Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520385
H. Cheung, A. Hamlyn, Cungang Yang, R. Cheung
Various kinds of distributed generations (DGs) are being increasingly connected on the distribution systems and computer network-based controls are introduced to assist the system operations. This paper proposes a new network-based adaptive strategy for protection of distribution-system feeders connected with DGs. The proposed strategy provides an intelligent network-enabled protection for feeders and overcomes the DGs-imposed technical challenges such as increase of fault current, change of prescribed fault flow paths, sympathetic tripping, unintentional islanding operation, continuous non- interruptible fault current, etc., as well as non-DG-caused problems such as undetected high-impedance ground faults. This paper illustrates effective real-time determination of correct protection operations for feeders with dispersed DG-connections against faults and surges resulting from lightning, switching, equipment short-circuit, etc. Four typical case studies of the proposed network-enabled adaptive protection strategy for feeders in the distribution system connected with DGs are provided in the paper.
{"title":"Network-based Adaptive Protection Strategy for Feeders with Distributed Generations","authors":"H. Cheung, A. Hamlyn, Cungang Yang, R. Cheung","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520385","url":null,"abstract":"Various kinds of distributed generations (DGs) are being increasingly connected on the distribution systems and computer network-based controls are introduced to assist the system operations. This paper proposes a new network-based adaptive strategy for protection of distribution-system feeders connected with DGs. The proposed strategy provides an intelligent network-enabled protection for feeders and overcomes the DGs-imposed technical challenges such as increase of fault current, change of prescribed fault flow paths, sympathetic tripping, unintentional islanding operation, continuous non- interruptible fault current, etc., as well as non-DG-caused problems such as undetected high-impedance ground faults. This paper illustrates effective real-time determination of correct protection operations for feeders with dispersed DG-connections against faults and surges resulting from lightning, switching, equipment short-circuit, etc. Four typical case studies of the proposed network-enabled adaptive protection strategy for feeders in the distribution system connected with DGs are provided in the paper.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130743098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520379
Y. Lang, Bin Wu, N. Zargari
In this paper, a PWM current source converter is proposed for high-power wind energy system using a Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The current source converter normally requires filter capacitors on its ac side, which may affect power factor of the system. A decoupled active/reactive power control algorithm is proposed for the grid-side power factor adjustment. The dc current reference is generated in a way to meet the requirements from both sides. In addition, Field Oriented Control theory is used for the wind generator control. Experiments on a small-scale laboratory have been carried out to verify the analysis and experimental results are presented.
{"title":"Reactive Power Control of Current Source Converter based Wind Energy System","authors":"Y. Lang, Bin Wu, N. Zargari","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520379","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a PWM current source converter is proposed for high-power wind energy system using a Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The current source converter normally requires filter capacitors on its ac side, which may affect power factor of the system. A decoupled active/reactive power control algorithm is proposed for the grid-side power factor adjustment. The dc current reference is generated in a way to meet the requirements from both sides. In addition, Field Oriented Control theory is used for the wind generator control. Experiments on a small-scale laboratory have been carried out to verify the analysis and experimental results are presented.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132200669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520386
Y. Biletskiy, Ning Chang, A. Sharaf, H. Mahasneh
The paper presents an identification scheme for on-line monitoring and identification of power quality and system disturbances caused by nonlinear loads. The wide proliferation of distributed renewable energy and green power sources, and rapid changes in utility load types with drive towards deregulation of the power market require affordable and robust on-line data acquisition and expert identification systems, especially for the utilization grid power systems. The proposed technique allows creating such expert systems with the extensible knowledge base, which can be used for identification of power distortion events created by consumer nonlinear loads.
