Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2536
P. Morales-Tapia, M. Gambardella
Abstract Argylia radiata is an herbaceous perennial plant native to northern Chile and a representative species of the “Blooming Desert”. Due to its showy flowers and other morphological characteristics, A. radiata has great ornamental potential. In earlier work, a deep morpho-anatomical description was made, but the micropropagation protocols, which could be used for commercial purposes, are not known. Previous assays showed that cytokinin supplementation improves the multiplication rate but produces shoot-tip necrosis in the microplants. To avoid it, different modifications of the growth medium were tested, including calcium nitrate supplementation; increasing in agar concentration; indole-3-butyric acid enrichment; and change of the basal medium formulation. The effect of these changes over the damage level, number of shoots, multiplication rate, plant height (cm), fresh weight and dry weight (g), and water content (%) of the microplants were evaluated. The use of McCown Woody Plant formulation as basal medium showed the best effect, reducing the damage level and improving the multiplication rate. Additionally, IBA supplementation was effective in reducing necrotic damage. However, 0.1 mg L-1 of IBA significantly decreased the multiplication rate, while 0.01 mg L-1 led to a higher multiplication rate than that of plants grown in the control medium. In conclusion, the use of McCown Woody Plant medium and IBA supplementation should be considered in commercial A. radiata micropropagation.
{"title":"Control of shoot-tip necrosis during Argylia radiata in vitro multiplication","authors":"P. Morales-Tapia, M. Gambardella","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2536","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Argylia radiata is an herbaceous perennial plant native to northern Chile and a representative species of the “Blooming Desert”. Due to its showy flowers and other morphological characteristics, A. radiata has great ornamental potential. In earlier work, a deep morpho-anatomical description was made, but the micropropagation protocols, which could be used for commercial purposes, are not known. Previous assays showed that cytokinin supplementation improves the multiplication rate but produces shoot-tip necrosis in the microplants. To avoid it, different modifications of the growth medium were tested, including calcium nitrate supplementation; increasing in agar concentration; indole-3-butyric acid enrichment; and change of the basal medium formulation. The effect of these changes over the damage level, number of shoots, multiplication rate, plant height (cm), fresh weight and dry weight (g), and water content (%) of the microplants were evaluated. The use of McCown Woody Plant formulation as basal medium showed the best effect, reducing the damage level and improving the multiplication rate. Additionally, IBA supplementation was effective in reducing necrotic damage. However, 0.1 mg L-1 of IBA significantly decreased the multiplication rate, while 0.01 mg L-1 led to a higher multiplication rate than that of plants grown in the control medium. In conclusion, the use of McCown Woody Plant medium and IBA supplementation should be considered in commercial A. radiata micropropagation.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46380666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2473
M. Ferraz, Antonio Maricélio Borges de Souza, Carla Rafaele Xavier Costa, Ana Carolina Corrêa Muniz, E. Loureiro, K. F. L. Pivetta
Abstract Tecoma stans is popularly known as ipê-mirim in Brazil. This species belongs to the Bignoniaceae family and it is native to Americas and Antilles, where it is widely used in landscaping as urban tree. The seedlings are produced from seeds and there are several factors that influences its development, such as the sowing time and the substrate. This work aimed to understand the effect of the sowing time and substrates on the production of Tecoma stans seedlings. The experiments were carried out in a nursery. The experimental design was completely randomized. The substrates were arranged in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme, two sowing times (autumn and spring) and six commercial substrates (SC1; SC2; SC3; SC4; sand and vermiculite) under four replicates and ten seedlings per plot. The means were compared to each other using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the seasons of the year, showing that the percentage of emergence was higher in spring (89%). The seedlings of Tecoma stans were shown to be nutrient-dependent both in the emergence of the seedling and in the subsequent development of the seedlings, since the highest averages of the studied characteristics were obtained in the commercial substrates, as they have nutrients in their composition, with greater emphasis on SC1.
