Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520344
A. Al-Judi, N. Benaifa, M. A. Rahim, E. Nowicki
Some renewable energy sources provide dc electrical energy. For example, photovoltaic sources, fuel cells, and the rectified output of some turbine driven sources, produce dc voltages. If the outputs of these devices are to be fed to the ac power grid, a power interface is required. The cascaded h-bridge multilevel inverter is an electronic interface that can connect multiple dc energy sources to an ac power system. In this paper we present an analysis to demonstrate the degree to which the total harmonic distortion of a cascaded H-bridge can be reduced by having some H- bridges provide 3-level voltage contributions in each half-cycle of the stepped output voltage waveform. Such 3-level operation produces a very significant distortion reduction, the result of an increase in the number of steps.
{"title":"Increased Number of Voltage Steps for Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverters using 3-level Operation in each Half-cycle","authors":"A. Al-Judi, N. Benaifa, M. A. Rahim, E. Nowicki","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520344","url":null,"abstract":"Some renewable energy sources provide dc electrical energy. For example, photovoltaic sources, fuel cells, and the rectified output of some turbine driven sources, produce dc voltages. If the outputs of these devices are to be fed to the ac power grid, a power interface is required. The cascaded h-bridge multilevel inverter is an electronic interface that can connect multiple dc energy sources to an ac power system. In this paper we present an analysis to demonstrate the degree to which the total harmonic distortion of a cascaded H-bridge can be reduced by having some H- bridges provide 3-level voltage contributions in each half-cycle of the stepped output voltage waveform. Such 3-level operation produces a very significant distortion reduction, the result of an increase in the number of steps.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128749471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520316
A. Hamadi, S. Rahmani, W. Santana, K. Al-haddad
The aim of this paper is to present a novel shunt hybrid power filter (SHPF), which consists of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) extended by adding a series passive filter (SPF) branch in series with the nonlinear load. The series passive filter is used to block harmonics between the non-linear load and the utility side. Consequently the shunt active filter compensates only the reactive power and the unbalance current. Its rating is greatly reduced. The arrangement proposed in this paper can isolate polluting loads; thus the voltage at the point of common coupling will not be disturbed and consequently can be used to feed the sensitive loads. The performances of the shunt hybrid filter are examined; simulations were carried out with Matlab/Simulink.
{"title":"A Novel Shunt Hybrid Power Filter for the Mitigation of Power System Harmonics","authors":"A. Hamadi, S. Rahmani, W. Santana, K. Al-haddad","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520316","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present a novel shunt hybrid power filter (SHPF), which consists of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) extended by adding a series passive filter (SPF) branch in series with the nonlinear load. The series passive filter is used to block harmonics between the non-linear load and the utility side. Consequently the shunt active filter compensates only the reactive power and the unbalance current. Its rating is greatly reduced. The arrangement proposed in this paper can isolate polluting loads; thus the voltage at the point of common coupling will not be disturbed and consequently can be used to feed the sensitive loads. The performances of the shunt hybrid filter are examined; simulations were carried out with Matlab/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134601552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520387
M. Doumbia, K. Agbossou
The utility operation could be significantly enhanced when distributed generation (DG) systems are interconnected with the grid. During peak hours and emergency situations, some of the customers load can be transferred to an isolated generator, relieving the utility of the burden of supplying that load. Furthermore, isolated DGs are more flexible when operating in parallel with the grid. However, utility networks were generally not designed for the connection of generators. So many technical issues must be considered when connecting a generating scheme to the distribution system. This paper presents power transfer study, line voltage profiles and steady state voltage variation when generators operating in different modes, are connected to the utility grid. Theoretical analysis is provided and validated by computer simulation.
{"title":"Voltage Variation Analysis in Interconnected Electrical Network - Distributed Generation","authors":"M. Doumbia, K. Agbossou","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520387","url":null,"abstract":"The utility operation could be significantly enhanced when distributed generation (DG) systems are interconnected with the grid. During peak hours and emergency situations, some of the customers load can be transferred to an isolated generator, relieving the utility of the burden of supplying that load. Furthermore, isolated DGs are more flexible when operating in parallel with the grid. However, utility networks were generally not designed for the connection of generators. So many technical issues must be considered when connecting a generating scheme to the distribution system. This paper presents power transfer study, line voltage profiles and steady state voltage variation when generators operating in different modes, are connected to the utility grid. Theoretical analysis is provided and validated by computer simulation.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124010819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520359
Jinsong Kang, Guoqing Xu, Zhouyun Zhang, J. Gong
Fuel Cell has been considered as an attractive candidate for providing automotive power recently. Various advantages of Fuel Cell include reliability, simplicity, quietness of operation, and low pollution. This paper proposes a kind of drive system applied to Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs), which utilized Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor as the traction motor. The mathematical models of BLDC motor are analyzed. The control diagram of drive system with torque closed loop control is proposed. The picture of the developed drive system is provided. The characteristic efficiency curves of the drive system in all speed range are tested. The experimental results confirmed that the drive system based on BLDC motor has the advantages of high dynamic responsiveness, high power density, high efficiency, wide speed range. It satisfies the operation condition of FCEVs and has been applied to 'Start II' Fuel Cell electric cars developed by Tongji University.
