Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520331
Zhutian Wang, Xinhong Huang, Jin Jiang
Distributed generation (DG) and microgrid technologies can be used to moderate the stress in electricity demand increase that the main stream utility grid is facing. In this paper, a control and monitoring system for an alternative energy based microgrid is designed using LabVIEW programming language. A prototype microgrid that consists of a PEM fuel cell power module and two synchronous generators is proposed in the study. The control system relies on a novel load- voltage control scheme for load distribution among these three energy sources. The proposed control system is implemented for the proposed microgrid.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Control System for a Microgrid involving a Fuel Cell Power Module","authors":"Zhutian Wang, Xinhong Huang, Jin Jiang","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520331","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed generation (DG) and microgrid technologies can be used to moderate the stress in electricity demand increase that the main stream utility grid is facing. In this paper, a control and monitoring system for an alternative energy based microgrid is designed using LabVIEW programming language. A prototype microgrid that consists of a PEM fuel cell power module and two synchronous generators is proposed in the study. The control system relies on a novel load- voltage control scheme for load distribution among these three energy sources. The proposed control system is implemented for the proposed microgrid.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"485 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131881242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520343
C. Pitis
Auxiliary ventilation is vital in mining industry, where dilution of dust and gases and removal of heat are some of the primary reasons. For this purpose the single stage axial fans are largely used in various sizes. The new energy efficient single stage axial fan (ENEF) design is based on the global concept of efficiency GEff. Increased overall efficiency of minimum 115% higher than existent fans currently in use was obtained by identifying and eliminating the "air stray losses". For a typical 45 kW fan, at the same delivered output air power required by standards, a save of 5...6 kW per fan is obtained. That means the fan performances are unchanged when the motor consumes less electric input power. For an underground gold mine that has an average of 200 units working 24/7 hours, it result an amount of 5 GWh/year energy savings. The paper presents the results of three years activity in research, design, manufacturing and patent of a new type of energy efficient axial fan "ENEF".
{"title":"Energy Efficient Single Stage Axial Fan (ENEF)","authors":"C. Pitis","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520343","url":null,"abstract":"Auxiliary ventilation is vital in mining industry, where dilution of dust and gases and removal of heat are some of the primary reasons. For this purpose the single stage axial fans are largely used in various sizes. The new energy efficient single stage axial fan (ENEF) design is based on the global concept of efficiency GEff. Increased overall efficiency of minimum 115% higher than existent fans currently in use was obtained by identifying and eliminating the \"air stray losses\". For a typical 45 kW fan, at the same delivered output air power required by standards, a save of 5...6 kW per fan is obtained. That means the fan performances are unchanged when the motor consumes less electric input power. For an underground gold mine that has an average of 200 units working 24/7 hours, it result an amount of 5 GWh/year energy savings. The paper presents the results of three years activity in research, design, manufacturing and patent of a new type of energy efficient axial fan \"ENEF\".","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115212905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520367
T. Mander, H. Cheung, A. Hamlyn, R. Cheung
This paper proposes a communication cybersecurity architecture for smart distribution system operations using distributed network protocol (DNP3). The focus is on providing cybersecurity for residential load-management devices that are networked for access by the utility and their consumers. The proposed architecture utilizes DNP3 to produce a disjoint protocol between strictly-regulated utility devices and devices accessible by the utility and consumers. The disjoint protocol limits the effectiveness of attacks originated from the consumer TCP/IP access to a device into the utility network. Since DNP3 does not provide sufficient security, security enhancements to DNP3 are proposed using data object security and a security layer. The data object security provides data access rules to a device, preventing unauthorized manipulation of device operations and data. The security layer provides confidentiality through encryption between devices for consumer personal privacy and to prevent cyber-attackers from identifying potential utility targets.
{"title":"Communication Security Architecture for Smart Distribution System Operations","authors":"T. Mander, H. Cheung, A. Hamlyn, R. Cheung","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520367","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a communication cybersecurity architecture for smart distribution system operations using distributed network protocol (DNP3). The focus is on providing cybersecurity for residential load-management devices that are networked for access by the utility and their consumers. The proposed architecture utilizes DNP3 to produce a disjoint protocol between strictly-regulated utility devices and devices accessible by the utility and consumers. The disjoint protocol limits the effectiveness of attacks originated from the consumer TCP/IP access to a device into the utility network. Since DNP3 does not provide sufficient security, security enhancements to DNP3 are proposed using data object security and a security layer. The data object security provides data access rules to a device, preventing unauthorized manipulation of device operations and data. The security layer provides confidentiality through encryption between devices for consumer personal privacy and to prevent cyber-attackers from identifying potential utility targets.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117322930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520384
R. Mohamedi, S. Lefebvre, A. Ba, A. Houle
Transmission congestions limit market activities, cause reliability and security problems. To increase the transfer capacity of a corridor, the conventional approach has been to compensate the corridor to the extent possible and to support the voltage through the use of appropriately positioned reactive or VAr compensation. Achieving full control of the power flow on the power grid requires that the impedance of the power lines or the phase angle of the voltage across individual power lines be made variable and controllable. The paper investigates smart alternatives to this problem.