{"title":"Sowing time and substrate in the production of ipê-mirim seedlings","authors":"M. Ferraz, Antonio Maricélio Borges de Souza, Carla Rafaele Xavier Costa, Ana Carolina Corrêa Muniz, E. Loureiro, K. F. L. Pivetta","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2473","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tecoma stans is popularly known as ipê-mirim in Brazil. This species belongs to the Bignoniaceae family and it is native to Americas and Antilles, where it is widely used in landscaping as urban tree. The seedlings are produced from seeds and there are several factors that influences its development, such as the sowing time and the substrate. This work aimed to understand the effect of the sowing time and substrates on the production of Tecoma stans seedlings. The experiments were carried out in a nursery. The experimental design was completely randomized. The substrates were arranged in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme, two sowing times (autumn and spring) and six commercial substrates (SC1; SC2; SC3; SC4; sand and vermiculite) under four replicates and ten seedlings per plot. The means were compared to each other using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the seasons of the year, showing that the percentage of emergence was higher in spring (89%). The seedlings of Tecoma stans were shown to be nutrient-dependent both in the emergence of the seedling and in the subsequent development of the seedlings, since the highest averages of the studied characteristics were obtained in the commercial substrates, as they have nutrients in their composition, with greater emphasis on SC1.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41283500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2517
Esteban Gandolfo, Guido Hakim, E. Giardina, A. Benedetto
Abstract The plug cell volume and the quality of the growing medium during nursery stand out as the most important factors affecting the success of ornamental plants, because they significantly affect biomass accumulation and post-transplant yield. These two technological inputs may also be a source of potential abiotic stress capable of modifying the grower´s profit. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physiological mechanisms involved in the growth of Limonium sinuatum plants in three different pre-transplant plug cell volumes and two different growing media as well as in their transplant to pots or to an amended soil. The hypothesis tested was that the negative effects of these combined abiotic stress sources could limit L. sinuatum growth and yield. Our results showed that, in response to limiting situations of root growth, L. sinuatum plants modified the expanded leaf area, the accumulation of fresh-dry weight and the partitioning of photo-assimilates. The physiological processes identified include the capacity for leaf initiation and expansion, the photosynthetic capacity, the growth rate per unit area and time, and the partitioning of photo-assimilates between different plant organs. Since these responses to different types and degrees of abiotic stress are similar to those found in plants depressed in endogenous cytokinins, we speculate that these hormones may be involved in the results obtained in this work.
{"title":"Effect of cell size and growing medium quality on the commercial productivity of Limonium sinuatum plants","authors":"Esteban Gandolfo, Guido Hakim, E. Giardina, A. Benedetto","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2517","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The plug cell volume and the quality of the growing medium during nursery stand out as the most important factors affecting the success of ornamental plants, because they significantly affect biomass accumulation and post-transplant yield. These two technological inputs may also be a source of potential abiotic stress capable of modifying the grower´s profit. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physiological mechanisms involved in the growth of Limonium sinuatum plants in three different pre-transplant plug cell volumes and two different growing media as well as in their transplant to pots or to an amended soil. The hypothesis tested was that the negative effects of these combined abiotic stress sources could limit L. sinuatum growth and yield. Our results showed that, in response to limiting situations of root growth, L. sinuatum plants modified the expanded leaf area, the accumulation of fresh-dry weight and the partitioning of photo-assimilates. The physiological processes identified include the capacity for leaf initiation and expansion, the photosynthetic capacity, the growth rate per unit area and time, and the partitioning of photo-assimilates between different plant organs. Since these responses to different types and degrees of abiotic stress are similar to those found in plants depressed in endogenous cytokinins, we speculate that these hormones may be involved in the results obtained in this work.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44835407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2553
Esteban Gandolfo, Guido Hakim, E. Giardina, A. Benedetto
Abstract It has been suggested that the response of the specialty cut flower Limonium sinuatum to different abiotic stress situations related to the plug tray cell size during nursery could be associated with the synthesis and translocation of endogenous cytokinins produced in the root tips. To validate this hypothesis, the aim of this work was to evaluate the participation of cytokinins in the process of biomass accumulation in L. sinuatum plants through foliar spraying with a synthetic cytokinin (benzyl aminopurine, BAP) and an inhibitor of the synthesis of endogenous cytokinins (dopamine). Our results indicated that spraying L. sinuatum plants with BAP increased leaf area initiation and expansion, biomass accumulation through increased plant photosynthetic capacity, and differential partitioning towards the shoot apical meristem by a positive feedback mechanism that has a threshold of optimal response close to 100 mg L-1 BAP. Dopamine spraying appeared to affect the synthesis of endogenous cytokinins, reducing the previously mentioned responses. Responses were dose-dependent, with an optimum of 100 mg L-1 BAP and 200 mg L-1 dopamine. Our results allow concluding that the level of endogenous cytokinins during the abiotic stress such as root restriction during nursery is a determining variable of the biomass accumulation process in this species.
