Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520353
A. Neyestanak
It is known that the supplies of fossil fuels are limited and their utilization as energy sources causes environmental degradation due to unfinished ignition when used as energy source, in addition to this as the world population increases the order for energy sources increases, so the issue of a steady replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources is of major consideration for most countries: Iran Bing located in Asian Middle East enjoys a large potential for producing some 6500 MW of electricity with wind energy. This paper presents the potential and the growth for wind energy in Manjil and Roodbar in Iran. The Manjil and Roodbar area of Gilan provide constant high wind velocity due to its mountainous topography. It is expected that 95 MW electricity will be generated by wind energy turbines in near future.
{"title":"Wind Energy Developments in Manjil and Roodbar (Iran)","authors":"A. Neyestanak","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520353","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that the supplies of fossil fuels are limited and their utilization as energy sources causes environmental degradation due to unfinished ignition when used as energy source, in addition to this as the world population increases the order for energy sources increases, so the issue of a steady replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources is of major consideration for most countries: Iran Bing located in Asian Middle East enjoys a large potential for producing some 6500 MW of electricity with wind energy. This paper presents the potential and the growth for wind energy in Manjil and Roodbar in Iran. The Manjil and Roodbar area of Gilan provide constant high wind velocity due to its mountainous topography. It is expected that 95 MW electricity will be generated by wind energy turbines in near future.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132813848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520316
A. Hamadi, S. Rahmani, W. Santana, K. Al-haddad
The aim of this paper is to present a novel shunt hybrid power filter (SHPF), which consists of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) extended by adding a series passive filter (SPF) branch in series with the nonlinear load. The series passive filter is used to block harmonics between the non-linear load and the utility side. Consequently the shunt active filter compensates only the reactive power and the unbalance current. Its rating is greatly reduced. The arrangement proposed in this paper can isolate polluting loads; thus the voltage at the point of common coupling will not be disturbed and consequently can be used to feed the sensitive loads. The performances of the shunt hybrid filter are examined; simulations were carried out with Matlab/Simulink.
{"title":"A Novel Shunt Hybrid Power Filter for the Mitigation of Power System Harmonics","authors":"A. Hamadi, S. Rahmani, W. Santana, K. Al-haddad","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520316","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present a novel shunt hybrid power filter (SHPF), which consists of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) extended by adding a series passive filter (SPF) branch in series with the nonlinear load. The series passive filter is used to block harmonics between the non-linear load and the utility side. Consequently the shunt active filter compensates only the reactive power and the unbalance current. Its rating is greatly reduced. The arrangement proposed in this paper can isolate polluting loads; thus the voltage at the point of common coupling will not be disturbed and consequently can be used to feed the sensitive loads. The performances of the shunt hybrid filter are examined; simulations were carried out with Matlab/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134601552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520389
A. J. Morrison
In this study a series of simulations were developed that aimed to predict future global energy usage by category, given parameters for the availability and exploitation rate of available individual energy sources. This system of simulations was used to predict the trend of global demand for renewable energy sources in multiple scenarios, including those where coal production increases without ecologically motivated constraint, in addition to scenarios where coal production is frozen at year 2000 levels in order to approximate universal Kyoto adherence. All simulations were based on energy availability and consumption data from organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Statistics Canada (StatsCan), and prove consistent to within two percent of US DOE total global consumption projections [1] to beyond 2030. The significance of the projections are that they show an immediate and growing need to rapidly add renewable energy resources to global generating capacity, even in the scenario where coal fuel is burned at ever increasing rates.
{"title":"Global Demand Projections for Renewable Energy Resources","authors":"A. J. Morrison","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520389","url":null,"abstract":"In this study a series of simulations were developed that aimed to predict future global energy usage by category, given parameters for the availability and exploitation rate of available individual energy sources. This system of simulations was used to predict the trend of global demand for renewable energy sources in multiple scenarios, including those where coal production increases without ecologically motivated constraint, in addition to scenarios where coal production is frozen at year 2000 levels in order to approximate universal Kyoto adherence. All simulations were based on energy availability and consumption data from organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Statistics Canada (StatsCan), and prove consistent to within two percent of US DOE total global consumption projections [1] to beyond 2030. The significance of the projections are that they show an immediate and growing need to rapidly add renewable energy resources to global generating capacity, even in the scenario where coal fuel is burned at ever increasing rates.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126966339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520359
Jinsong Kang, Guoqing Xu, Zhouyun Zhang, J. Gong
Fuel Cell has been considered as an attractive candidate for providing automotive power recently. Various advantages of Fuel Cell include reliability, simplicity, quietness of operation, and low pollution. This paper proposes a kind of drive system applied to Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs), which utilized Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor as the traction motor. The mathematical models of BLDC motor are analyzed. The control diagram of drive system with torque closed loop control is proposed. The picture of the developed drive system is provided. The characteristic efficiency curves of the drive system in all speed range are tested. The experimental results confirmed that the drive system based on BLDC motor has the advantages of high dynamic responsiveness, high power density, high efficiency, wide speed range. It satisfies the operation condition of FCEVs and has been applied to 'Start II' Fuel Cell electric cars developed by Tongji University.