{"title":"A Monitoring and Identification Scheme for Power Quality Assessment","authors":"Y. Biletskiy, Ning Chang, A. Sharaf, H. Mahasneh","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520386","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an identification scheme for on-line monitoring and identification of power quality and system disturbances caused by nonlinear loads. The wide proliferation of distributed renewable energy and green power sources, and rapid changes in utility load types with drive towards deregulation of the power market require affordable and robust on-line data acquisition and expert identification systems, especially for the utilization grid power systems. The proposed technique allows creating such expert systems with the extensible knowledge base, which can be used for identification of power distortion events created by consumer nonlinear loads.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134153790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520372
A. Algarni, Kankar Bhattacharya
A comprehensive operational planning model for a disco operating in a competitive environment is presented in this paper. The operational planning function is a two-level model in which the first level deals with the disco's activities in the day- ahead stage. In the second level, the model deals with the disco's activities in the real-time stage. The first level model determines the disco's operational decisions with regard to its grid purchase, scheduling of any distributed generation (DG) sources owned by it, or purchase scheduling of investor-owned DG, contracting for interruptible loads. These decisions are imposed as binding constraints in the real-time model and the disco seeks to minimize its short-term costs keeping in mind its day-ahead decisions. A case-study is carried out considering the well-known 33-bus distribution system.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Short-Term Operations Framework for a Disco in Competitive Electricity Markets","authors":"A. Algarni, Kankar Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520372","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive operational planning model for a disco operating in a competitive environment is presented in this paper. The operational planning function is a two-level model in which the first level deals with the disco's activities in the day- ahead stage. In the second level, the model deals with the disco's activities in the real-time stage. The first level model determines the disco's operational decisions with regard to its grid purchase, scheduling of any distributed generation (DG) sources owned by it, or purchase scheduling of investor-owned DG, contracting for interruptible loads. These decisions are imposed as binding constraints in the real-time model and the disco seeks to minimize its short-term costs keeping in mind its day-ahead decisions. A case-study is carried out considering the well-known 33-bus distribution system.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130506974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520311
P. Lautier, C. O'Neil, C. Deschênes, H.J.N. Ndjana, R. Eraser
While large and medium head hydro projects and technology have been intensively developed during the last decades, low head sites have been generally neglected due to the cost of civil work making such projects non-profitable. A new very low head turbine has been especially developed to address those sites. Keeping projects profitability at a good level was made possible by reducing required civil work and keeping the turbine as simple and as standard as possible. Control and efficiency issues have been addressed by using state of the art power electronics to achieve the best output at low head. This article gives an overview of the turbine design and its control technique using practical results measured on a first 450 kW unit installed and commissioned in southern France during spring 2007 and running since then.
{"title":"Variable Speed Operation of a New Very Low Head Hydro Turbine with Low Environmental Impact","authors":"P. Lautier, C. O'Neil, C. Deschênes, H.J.N. Ndjana, R. Eraser","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520311","url":null,"abstract":"While large and medium head hydro projects and technology have been intensively developed during the last decades, low head sites have been generally neglected due to the cost of civil work making such projects non-profitable. A new very low head turbine has been especially developed to address those sites. Keeping projects profitability at a good level was made possible by reducing required civil work and keeping the turbine as simple and as standard as possible. Control and efficiency issues have been addressed by using state of the art power electronics to achieve the best output at low head. This article gives an overview of the turbine design and its control technique using practical results measured on a first 450 kW unit installed and commissioned in southern France during spring 2007 and running since then.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114799911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520380
S. Auddy, R. Varma, M. Dang
With the increased penetration of wind power it is important to carefully asses the impact of grid integration of wind turbine generators. Accurate wind turbine generator models are required for this purpose. Variable speed wind turbine generators are widely being interconnected to the grid to ensure optimum power capture from the wind energy. In this paper, an attempt is made to validate a variable speed doubly fed induction generator model with the field test results. The GE 1.5 MW wind turbine generator is a good example of doubly fed induction generator configuration which is already implemented in PSS/E software. These wind turbine generators are actually installed in the AIM Erie Shore Wind Generating Station of Hydro One Network Inc. A series of tests were performed in this wind farm in 2006 winter. A few of the tests are simulated in PSS/E to validate the existing models. Simulation results are found to be in good agreement with the field test results confirming the accuracy of the GE 1.5 MW wind turbine generator (WTG) models of PSS/E wind. The reasons for the mismatch between the simulation and actual results are also pointed out.
