Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2456
Marisa Taniguchi, P. Paiva, Diogo Pedrosa Corrêa da Silva, F. Nery, R. Paiva, Michele Valquíria dos Reis
Abstract Strelitzia or bird-of-paradise, is an important tropical ornamental plant that is difficult to propagate because of seed dormancy issues and the low number of seedlings obtained from plant divisions. With greater knowledge of its structure, it is possible to develop strategies to improve the propagation process for this species, since information on this subject is currently limited. Thus, the objective was to carry out an anatomical, morphological and biochemical characterization of Strelitzia reginae seeds and embryos. The characterization of the seeds was performed through image analysis using GroundEye equipment, X-rays, and anatomical and biochemical analyses. Additionally, the following biometric characteristics of the seeds were obtained: an area of 0.33 cm2, a maximum diameter of 0.736 cm, a maximum lateral diameter of 0.59 cm, a minimum diameter of 0.58 cm, and a perimeter of 2.47 cm. The seeds of S. reginae can be considered starchy since they contain 15% starch. By integument anatomical analysis, we observed the presence of an exotesta (ex) and a posterior parenchymatic layer that was divided into a mesotest (m) and endotest (en). The characterization of Strelitzia reginae seeds and embryos showed relevant observations for the taxonomy and physiology of this species. The seeds are aleurostarches and present an area of 0.33 cm2 on average, with maximum lateral diameter of 0.59 cm. As result of anatomical studies, it was possible to determine coat responsible for integument dormancy.
{"title":"Morpho-anatomical and biochemical characterization of Strelitzia reginae seeds and embryos","authors":"Marisa Taniguchi, P. Paiva, Diogo Pedrosa Corrêa da Silva, F. Nery, R. Paiva, Michele Valquíria dos Reis","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2456","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Strelitzia or bird-of-paradise, is an important tropical ornamental plant that is difficult to propagate because of seed dormancy issues and the low number of seedlings obtained from plant divisions. With greater knowledge of its structure, it is possible to develop strategies to improve the propagation process for this species, since information on this subject is currently limited. Thus, the objective was to carry out an anatomical, morphological and biochemical characterization of Strelitzia reginae seeds and embryos. The characterization of the seeds was performed through image analysis using GroundEye equipment, X-rays, and anatomical and biochemical analyses. Additionally, the following biometric characteristics of the seeds were obtained: an area of 0.33 cm2, a maximum diameter of 0.736 cm, a maximum lateral diameter of 0.59 cm, a minimum diameter of 0.58 cm, and a perimeter of 2.47 cm. The seeds of S. reginae can be considered starchy since they contain 15% starch. By integument anatomical analysis, we observed the presence of an exotesta (ex) and a posterior parenchymatic layer that was divided into a mesotest (m) and endotest (en). The characterization of Strelitzia reginae seeds and embryos showed relevant observations for the taxonomy and physiology of this species. The seeds are aleurostarches and present an area of 0.33 cm2 on average, with maximum lateral diameter of 0.59 cm. As result of anatomical studies, it was possible to determine coat responsible for integument dormancy.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47628191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2512
Nelly Melissa Collaguazo-Lita, Evelin Estefanía Salazar Soto, Stalyn Wladimir Tipán Acero, Michael Ayala-Ayala, M. E. Ávila-Salem, María Yumbla-Orbes
Abstract Solidago canadensis L. cv. Tara and Delphinium elatum, the hybrid White River are summer flowers with great agronomic potential. The goal of this study was to establish the phenology of these species grown under greenhouse conditions, as well as to determine the correlation between climatic elements (relative humidity - RH, growing degree-days for development - GDD and soil moisture - SM) with growth variables (stem length and diameter, fresh weight FW - and dry weight - DW) in S. canadensis and D. elatum. The life cycle for S. canadensis and D. elatum ended when reaching 30% of the flower opening, the stem length reached 118.05 and 123.74 cm, at 94 and 77 days, respectively. The growth of both species showed a logistic curve pattern throughout the crop cycle; S. canadensis showed maximum values for absolute growth rate (AGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) at 77 and 42 days after transplanting (DAT), respectively; in contrast to D. elatum which occurred at 77 and 28 DAT. On the other hand, for the correlation between climatic elements and growth variables in S. canadensis, the GDD and RH were directly correlated with both FW and DW, stem diameter and length, while an inverse correlation occurred for SM. D. elatum showed a direct correlation between climatic conditions and growth variables.