{"title":"Involvement of cytokinins in biomass accumulation of Limonium sinuatum under root restriction during nursery","authors":"Esteban Gandolfo, Guido Hakim, E. Giardina, A. Benedetto","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2553","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It has been suggested that the response of the specialty cut flower Limonium sinuatum to different abiotic stress situations related to the plug tray cell size during nursery could be associated with the synthesis and translocation of endogenous cytokinins produced in the root tips. To validate this hypothesis, the aim of this work was to evaluate the participation of cytokinins in the process of biomass accumulation in L. sinuatum plants through foliar spraying with a synthetic cytokinin (benzyl aminopurine, BAP) and an inhibitor of the synthesis of endogenous cytokinins (dopamine). Our results indicated that spraying L. sinuatum plants with BAP increased leaf area initiation and expansion, biomass accumulation through increased plant photosynthetic capacity, and differential partitioning towards the shoot apical meristem by a positive feedback mechanism that has a threshold of optimal response close to 100 mg L-1 BAP. Dopamine spraying appeared to affect the synthesis of endogenous cytokinins, reducing the previously mentioned responses. Responses were dose-dependent, with an optimum of 100 mg L-1 BAP and 200 mg L-1 dopamine. Our results allow concluding that the level of endogenous cytokinins during the abiotic stress such as root restriction during nursery is a determining variable of the biomass accumulation process in this species.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46499622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2549
A. Castro, D. Correia, F. V. Souza, E. H. Souza, Jane Franco, T. B. Cavalcanti, Dulce Alves da Silva
Abstract Brazilian floriculture is driven by novelties, requiring the constant entry of new products into the market. This situation favors Brazil, which has, in its native flora, unique species in the world and with high potential for rational use for commercial purposes. The Brazilian flora with ornamental potential is little explored, and the use of species is restricted and, often, extractive with consequent genetic erosion. The use of native species from different ecosystems may constitute a future alternative of products for Brazilian floriculture. Despite the large amount of plant genetic resources, there are few initiatives for the conservation and domestication of species and improvement for sustainable use. For this reason, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) conserves collections of ornamental plants, and the research initiatives of these collections form the Genetic Resources of Ornamental Plants Project. In addition to conservation, it sought, in partnership with other institutions, the characterization and evaluation of the potential use of these species aiming at the completion of products for floriculture. In this way, the materials already characterized and documented make it possible to add value to genetic resources, already maintained. Currently, Embrapa has six ex situ collections of ornamental plants (Tropical species, Bromeliads, Cactaceae and species from the Pampa Biome, Amazonian Orchids and species from Cerrado) and also counts on the genetic variability of banks of other products (Passion fruit, Pineapple, Paspalum, Pepper, Pumpkin germplasm banks) that have been evaluating accessions, selecting and registering cultivars for ornamental use.
{"title":"Brazilian ornamental phytogenetic resources in Embrapa germplasm banks: obstacles and opportunities","authors":"A. Castro, D. Correia, F. V. Souza, E. H. Souza, Jane Franco, T. B. Cavalcanti, Dulce Alves da Silva","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2549","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Brazilian floriculture is driven by novelties, requiring the constant entry of new products into the market. This situation favors Brazil, which has, in its native flora, unique species in the world and with high potential for rational use for commercial purposes. The Brazilian flora with ornamental potential is little explored, and the use of species is restricted and, often, extractive with consequent genetic erosion. The use of native species from different ecosystems may constitute a future alternative of products for Brazilian floriculture. Despite the large amount of plant genetic resources, there are few initiatives for the conservation and domestication of species and improvement for sustainable use. For this reason, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) conserves collections of ornamental plants, and the research initiatives of these collections form the Genetic Resources of Ornamental Plants Project. In addition to conservation, it sought, in partnership with other institutions, the characterization and evaluation of the potential use of these species aiming at the completion of products for floriculture. In this way, the materials already characterized and documented make it possible to add value to genetic resources, already maintained. Currently, Embrapa has six ex situ collections of ornamental plants (Tropical species, Bromeliads, Cactaceae and species from the Pampa Biome, Amazonian Orchids and species from Cerrado) and also counts on the genetic variability of banks of other products (Passion fruit, Pineapple, Paspalum, Pepper, Pumpkin germplasm banks) that have been evaluating accessions, selecting and registering cultivars for ornamental use.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44737050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2523
G. Haspolat
Abstract Crop genetic diversity has a significant role in improving new plants through breeding. The chrysanthemum contains the most mutant varieties, making mutation breeding one of the most widely utilized breeding procedures for ornamental plants. The goal of this research is to use gamma irradiation to induce genetic variation and mutation breeding to improve chrysanthemum features. In vitro bud explants of the white ‘Bacardi’ type were treated with gamma rays at 20 Gy on this scope. The explants were subcultured until M1V4 growing period occurred, and observations were made during blooming on this time. Variable flower head widths, distinction on plant heights and widths, numerous flower numbers, color and size variations of ray florets were among the mutagenic changes observed in plants and flowers. Ray florets varied in length, width, number of rows, and color. The mutation frequency of the population was estimated 1.1% and yellow-colored florets were developed whereas the control group remained white. The dendrogram was grouped into five groups with 1, 28, 31, and 41 mutants in each based on the plant height and width, plant stem height and width, number of shoots and flowers per plant, flower head width, ray florets’ number- height- color, number of leaves, leaf length and width, and weight of flowering stems. The yellow-colored mutants were located in the first, second, and fourth groups. The advantageous mutations could result in improving new varieties. Gamma radiation is an effective mutagen for creating new chrysanthemum types when applied to in vitro bud explants.