{"title":"Increasing the Transfer Capacity of a Corridor Through Power Flow Control","authors":"R. Mohamedi, S. Lefebvre, A. Ba, A. Houle","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520384","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission congestions limit market activities, cause reliability and security problems. To increase the transfer capacity of a corridor, the conventional approach has been to compensate the corridor to the extent possible and to support the voltage through the use of appropriately positioned reactive or VAr compensation. Achieving full control of the power flow on the power grid requires that the impedance of the power lines or the phase angle of the voltage across individual power lines be made variable and controllable. The paper investigates smart alternatives to this problem.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123221648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520298
L. Mihet-Popa, V. Groza, G. Proștean, I. Filip, I. Szeidert
In this paper, the performance of variable speed wind turbine concept with cage rotor induction generator connected to the grid is investigated. Variable-speed wind turbine generator system has been modeled and simulated to study their steady state and dynamic behavior. A cage rotor induction machine of 11 kW rating with a vector controlled back-to-back PWM-VSI inverter on the stator side have been tested and the results compared with digital simulations. The cage rotor induction machine allows good speed range and it should be used in low-power variable-speed systems, replacing the classical direct grid connected fixed speed wind generator systems. Its capacity to deliver reactive power is remarkable.
{"title":"Variable Speed Wind Turbines Using Cage Rotor Induction Generators Connected to the Grid","authors":"L. Mihet-Popa, V. Groza, G. Proștean, I. Filip, I. Szeidert","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520298","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the performance of variable speed wind turbine concept with cage rotor induction generator connected to the grid is investigated. Variable-speed wind turbine generator system has been modeled and simulated to study their steady state and dynamic behavior. A cage rotor induction machine of 11 kW rating with a vector controlled back-to-back PWM-VSI inverter on the stator side have been tested and the results compared with digital simulations. The cage rotor induction machine allows good speed range and it should be used in low-power variable-speed systems, replacing the classical direct grid connected fixed speed wind generator systems. Its capacity to deliver reactive power is remarkable.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"35 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113960750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520297
A. Kasem, E. El-Saadany, H. El-Tamaly, M. Wahab
Withstanding grid faults becomes an obligation for the bulk wind generation units connected to the transmission network and it is highly desired for distribution wind generators. In this paper, a proposed scheme is implemented for DFIG to keep it operating during transient grid faults. Challenges imposed on the generator configuration and the control during the fault and recovering periods are presented. A comprehensive time domain model for the DFIG with the decoupled dq controller is implemented using Matlab/Simulink software. Intensive simulation results are discussed to ensure the validity and feasibility of the proposed fault ride through technique. The scheme protects the DFIG components, fulfills the grid code requirements, and optimizes the hardware added to the generator.
{"title":"A New Fault Ride-through Strategy for Doubly Fed Wind-Power Induction Generator","authors":"A. Kasem, E. El-Saadany, H. El-Tamaly, M. Wahab","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520297","url":null,"abstract":"Withstanding grid faults becomes an obligation for the bulk wind generation units connected to the transmission network and it is highly desired for distribution wind generators. In this paper, a proposed scheme is implemented for DFIG to keep it operating during transient grid faults. Challenges imposed on the generator configuration and the control during the fault and recovering periods are presented. A comprehensive time domain model for the DFIG with the decoupled dq controller is implemented using Matlab/Simulink software. Intensive simulation results are discussed to ensure the validity and feasibility of the proposed fault ride through technique. The scheme protects the DFIG components, fulfills the grid code requirements, and optimizes the hardware added to the generator.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125382756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520350
H. Ibrahim, A. Ilinca, R. Younes, J. Perron, T. Basbous
The electricity supply in remote areas around the world uses mostly diesel generators. This method, relatively inefficient and expensive, is responsible for the emission of 1.2 million tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) annually, only in Canada. Some low and high penetration wind-diesel hybrid systems (WDS) have been experimented in order to reduce the diesel consumption. The use of a high penetration system together with compressed air energy storage (CAES) it is a viable alternative to improve the overall percentage of renewable energy and reduce the cost of electricity. In this paper we compare different technical solutions for the CAES system and choose the one that optimize the performance and the cost of the overall system. While in this extended abstract only a superficial description of this system is introduced, detailed results of the simulation will be presented in the complete paper. This new design conducts to the increase of diesel power and efficiency, to the reduction of fuel consumption and GHG emissions, in addition to economies on the maintenance and replacement cost of the diesels.