{"title":"Field Validation of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) Model","authors":"S. Auddy, R. Varma, M. Dang","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520380","url":null,"abstract":"With the increased penetration of wind power it is important to carefully asses the impact of grid integration of wind turbine generators. Accurate wind turbine generator models are required for this purpose. Variable speed wind turbine generators are widely being interconnected to the grid to ensure optimum power capture from the wind energy. In this paper, an attempt is made to validate a variable speed doubly fed induction generator model with the field test results. The GE 1.5 MW wind turbine generator is a good example of doubly fed induction generator configuration which is already implemented in PSS/E software. These wind turbine generators are actually installed in the AIM Erie Shore Wind Generating Station of Hydro One Network Inc. A series of tests were performed in this wind farm in 2006 winter. A few of the tests are simulated in PSS/E to validate the existing models. Simulation results are found to be in good agreement with the field test results confirming the accuracy of the GE 1.5 MW wind turbine generator (WTG) models of PSS/E wind. The reasons for the mismatch between the simulation and actual results are also pointed out.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124858430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520324
G. Madescu, A. Trică, N. Budisan, O. Proștean, M. Biriescu, M. Mot
The paper discusses the optimization of low speed induction generators, directly coupled to the shaft of the turbines in variable-speed wind power generation systems. These low speed induction generators have a big number of poles and, as a consequence, low performance and big stator outer diameter. Because of the variable speed, a power electronic converter has to be used to deliver the produced energy to the grid. By using such a converter, the number of poles can be reduced and the rated generator frequency also decreased to an arbitrary nominal frequency. Both number of poles and rated frequency will be determined within reasonable limits as part of an optimization problem. The objective-function of this optimization is to maximize the product between efficiency and power factor without any geometrical or economical restrictions. Maximum values of this product provide high generator efficiency and lowest generator current and, in consequence, the lowest cost of the converter. The aim of the paper is to emphasize that the low speed induction generators with power electronic converters represent a realistic and useful solution for direct drive wind power application.
{"title":"Performance optimization of low-speed induction generators for direct drive wind turbines","authors":"G. Madescu, A. Trică, N. Budisan, O. Proștean, M. Biriescu, M. Mot","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520324","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the optimization of low speed induction generators, directly coupled to the shaft of the turbines in variable-speed wind power generation systems. These low speed induction generators have a big number of poles and, as a consequence, low performance and big stator outer diameter. Because of the variable speed, a power electronic converter has to be used to deliver the produced energy to the grid. By using such a converter, the number of poles can be reduced and the rated generator frequency also decreased to an arbitrary nominal frequency. Both number of poles and rated frequency will be determined within reasonable limits as part of an optimization problem. The objective-function of this optimization is to maximize the product between efficiency and power factor without any geometrical or economical restrictions. Maximum values of this product provide high generator efficiency and lowest generator current and, in consequence, the lowest cost of the converter. The aim of the paper is to emphasize that the low speed induction generators with power electronic converters represent a realistic and useful solution for direct drive wind power application.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122837946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520329
H. Bakhshi, I. Kamwa
In this paper, some topics related to the dynamic simulation and operations of Non-Utility Induction Generation (NUIG) are investigated. Various technical aspects related to the network conditions were analyzed mainly by computer simulation of a distribution network and NUIG units connected to it. The applied simulation tool was EMTP-RV, which is a commercial electromagnetic transient simulation program. This paper presents the guidelines to limit the self-excitation phenomenon of NUIGs in islanding conditions and proposes proper protection schemes for interconnection of NUIGs to the distribution networks.