{"title":"Induction of mutagenesis on Chrysanthemums","authors":"G. Haspolat","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2523","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Crop genetic diversity has a significant role in improving new plants through breeding. The chrysanthemum contains the most mutant varieties, making mutation breeding one of the most widely utilized breeding procedures for ornamental plants. The goal of this research is to use gamma irradiation to induce genetic variation and mutation breeding to improve chrysanthemum features. In vitro bud explants of the white ‘Bacardi’ type were treated with gamma rays at 20 Gy on this scope. The explants were subcultured until M1V4 growing period occurred, and observations were made during blooming on this time. Variable flower head widths, distinction on plant heights and widths, numerous flower numbers, color and size variations of ray florets were among the mutagenic changes observed in plants and flowers. Ray florets varied in length, width, number of rows, and color. The mutation frequency of the population was estimated 1.1% and yellow-colored florets were developed whereas the control group remained white. The dendrogram was grouped into five groups with 1, 28, 31, and 41 mutants in each based on the plant height and width, plant stem height and width, number of shoots and flowers per plant, flower head width, ray florets’ number- height- color, number of leaves, leaf length and width, and weight of flowering stems. The yellow-colored mutants were located in the first, second, and fourth groups. The advantageous mutations could result in improving new varieties. Gamma radiation is an effective mutagen for creating new chrysanthemum types when applied to in vitro bud explants.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43287208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536X.v28i4.2463
M. C. D. Souza, Mariana Ribeiro Oliveira, M. Nadal, P. Paiva, Michele Valquíria dos Reis
Abstract With the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, different areas were affected, with positive or negative effects, as a function of the conditions imposed above all by gardening activities. This brought effects on the production of ornamental plants. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyse the situation of production, commercialization and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ornamental plants market in the city of Dona Euzébia-MG. A questionnaire with objective and discursive questions was applied to the city producers (30). The production of seedlings in Dona Euzébia is economically and socially important. Most producers have properties with 5 hectares, are in activity for a range of 5 to 19 years and have between 2 to 5 employees. With the onset of the pandemic, the market for seedlings and ornamental plants in Dona Euzébia was positively modified, with an increase in plant sales, which led to changes in production and in the sales process. During the period, producers took all measures to prevent the spread of the virus. The interviews showed that ornamental plants were among the main species cultivated and among the most sought during the pandemic period analyzed in this study. Furthermore, despite the restrictions and the uncertain scenario, there is optimism among producers, especially in terms of post-pandemic sales.