{"title":"Research on Drive System of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles","authors":"Jinsong Kang, Guoqing Xu, Zhouyun Zhang, J. Gong","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520359","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel Cell has been considered as an attractive candidate for providing automotive power recently. Various advantages of Fuel Cell include reliability, simplicity, quietness of operation, and low pollution. This paper proposes a kind of drive system applied to Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs), which utilized Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor as the traction motor. The mathematical models of BLDC motor are analyzed. The control diagram of drive system with torque closed loop control is proposed. The picture of the developed drive system is provided. The characteristic efficiency curves of the drive system in all speed range are tested. The experimental results confirmed that the drive system based on BLDC motor has the advantages of high dynamic responsiveness, high power density, high efficiency, wide speed range. It satisfies the operation condition of FCEVs and has been applied to 'Start II' Fuel Cell electric cars developed by Tongji University.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129470963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520346
S. A. Khajehoddin, A. Bakhshai, P. Jain
Unique features of multi-level converters have recently nominated them as significant alternatives for solid-state power converting units, even in the low and medium power range. The fact that multilevel converters need several DC sources in the DC side, makes them attractive for photovoltaic (PV) applications. This paper presents a new control strategy to control cascaded multilevel converters in a multi-string configuration for single phase grid connected systems. Eventually, simulation results are provided to validate the control system under various insolation conditions.
{"title":"The Application of the Cascaded Multilevel Converters in Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems","authors":"S. A. Khajehoddin, A. Bakhshai, P. Jain","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520346","url":null,"abstract":"Unique features of multi-level converters have recently nominated them as significant alternatives for solid-state power converting units, even in the low and medium power range. The fact that multilevel converters need several DC sources in the DC side, makes them attractive for photovoltaic (PV) applications. This paper presents a new control strategy to control cascaded multilevel converters in a multi-string configuration for single phase grid connected systems. Eventually, simulation results are provided to validate the control system under various insolation conditions.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124602119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520326
G. Morris, E. Castillo-Guerra, A. Sharaf, M. Stevenson
Efficient and reliable linear and nonlinear fault diagnostic systems are of vital importance in modern utility power grids as quick, accurate detection of faults can assist in preventing system failures that cause economic loss and endanger human or animal life. The foundation of any fault diagnostic system is its set of predictors; robust predictors naturally lead to a reliable system. This work fills the need for a deep investigation into reliable fault detection predictors. Novel harmonic-based fault predictors are developed for diagnosis of fault condition in both radial and meshed type AC distribution systems, with four fault classification groups (bolted fault, high impedance nonlinear fault, linear fault, and a no-fault classification). These new fault predictors are optimized and rigourously tested against earlier fault predictors using existing fault models and known statistical methods in both noiseless and noisy conditions.
{"title":"Optimal Fault Predictors for Arc-Type Faults in Radial and Meshed Alternating Current Distribution Systems","authors":"G. Morris, E. Castillo-Guerra, A. Sharaf, M. Stevenson","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520326","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and reliable linear and nonlinear fault diagnostic systems are of vital importance in modern utility power grids as quick, accurate detection of faults can assist in preventing system failures that cause economic loss and endanger human or animal life. The foundation of any fault diagnostic system is its set of predictors; robust predictors naturally lead to a reliable system. This work fills the need for a deep investigation into reliable fault detection predictors. Novel harmonic-based fault predictors are developed for diagnosis of fault condition in both radial and meshed type AC distribution systems, with four fault classification groups (bolted fault, high impedance nonlinear fault, linear fault, and a no-fault classification). These new fault predictors are optimized and rigourously tested against earlier fault predictors using existing fault models and known statistical methods in both noiseless and noisy conditions.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122979297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520337
S. Martel, D. Turcotte
There is an accelerating world demand for environmentally friendly power systems such as photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, fuel cells and microturbines. This environmental push, combined with a need for increased reliability of electricity supply, opens the door to many new technologies. This, in turn, calls for numerous standards covering the new distributed generation products themselves, from both safety and performance points of view, as well as their installation and operation in synchronism with the grid. There is a need for national standards that serve all parties, while minimizing the variations for regional requirements and ensuring products available on the international scene meet our market needs. That, in itself, can be a challenge. The development of these national and international consensuses takes time but significant work has been done in the last years, and more is currently undertaken to facilitate the deployment of distributed generation in Canada.