{"title":"Control and Protection of Distribution Network with Non-Utility Induction Generators","authors":"H. Bakhshi, I. Kamwa","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520329","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, some topics related to the dynamic simulation and operations of Non-Utility Induction Generation (NUIG) are investigated. Various technical aspects related to the network conditions were analyzed mainly by computer simulation of a distribution network and NUIG units connected to it. The applied simulation tool was EMTP-RV, which is a commercial electromagnetic transient simulation program. This paper presents the guidelines to limit the self-excitation phenomenon of NUIGs in islanding conditions and proposes proper protection schemes for interconnection of NUIGs to the distribution networks.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130994223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520320
A. Sharaf, Y. Biletskiy, H. Mahasneh
The paper presents a low cost FACTS-based self adjusting power filter and capacitor compensation scheme (PF- CC). The topology and switching strategy of this scheme (developed by the first author) is controlled by self adjusting dynamic tri-loop error driver regulator. The FACTS-based compensation device is necessary in low voltage (below 1 KV) residential, commercial and small industrial loads with a substantial mixture of nonlinear arc, converter, and temporal inrush motorized loads. The proposed low cost scheme can ensure voltage stabilization, power quality enhancement, efficient utilization, and self switching and voltage flicker control. Nonlinear and temporal inrush motorized loads are mushrooming in use especially in consumer electronics, commercial and small industrial applications.
{"title":"A Low-Cost Modulated Filter Compensator for Energy-Efficient Enhancement in AC Utilization Systems","authors":"A. Sharaf, Y. Biletskiy, H. Mahasneh","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520320","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a low cost FACTS-based self adjusting power filter and capacitor compensation scheme (PF- CC). The topology and switching strategy of this scheme (developed by the first author) is controlled by self adjusting dynamic tri-loop error driver regulator. The FACTS-based compensation device is necessary in low voltage (below 1 KV) residential, commercial and small industrial loads with a substantial mixture of nonlinear arc, converter, and temporal inrush motorized loads. The proposed low cost scheme can ensure voltage stabilization, power quality enhancement, efficient utilization, and self switching and voltage flicker control. Nonlinear and temporal inrush motorized loads are mushrooming in use especially in consumer electronics, commercial and small industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115287272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520336
H. Jabr, N. Kar
Wound-rotor induction generator has numerous advantages in wind power generation over other types of generators. One scheme is realized when a converter cascade is used between the slip-ring terminals and the utility grid to control the rotor power. This configuration is called the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). A vector control scheme is developed to control the rotor side voltage source converter. This scheme allows the independent control of the generated active and reactive power as well as the rotor speed to track the maximum wind power point. In this work, a neuro-fuzzy gain tuner is proposed to control the DFIG. Vector control is used to allow independent control of the generator speed, active and reactive power. Six neuro-fuzzy gain tuners are used, two for each controlled variable. The input for each neuro-fuzzy system is the error value of speed, active or reactive power. The choice of only one input to the system simplifies the design and reduces the computational burden while giving excellent overall system performance.
{"title":"Neuro-Fuzzy Vector Control for Doubly-Fed Wind Driven Induction Generator","authors":"H. Jabr, N. Kar","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520336","url":null,"abstract":"Wound-rotor induction generator has numerous advantages in wind power generation over other types of generators. One scheme is realized when a converter cascade is used between the slip-ring terminals and the utility grid to control the rotor power. This configuration is called the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). A vector control scheme is developed to control the rotor side voltage source converter. This scheme allows the independent control of the generated active and reactive power as well as the rotor speed to track the maximum wind power point. In this work, a neuro-fuzzy gain tuner is proposed to control the DFIG. Vector control is used to allow independent control of the generator speed, active and reactive power. Six neuro-fuzzy gain tuners are used, two for each controlled variable. The input for each neuro-fuzzy system is the error value of speed, active or reactive power. The choice of only one input to the system simplifies the design and reduces the computational burden while giving excellent overall system performance.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125574752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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