{"title":"Ornamental plant market in Dona Euzébia - MG: production, commercialization and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"M. C. D. Souza, Mariana Ribeiro Oliveira, M. Nadal, P. Paiva, Michele Valquíria dos Reis","doi":"10.1590/2447-536X.v28i4.2463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v28i4.2463","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, different areas were affected, with positive or negative effects, as a function of the conditions imposed above all by gardening activities. This brought effects on the production of ornamental plants. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyse the situation of production, commercialization and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ornamental plants market in the city of Dona Euzébia-MG. A questionnaire with objective and discursive questions was applied to the city producers (30). The production of seedlings in Dona Euzébia is economically and socially important. Most producers have properties with 5 hectares, are in activity for a range of 5 to 19 years and have between 2 to 5 employees. With the onset of the pandemic, the market for seedlings and ornamental plants in Dona Euzébia was positively modified, with an increase in plant sales, which led to changes in production and in the sales process. During the period, producers took all measures to prevent the spread of the virus. The interviews showed that ornamental plants were among the main species cultivated and among the most sought during the pandemic period analyzed in this study. Furthermore, despite the restrictions and the uncertain scenario, there is optimism among producers, especially in terms of post-pandemic sales.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42315509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2515
Isabella de Souza Ribeiro, L. M. Ribeiro, J. S. Soares, J. Ramos, J. C. Sorgato
Abstract One of the obstacles for the production of Orchidaceae plants is the seed propagation. Thus, in in vitro cultivation, luminosity and the type of sealing of the bottles are factors that influence germination and initial development of orchids. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the light condition, the type of sealing of the bottles and the evaluation time in germination and initial in vitro development of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. After sowing, cultures were subjected to two irradiance conditions according to the sealing of the flasks: 7.0 µmol m-2 s-1 (threaded cap) and 19.0 µmol m-2 s-1 (plastic film) and two light conditions: white fluorescent lamp and red fluorescent lamp. At 30, 60 and 90 days, the percentage of germination, survival, of protocorms in stage 1, stage 2, stage 3 and stage were evaluated 4. DIC was used, in a sub-divided plot scheme for 30 and 60 days after sowing and in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme at 90 days. The highest germination percentage was observed when using white fluorescent lamp with a plastic film cover (70.33%) and at 30 days (70.13%). The highest survival percentage (100%) was observed when using plastic film cover and white fluorescent lamp at 90 days. The greatest development of propagules, reaching stage 4 was verified in the red fluorescent lamp with threaded cap (9.55%).
{"title":"Light condition, flask sealing, and cultivation time on the germination and initial in vitro development of Dendrobium nobile Lindl.","authors":"Isabella de Souza Ribeiro, L. M. Ribeiro, J. S. Soares, J. Ramos, J. C. Sorgato","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2515","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the obstacles for the production of Orchidaceae plants is the seed propagation. Thus, in in vitro cultivation, luminosity and the type of sealing of the bottles are factors that influence germination and initial development of orchids. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the light condition, the type of sealing of the bottles and the evaluation time in germination and initial in vitro development of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. After sowing, cultures were subjected to two irradiance conditions according to the sealing of the flasks: 7.0 µmol m-2 s-1 (threaded cap) and 19.0 µmol m-2 s-1 (plastic film) and two light conditions: white fluorescent lamp and red fluorescent lamp. At 30, 60 and 90 days, the percentage of germination, survival, of protocorms in stage 1, stage 2, stage 3 and stage were evaluated 4. DIC was used, in a sub-divided plot scheme for 30 and 60 days after sowing and in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme at 90 days. The highest germination percentage was observed when using white fluorescent lamp with a plastic film cover (70.33%) and at 30 days (70.13%). The highest survival percentage (100%) was observed when using plastic film cover and white fluorescent lamp at 90 days. The greatest development of propagules, reaching stage 4 was verified in the red fluorescent lamp with threaded cap (9.55%).","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44933317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2498
D. Jaén-Contreras, M. L. Arévalo-Galarza, M. E. Ramírez-Guzman, J. Cadena-Iñiguez, Marcos Ventura Hernández-Vázquez
Abstract Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) is an ornamental species used as a potted plant or cut flower, its popularity is due to the diversity of colors, number of flower buds, and shelf life. Nevertheless, during the first phases of development, problems such as foliar chlorosis and root diseases affects most cultivars, causing poor growth, thin stems, and few flowers. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improved plant growth as these microbes colonize the plant system root. Therefore, in order to provide better conditions for the stem development, the aim of this work was to evaluate the individual and combined effect of Bacillus subtilis (PGPR) and Glomus intraradices (AMF) on the growth and postharvest quality of the stems of lisianthus cv. Mariachi. Then commercial product Alubión-X (Bacillus subtilis (PGPR) and mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) were used. The variables evaluated were stem height and diameter, foliar area, leaves number and in postharvest, buds number, open and diameter of flowers and stem dry weight. The results showed a significant effect of the inoculation of G. intraradices on the size (66.92 cm) of the stem, as well as the combination of B. subtilis + G. intraradices (65.51 cm) compared to the control (36.9 cm). The number of buds and open flowers of the stems treated with G. intraradices were 33.35 and 23.9 respectively significantly higher than the control. G. intraradices alone is the best option for applying to lisianthus, when compared to applying with B. Subtilis.