{"title":"Review of Distributed Generation Product and Interconnection Standards for Canada","authors":"S. Martel, D. Turcotte","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520337","url":null,"abstract":"There is an accelerating world demand for environmentally friendly power systems such as photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, fuel cells and microturbines. This environmental push, combined with a need for increased reliability of electricity supply, opens the door to many new technologies. This, in turn, calls for numerous standards covering the new distributed generation products themselves, from both safety and performance points of view, as well as their installation and operation in synchronism with the grid. There is a need for national standards that serve all parties, while minimizing the variations for regional requirements and ensuring products available on the international scene meet our market needs. That, in itself, can be a challenge. The development of these national and international consensuses takes time but significant work has been done in the last years, and more is currently undertaken to facilitate the deployment of distributed generation in Canada.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122624833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520389
A. J. Morrison
In this study a series of simulations were developed that aimed to predict future global energy usage by category, given parameters for the availability and exploitation rate of available individual energy sources. This system of simulations was used to predict the trend of global demand for renewable energy sources in multiple scenarios, including those where coal production increases without ecologically motivated constraint, in addition to scenarios where coal production is frozen at year 2000 levels in order to approximate universal Kyoto adherence. All simulations were based on energy availability and consumption data from organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Statistics Canada (StatsCan), and prove consistent to within two percent of US DOE total global consumption projections [1] to beyond 2030. The significance of the projections are that they show an immediate and growing need to rapidly add renewable energy resources to global generating capacity, even in the scenario where coal fuel is burned at ever increasing rates.
{"title":"Global Demand Projections for Renewable Energy Resources","authors":"A. J. Morrison","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520389","url":null,"abstract":"In this study a series of simulations were developed that aimed to predict future global energy usage by category, given parameters for the availability and exploitation rate of available individual energy sources. This system of simulations was used to predict the trend of global demand for renewable energy sources in multiple scenarios, including those where coal production increases without ecologically motivated constraint, in addition to scenarios where coal production is frozen at year 2000 levels in order to approximate universal Kyoto adherence. All simulations were based on energy availability and consumption data from organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Statistics Canada (StatsCan), and prove consistent to within two percent of US DOE total global consumption projections [1] to beyond 2030. The significance of the projections are that they show an immediate and growing need to rapidly add renewable energy resources to global generating capacity, even in the scenario where coal fuel is burned at ever increasing rates.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126966339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520375
S. Nuchprayoon, N. Wiraphorn
This paper presents an implementation of capacitor placement and voltage reduction on distribution feeder. The objectives of this implementation are to obtain a flat voltage profile and reduce real power losses on distribution feeder. As a result, feeder capacity can be released and excess generation capacity could be avoided during peak-load periods. By installing capacitor banks on distribution feeder, cost allocation scheme between electric utility and small power producers is described. The proposed strategy has been tested with a 5-bus and 11-bus feeder models. The benefits of the proposed strategy depend on the load characteristics. The higher portion of voltage-dependent loads, the more benefits gained from voltage reduction.
{"title":"Implementation of Capacitor Placement and Voltage Reduction on Distribution Feeder","authors":"S. Nuchprayoon, N. Wiraphorn","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520375","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an implementation of capacitor placement and voltage reduction on distribution feeder. The objectives of this implementation are to obtain a flat voltage profile and reduce real power losses on distribution feeder. As a result, feeder capacity can be released and excess generation capacity could be avoided during peak-load periods. By installing capacitor banks on distribution feeder, cost allocation scheme between electric utility and small power producers is described. The proposed strategy has been tested with a 5-bus and 11-bus feeder models. The benefits of the proposed strategy depend on the load characteristics. The higher portion of voltage-dependent loads, the more benefits gained from voltage reduction.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131546445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520313
G. Kumar, B. Karney
The electricity usage with respect to water distribution systems is examined for the particular case of Ontario. The case is made that the integration of conservation and energy efficiency measures between the utilities would leverage investments better than isolated efforts. The similarities between water and energy production are highlighted and potential energy savings for water distribution systems are presented. Preliminary calculations of these savings yielded a 11- 27 MW power reduction over the daily cycle for leakage protection. These values were derived from the gross, yet conservative total of 57 MW, if all the leakage in hydraulic conduits was contained. Electrical load shifting (peak shaving) through active pumping for water distribution systems yielded a potential between 450 and 100 MW of freed up generation. It should be noted that the higher value of 450 is still conservative and that this could be significantly higher for the province if distributed storage was actively implemented.
{"title":"Electricity Usage in Water Distribution Networks","authors":"G. Kumar, B. Karney","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520313","url":null,"abstract":"The electricity usage with respect to water distribution systems is examined for the particular case of Ontario. The case is made that the integration of conservation and energy efficiency measures between the utilities would leverage investments better than isolated efforts. The similarities between water and energy production are highlighted and potential energy savings for water distribution systems are presented. Preliminary calculations of these savings yielded a 11- 27 MW power reduction over the daily cycle for leakage protection. These values were derived from the gross, yet conservative total of 57 MW, if all the leakage in hydraulic conduits was contained. Electrical load shifting (peak shaving) through active pumping for water distribution systems yielded a potential between 450 and 100 MW of freed up generation. It should be noted that the higher value of 450 is still conservative and that this could be significantly higher for the province if distributed storage was actively implemented.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131674288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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