. The work, also, presents a new index computation scheme utilizing the complex pi-model of the medium and long transmission line. This new index will be used to effectively determine the status of power systems to prevent system overloading during power pooling and long distance wheeling of power, which has become a common phenomena among independent system operators (ISOs) and regional transmission organizations (RTOs) during peak and emergency periods. The simulation results show a favorable performance of this new index on both IEEE 14 and 30 bus systems with respect to existing indices.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133747021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520365
B. Chetate, M. Belassel
Autonomous converters of the PWM type are widely used in electric drive systems, which currently constitute the main source of mechanical energy in industry. The study of oscillatory processes in motor-converter systems recently became a concern because of the problems arising from the switching of modern semiconductor devices, and their influence on the insulation of electric machines. As overvoltages in electric machines fed by a PWM converter are dangerous for their insulation, appropriate protections should be implemented. The goals of this work are the calculation of the oscillatory parameters of an AC induction motor, the development of the mathematical models for the calculation of overvoltages in any point of the winding, and the design of validation tests. We hint to solutions to minimize overvoltages and compensate for their effects, including advanced digital control strategies on FPGA chips.
{"title":"Influence of overvoltages in induction motors fed by PWM voltage inverters on power efficiency","authors":"B. Chetate, M. Belassel","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520365","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous converters of the PWM type are widely used in electric drive systems, which currently constitute the main source of mechanical energy in industry. The study of oscillatory processes in motor-converter systems recently became a concern because of the problems arising from the switching of modern semiconductor devices, and their influence on the insulation of electric machines. As overvoltages in electric machines fed by a PWM converter are dangerous for their insulation, appropriate protections should be implemented. The goals of this work are the calculation of the oscillatory parameters of an AC induction motor, the development of the mathematical models for the calculation of overvoltages in any point of the winding, and the design of validation tests. We hint to solutions to minimize overvoltages and compensate for their effects, including advanced digital control strategies on FPGA chips.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124899899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520371
P. Campbell
This paper presents a comparative study of soft computing models namely; multilayer perceptron networks, partial recurrent neural networks, radial basis function network, fuzzy inference system and hybrid fuzzy neural network for the hourly electricity demand forecast in Northern Ireland. The soft computing models were trained and tested using the actual hourly load data. A comparison of the proposed techniques is presented for predicting a 48 hour horizon demand for electricity. Simulation results indicate that hybrid fuzzy neural network and radial basis function networks are the best candidates for the analysis and forecasting of electricity demand.
{"title":"A Hybrid Modelling Technique for Load Forecasting","authors":"P. Campbell","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520371","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative study of soft computing models namely; multilayer perceptron networks, partial recurrent neural networks, radial basis function network, fuzzy inference system and hybrid fuzzy neural network for the hourly electricity demand forecast in Northern Ireland. The soft computing models were trained and tested using the actual hourly load data. A comparison of the proposed techniques is presented for predicting a 48 hour horizon demand for electricity. Simulation results indicate that hybrid fuzzy neural network and radial basis function networks are the best candidates for the analysis and forecasting of electricity demand.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121992574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520322
A. Yazdani
This paper proposes a multi-mode control strategy for a DFIG-based wind-power/storage system that enables the system to operate in (i) the grid-connected mode of operation, and (ii) the islanded mode of operation. In the grid-connected mode of operation, the wind-power/storage system can perform as an either dispatchable DG unit or a conventional (nondispatchable) wind-power unit. In the islanded mode of operation, stable islanded operation of the wind-power unit is fulfilled due to rapid response of the power-electronic converter and associated control. The advantage of the proposed control strategy is that a unified controller is employed for all modes of operation. Thus, seamless switching from one mode of operation to another is fulfilled with no need to switch between different controllers. Moreover, the proposed control scheme does not require detection signals such as islanding detection signal, battery failure detection signal, etc. The effectiveness of the wind-power/storage system and its control schemes is demonstrated through simulation studies.
{"title":"Islanded Operation of A Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) Wind-Power System with Integrated Energy Storage","authors":"A. Yazdani","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520322","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a multi-mode control strategy for a DFIG-based wind-power/storage system that enables the system to operate in (i) the grid-connected mode of operation, and (ii) the islanded mode of operation. In the grid-connected mode of operation, the wind-power/storage system can perform as an either dispatchable DG unit or a conventional (nondispatchable) wind-power unit. In the islanded mode of operation, stable islanded operation of the wind-power unit is fulfilled due to rapid response of the power-electronic converter and associated control. The advantage of the proposed control strategy is that a unified controller is employed for all modes of operation. Thus, seamless switching from one mode of operation to another is fulfilled with no need to switch between different controllers. Moreover, the proposed control scheme does not require detection signals such as islanding detection signal, battery failure detection signal, etc. The effectiveness of the wind-power/storage system and its control schemes is demonstrated through simulation studies.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123297704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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