{"title":"Quality of floral stems of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum Raf.) inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and Glomus intraradices","authors":"D. Jaén-Contreras, M. L. Arévalo-Galarza, M. E. Ramírez-Guzman, J. Cadena-Iñiguez, Marcos Ventura Hernández-Vázquez","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2498","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) is an ornamental species used as a potted plant or cut flower, its popularity is due to the diversity of colors, number of flower buds, and shelf life. Nevertheless, during the first phases of development, problems such as foliar chlorosis and root diseases affects most cultivars, causing poor growth, thin stems, and few flowers. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improved plant growth as these microbes colonize the plant system root. Therefore, in order to provide better conditions for the stem development, the aim of this work was to evaluate the individual and combined effect of Bacillus subtilis (PGPR) and Glomus intraradices (AMF) on the growth and postharvest quality of the stems of lisianthus cv. Mariachi. Then commercial product Alubión-X (Bacillus subtilis (PGPR) and mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) were used. The variables evaluated were stem height and diameter, foliar area, leaves number and in postharvest, buds number, open and diameter of flowers and stem dry weight. The results showed a significant effect of the inoculation of G. intraradices on the size (66.92 cm) of the stem, as well as the combination of B. subtilis + G. intraradices (65.51 cm) compared to the control (36.9 cm). The number of buds and open flowers of the stems treated with G. intraradices were 33.35 and 23.9 respectively significantly higher than the control. G. intraradices alone is the best option for applying to lisianthus, when compared to applying with B. Subtilis.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46788998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2433
M. V. Ferraz, L. J. G. Godoy, Giovana Stucchi, Antonio Gabriel Pontes Dos Reis, Marco Aurelio Amado Pacheco
Abstract The areca palm is an ornamental plant widely used in Brazil for decoration and landscaping. The proper use of fertilizers and balanced fertilization are among the main factors that promote the rapid development of these plants and affect their technical and economic aspects. Because of the need to elucidate areca palm nutrition, this study aimed to evaluate the use of mineral (conventional or controlled release), organic, or organomineral fertilizers in the production of areca palm in pots. The experiment was conducted for a year under a 70% shading screen using a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of different fertilizers: control: no fertilizer; mineral: 10-10-10; controlled release mineral: 14-14-14, mineral with 50% N and K release controls: 16-06-18, mineral: 13-05-13, organomineral: 16-06-09, and organic. The experiment consisted of measuring the vertical height of the plant and determining the Falker Chlorophyll Index (FCI) a and b. All fertilizers used in the experiment provided gains in growth and green color (Chlorophyll Index) in the areca palm grown in pots relative to the absence of fertilization. The three-month controlled-release fertilizer treatment produced the best results, positively impacting the areca palm production, both in terms of plant height and color, which are attributes that increase the product’s commercial value.
{"title":"Controlled release, organic or organomineral fertilizers for areca palm production","authors":"M. V. Ferraz, L. J. G. Godoy, Giovana Stucchi, Antonio Gabriel Pontes Dos Reis, Marco Aurelio Amado Pacheco","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2433","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The areca palm is an ornamental plant widely used in Brazil for decoration and landscaping. The proper use of fertilizers and balanced fertilization are among the main factors that promote the rapid development of these plants and affect their technical and economic aspects. Because of the need to elucidate areca palm nutrition, this study aimed to evaluate the use of mineral (conventional or controlled release), organic, or organomineral fertilizers in the production of areca palm in pots. The experiment was conducted for a year under a 70% shading screen using a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of different fertilizers: control: no fertilizer; mineral: 10-10-10; controlled release mineral: 14-14-14, mineral with 50% N and K release controls: 16-06-18, mineral: 13-05-13, organomineral: 16-06-09, and organic. The experiment consisted of measuring the vertical height of the plant and determining the Falker Chlorophyll Index (FCI) a and b. All fertilizers used in the experiment provided gains in growth and green color (Chlorophyll Index) in the areca palm grown in pots relative to the absence of fertilization. The three-month controlled-release fertilizer treatment produced the best results, positively impacting the areca palm production, both in terms of plant height and color, which are attributes that increase the product’s commercial value.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42959515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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