{"title":"Research on Drive System of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles","authors":"Jinsong Kang, Guoqing Xu, Zhouyun Zhang, J. Gong","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520359","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel Cell has been considered as an attractive candidate for providing automotive power recently. Various advantages of Fuel Cell include reliability, simplicity, quietness of operation, and low pollution. This paper proposes a kind of drive system applied to Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs), which utilized Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor as the traction motor. The mathematical models of BLDC motor are analyzed. The control diagram of drive system with torque closed loop control is proposed. The picture of the developed drive system is provided. The characteristic efficiency curves of the drive system in all speed range are tested. The experimental results confirmed that the drive system based on BLDC motor has the advantages of high dynamic responsiveness, high power density, high efficiency, wide speed range. It satisfies the operation condition of FCEVs and has been applied to 'Start II' Fuel Cell electric cars developed by Tongji University.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129470963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520385
H. Cheung, A. Hamlyn, Cungang Yang, R. Cheung
Various kinds of distributed generations (DGs) are being increasingly connected on the distribution systems and computer network-based controls are introduced to assist the system operations. This paper proposes a new network-based adaptive strategy for protection of distribution-system feeders connected with DGs. The proposed strategy provides an intelligent network-enabled protection for feeders and overcomes the DGs-imposed technical challenges such as increase of fault current, change of prescribed fault flow paths, sympathetic tripping, unintentional islanding operation, continuous non- interruptible fault current, etc., as well as non-DG-caused problems such as undetected high-impedance ground faults. This paper illustrates effective real-time determination of correct protection operations for feeders with dispersed DG-connections against faults and surges resulting from lightning, switching, equipment short-circuit, etc. Four typical case studies of the proposed network-enabled adaptive protection strategy for feeders in the distribution system connected with DGs are provided in the paper.
{"title":"Network-based Adaptive Protection Strategy for Feeders with Distributed Generations","authors":"H. Cheung, A. Hamlyn, Cungang Yang, R. Cheung","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520385","url":null,"abstract":"Various kinds of distributed generations (DGs) are being increasingly connected on the distribution systems and computer network-based controls are introduced to assist the system operations. This paper proposes a new network-based adaptive strategy for protection of distribution-system feeders connected with DGs. The proposed strategy provides an intelligent network-enabled protection for feeders and overcomes the DGs-imposed technical challenges such as increase of fault current, change of prescribed fault flow paths, sympathetic tripping, unintentional islanding operation, continuous non- interruptible fault current, etc., as well as non-DG-caused problems such as undetected high-impedance ground faults. This paper illustrates effective real-time determination of correct protection operations for feeders with dispersed DG-connections against faults and surges resulting from lightning, switching, equipment short-circuit, etc. Four typical case studies of the proposed network-enabled adaptive protection strategy for feeders in the distribution system connected with DGs are provided in the paper.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130743098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520337
S. Martel, D. Turcotte
There is an accelerating world demand for environmentally friendly power systems such as photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, fuel cells and microturbines. This environmental push, combined with a need for increased reliability of electricity supply, opens the door to many new technologies. This, in turn, calls for numerous standards covering the new distributed generation products themselves, from both safety and performance points of view, as well as their installation and operation in synchronism with the grid. There is a need for national standards that serve all parties, while minimizing the variations for regional requirements and ensuring products available on the international scene meet our market needs. That, in itself, can be a challenge. The development of these national and international consensuses takes time but significant work has been done in the last years, and more is currently undertaken to facilitate the deployment of distributed generation in Canada.
{"title":"Review of Distributed Generation Product and Interconnection Standards for Canada","authors":"S. Martel, D. Turcotte","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520337","url":null,"abstract":"There is an accelerating world demand for environmentally friendly power systems such as photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, fuel cells and microturbines. This environmental push, combined with a need for increased reliability of electricity supply, opens the door to many new technologies. This, in turn, calls for numerous standards covering the new distributed generation products themselves, from both safety and performance points of view, as well as their installation and operation in synchronism with the grid. There is a need for national standards that serve all parties, while minimizing the variations for regional requirements and ensuring products available on the international scene meet our market needs. That, in itself, can be a challenge. The development of these national and international consensuses takes time but significant work has been done in the last years, and more is currently undertaken to facilitate the deployment of distributed generation in Canada.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122624833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520387
M. Doumbia, K. Agbossou
The utility operation could be significantly enhanced when distributed generation (DG) systems are interconnected with the grid. During peak hours and emergency situations, some of the customers load can be transferred to an isolated generator, relieving the utility of the burden of supplying that load. Furthermore, isolated DGs are more flexible when operating in parallel with the grid. However, utility networks were generally not designed for the connection of generators. So many technical issues must be considered when connecting a generating scheme to the distribution system. This paper presents power transfer study, line voltage profiles and steady state voltage variation when generators operating in different modes, are connected to the utility grid. Theoretical analysis is provided and validated by computer simulation.