{"title":"Study of a Hybrid Wind-Diesel System with Compressed Air Energy Storage","authors":"H. Ibrahim, A. Ilinca, R. Younes, J. Perron, T. Basbous","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520350","url":null,"abstract":"The electricity supply in remote areas around the world uses mostly diesel generators. This method, relatively inefficient and expensive, is responsible for the emission of 1.2 million tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) annually, only in Canada. Some low and high penetration wind-diesel hybrid systems (WDS) have been experimented in order to reduce the diesel consumption. The use of a high penetration system together with compressed air energy storage (CAES) it is a viable alternative to improve the overall percentage of renewable energy and reduce the cost of electricity. In this paper we compare different technical solutions for the CAES system and choose the one that optimize the performance and the cost of the overall system. While in this extended abstract only a superficial description of this system is introduced, detailed results of the simulation will be presented in the complete paper. This new design conducts to the increase of diesel power and efficiency, to the reduction of fuel consumption and GHG emissions, in addition to economies on the maintenance and replacement cost of the diesels.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121434254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520342
Philippe Lautier, M. Ieee, Martin Prevost, Patrick Ethier, Patrick Martel
Reducing operation cost and environment impact of diesel power plants for off-grid communities have become a subject of high priority during the past years. Two major development axes have to be considered: improving diesel generators efficiency and using renewable energy sources. A project is actually on its way in Pare de la Verendrye, Quebec, Canada, which will at the same time improve fuel efficiency of the diesel power plant and integrate renewable energy sources at a high penetration level. This paper presents the project on both technical and economical points of view.
近年来，降低离网社区柴油发电厂的运行成本和对环境的影响已成为人们高度重视的问题。必须考虑两个主要的发展轴:提高柴油发电机的效率和使用可再生能源。在加拿大魁北克省的Pare de la Verendrye，一个项目正在进行中，该项目将同时提高柴油发电厂的燃油效率，并在高渗透水平上整合可再生能源。本文从技术和经济两方面介绍了该方案。
{"title":"Off-Grid Diesel Power Plant Efficiency Optimization and Integration of Renewable Energy Sources","authors":"Philippe Lautier, M. Ieee, Martin Prevost, Patrick Ethier, Patrick Martel","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520342","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing operation cost and environment impact of diesel power plants for off-grid communities have become a subject of high priority during the past years. Two major development axes have to be considered: improving diesel generators efficiency and using renewable energy sources. A project is actually on its way in Pare de la Verendrye, Quebec, Canada, which will at the same time improve fuel efficiency of the diesel power plant and integrate renewable energy sources at a high penetration level. This paper presents the project on both technical and economical points of view.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129108119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520308
H. Blanchette, K. Al-haddad
Stand alone renewable energies are feedback to the local network with by a converter. The motor technology as well as the converter technology have a strong impact on the conversion efficiency. This work presents a study of these technologies on the energy conversion. The asynchronous machine driven by a DTFC control is compare with a brushless DC motor driven by a field oriented control. The study is realized with IGBT and MOSFET inverters with losses computed for each technologies. This approach, which can be adapted to any simulation tool, is useful to determine the selection of a technology for a long time investment. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
{"title":"The impact of power converter technologies on stand alone wind turbine applications","authors":"H. Blanchette, K. Al-haddad","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520308","url":null,"abstract":"Stand alone renewable energies are feedback to the local network with by a converter. The motor technology as well as the converter technology have a strong impact on the conversion efficiency. This work presents a study of these technologies on the energy conversion. The asynchronous machine driven by a DTFC control is compare with a brushless DC motor driven by a field oriented control. The study is realized with IGBT and MOSFET inverters with losses computed for each technologies. This approach, which can be adapted to any simulation tool, is useful to determine the selection of a technology for a long time investment. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133730175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520332
J. Balakrishnan
This paper explains the basic functions of a fuel cell and its merits with respect to supplying electricity. It is a most promising technology that is being researched and implemented in the last two decades. In addition to energy security and environment protection, hydrogen and fuel cells are the first step in a smooth transition to a hydrogen-based economy. Fuel cells as alternative energy is increasingly used in various small and large applications, both stationary and portable. Fuel cell technology can generate electrical and thermal energy increasing efficiency. The applications are highly suitable and viable in developing countries as well.
{"title":"Fuel Cells - Configuration and Operation","authors":"J. Balakrishnan","doi":"10.1109/EPC.2007.4520332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPC.2007.4520332","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explains the basic functions of a fuel cell and its merits with respect to supplying electricity. It is a most promising technology that is being researched and implemented in the last two decades. In addition to energy security and environment protection, hydrogen and fuel cells are the first step in a smooth transition to a hydrogen-based economy. Fuel cells as alternative energy is increasingly used in various small and large applications, both stationary and portable. Fuel cell technology can generate electrical and thermal energy increasing efficiency. The applications are highly suitable and viable in developing countries as well.","PeriodicalId":196861,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124574955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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