{"title":"Voltage Variation Analysis in Interconnected Electrical Network - Distributed Generation","authors":"M. Doumbia, K. Agbossou","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520387","url":null,"abstract":"The utility operation could be significantly enhanced when distributed generation (DG) systems are interconnected with the grid. During peak hours and emergency situations, some of the customers load can be transferred to an isolated generator, relieving the utility of the burden of supplying that load. Furthermore, isolated DGs are more flexible when operating in parallel with the grid. However, utility networks were generally not designed for the connection of generators. So many technical issues must be considered when connecting a generating scheme to the distribution system. This paper presents power transfer study, line voltage profiles and steady state voltage variation when generators operating in different modes, are connected to the utility grid. Theoretical analysis is provided and validated by computer simulation.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124010819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520326
G. Morris, E. Castillo-Guerra, A. Sharaf, M. Stevenson
Efficient and reliable linear and nonlinear fault diagnostic systems are of vital importance in modern utility power grids as quick, accurate detection of faults can assist in preventing system failures that cause economic loss and endanger human or animal life. The foundation of any fault diagnostic system is its set of predictors; robust predictors naturally lead to a reliable system. This work fills the need for a deep investigation into reliable fault detection predictors. Novel harmonic-based fault predictors are developed for diagnosis of fault condition in both radial and meshed type AC distribution systems, with four fault classification groups (bolted fault, high impedance nonlinear fault, linear fault, and a no-fault classification). These new fault predictors are optimized and rigourously tested against earlier fault predictors using existing fault models and known statistical methods in both noiseless and noisy conditions.
{"title":"Optimal Fault Predictors for Arc-Type Faults in Radial and Meshed Alternating Current Distribution Systems","authors":"G. Morris, E. Castillo-Guerra, A. Sharaf, M. Stevenson","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520326","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and reliable linear and nonlinear fault diagnostic systems are of vital importance in modern utility power grids as quick, accurate detection of faults can assist in preventing system failures that cause economic loss and endanger human or animal life. The foundation of any fault diagnostic system is its set of predictors; robust predictors naturally lead to a reliable system. This work fills the need for a deep investigation into reliable fault detection predictors. Novel harmonic-based fault predictors are developed for diagnosis of fault condition in both radial and meshed type AC distribution systems, with four fault classification groups (bolted fault, high impedance nonlinear fault, linear fault, and a no-fault classification). These new fault predictors are optimized and rigourously tested against earlier fault predictors using existing fault models and known statistical methods in both noiseless and noisy conditions.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122979297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520311
P. Lautier, C. O'Neil, C. Deschênes, H.J.N. Ndjana, R. Eraser
While large and medium head hydro projects and technology have been intensively developed during the last decades, low head sites have been generally neglected due to the cost of civil work making such projects non-profitable. A new very low head turbine has been especially developed to address those sites. Keeping projects profitability at a good level was made possible by reducing required civil work and keeping the turbine as simple and as standard as possible. Control and efficiency issues have been addressed by using state of the art power electronics to achieve the best output at low head. This article gives an overview of the turbine design and its control technique using practical results measured on a first 450 kW unit installed and commissioned in southern France during spring 2007 and running since then.
{"title":"Variable Speed Operation of a New Very Low Head Hydro Turbine with Low Environmental Impact","authors":"P. Lautier, C. O'Neil, C. Deschênes, H.J.N. Ndjana, R. Eraser","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520311","url":null,"abstract":"While large and medium head hydro projects and technology have been intensively developed during the last decades, low head sites have been generally neglected due to the cost of civil work making such projects non-profitable. A new very low head turbine has been especially developed to address those sites. Keeping projects profitability at a good level was made possible by reducing required civil work and keeping the turbine as simple and as standard as possible. Control and efficiency issues have been addressed by using state of the art power electronics to achieve the best output at low head. This article gives an overview of the turbine design and its control technique using practical results measured on a first 450 kW unit installed and commissioned in southern France during spring 2007 and running since then.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114799911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520346
S. A. Khajehoddin, A. Bakhshai, P. Jain
Unique features of multi-level converters have recently nominated them as significant alternatives for solid-state power converting units, even in the low and medium power range. The fact that multilevel converters need several DC sources in the DC side, makes them attractive for photovoltaic (PV) applications. This paper presents a new control strategy to control cascaded multilevel converters in a multi-string configuration for single phase grid connected systems. Eventually, simulation results are provided to validate the control system under various insolation conditions.
{"title":"The Application of the Cascaded Multilevel Converters in Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems","authors":"S. A. Khajehoddin, A. Bakhshai, P. Jain","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520346","url":null,"abstract":"Unique features of multi-level converters have recently nominated them as significant alternatives for solid-state power converting units, even in the low and medium power range. The fact that multilevel converters need several DC sources in the DC side, makes them attractive for photovoltaic (PV) applications. This paper presents a new control strategy to control cascaded multilevel converters in a multi-string configuration for single phase grid connected systems. Eventually, simulation results are provided to validate the control system under various insolation conditions.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124602119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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