{"title":"Phenology of Solidago canadensis L. and Delphinium elatum cultivated under greenhouse conditions and association with micro-climate variables","authors":"Nelly Melissa Collaguazo-Lita, Evelin Estefanía Salazar Soto, Stalyn Wladimir Tipán Acero, Michael Ayala-Ayala, M. E. Ávila-Salem, María Yumbla-Orbes","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2512","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Solidago canadensis L. cv. Tara and Delphinium elatum, the hybrid White River are summer flowers with great agronomic potential. The goal of this study was to establish the phenology of these species grown under greenhouse conditions, as well as to determine the correlation between climatic elements (relative humidity - RH, growing degree-days for development - GDD and soil moisture - SM) with growth variables (stem length and diameter, fresh weight FW - and dry weight - DW) in S. canadensis and D. elatum. The life cycle for S. canadensis and D. elatum ended when reaching 30% of the flower opening, the stem length reached 118.05 and 123.74 cm, at 94 and 77 days, respectively. The growth of both species showed a logistic curve pattern throughout the crop cycle; S. canadensis showed maximum values for absolute growth rate (AGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) at 77 and 42 days after transplanting (DAT), respectively; in contrast to D. elatum which occurred at 77 and 28 DAT. On the other hand, for the correlation between climatic elements and growth variables in S. canadensis, the GDD and RH were directly correlated with both FW and DW, stem diameter and length, while an inverse correlation occurred for SM. D. elatum showed a direct correlation between climatic conditions and growth variables.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46158749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2511
Máximo Salinas, Guido Hakim, Esteban Gandolfo, J. Lojo, E. Giardina, A. Benedetto
Abstract The key role of auxins as integrators of environmental signals has become well-known in recent years, and emerging evidence indicates that auxin biosynthesis is an essential component of the overall mechanisms of plant tolerance to stress. However, although the knowledge of the involvement auxins in the responses related to the generation of roots and accumulation of biomass, studies in ornamental species concerning the commercial propagation in plug cell trays are scarce. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the accumulation of pre-transplant biomass in Impatiens walleriana plants growing in two propagation systems (soilless medium-based plug cell trays and a floating system) with trays of different cell sizes and sprayed either with a single dose of the auxin indole acetic acid (IAA) or with two inhibitors of endogenous auxins, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). Our results demonstrate that plants from both floating system and those sprayed with IAA present both the highest leaf area and fresh and dry weight at the end of the experiment. Conversely, as a negative control, the use of NPA and TIBA as antagonists of the synthesis and translocation of auxins caused an opposite effect in such variables as compared to control plants. However, before making commercial recommendations, it would be necessary to evaluate the potential post-transplant effects of these treatments on the generation of I. walleriana yield.
{"title":"Involvement of auxins in Impatiens walleriana plants grown in different plug tray systems during nursery","authors":"Máximo Salinas, Guido Hakim, Esteban Gandolfo, J. Lojo, E. Giardina, A. Benedetto","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2511","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The key role of auxins as integrators of environmental signals has become well-known in recent years, and emerging evidence indicates that auxin biosynthesis is an essential component of the overall mechanisms of plant tolerance to stress. However, although the knowledge of the involvement auxins in the responses related to the generation of roots and accumulation of biomass, studies in ornamental species concerning the commercial propagation in plug cell trays are scarce. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the accumulation of pre-transplant biomass in Impatiens walleriana plants growing in two propagation systems (soilless medium-based plug cell trays and a floating system) with trays of different cell sizes and sprayed either with a single dose of the auxin indole acetic acid (IAA) or with two inhibitors of endogenous auxins, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). Our results demonstrate that plants from both floating system and those sprayed with IAA present both the highest leaf area and fresh and dry weight at the end of the experiment. Conversely, as a negative control, the use of NPA and TIBA as antagonists of the synthesis and translocation of auxins caused an opposite effect in such variables as compared to control plants. However, before making commercial recommendations, it would be necessary to evaluate the potential post-transplant effects of these treatments on the generation of I. walleriana yield.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46533387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2467
Mitra Amin, R. Naderi, S. Sedaghathoor, S. Kalatehjari
Abstract Asparagus umbellatus is one of the most popular cut foliage plants that widely used in decorations and bouquets. However, there was a lack of information concerning Asparagus postharvest handling. Therefore, in this study, two growth regulators gibberellic acid (GA) and salicylic acid (SA) on concentrations of 0, 100, 200, and 400 μM were applied in two stages viz., pre and postharvest, separately and in combination. Experimental traits including; chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, solution uptake, microbial population, relative water content (%), malondialdehyde content, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activity along with plant vase life were evaluated. The results showed that the application of GA and SA lead to significantly extension of the vase life compared to the control. Vase life difference between control (9.34 days) and the superior treatment i.e. GA200+SA200 (14.07 days) was more than 50%. Also, the pre-harvest foliar application of GA and SA increased the vase life slightly compared to the application in vase solution. The extended vase life in the per-harvest experiment was obtained using SA100+GA100 and SA200+GA200 treatments.
{"title":"Pre and post-harvest effect of gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on cut branches of Asparagus umbellatus","authors":"Mitra Amin, R. Naderi, S. Sedaghathoor, S. Kalatehjari","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2467","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Asparagus umbellatus is one of the most popular cut foliage plants that widely used in decorations and bouquets. However, there was a lack of information concerning Asparagus postharvest handling. Therefore, in this study, two growth regulators gibberellic acid (GA) and salicylic acid (SA) on concentrations of 0, 100, 200, and 400 μM were applied in two stages viz., pre and postharvest, separately and in combination. Experimental traits including; chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, solution uptake, microbial population, relative water content (%), malondialdehyde content, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activity along with plant vase life were evaluated. The results showed that the application of GA and SA lead to significantly extension of the vase life compared to the control. Vase life difference between control (9.34 days) and the superior treatment i.e. GA200+SA200 (14.07 days) was more than 50%. Also, the pre-harvest foliar application of GA and SA increased the vase life slightly compared to the application in vase solution. The extended vase life in the per-harvest experiment was obtained using SA100+GA100 and SA200+GA200 treatments.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49454440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2524
T. A. Gilio, P. B. Luz
{"title":"Two hundred years since the birth of Mendel: who he was and where we have come from his works","authors":"T. A. Gilio, P. B. Luz","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45612413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2516
J. Huylenbroeck, K. Bhattarai
Abstract During the last century, plant breeding of crops and ornamentals has become an important business. Mendel’s principles of inheritance of traits laid the foundation of today’s modern genetics. Although intra- and interspecific cross breeding, chromosome doubling and mutation breeding still form the cornerstone of ornamental plant breeding, the speed of plant breeding has significantly increased since Mendel’s time. New genomic tools now offer possibilities for advanced precision breeding and selection towards more difficult to assess or quantitative traits. Today’s ornamental plant breeding is a complicated exercise, characterized by new and rapidly-changing challenges. Partnerships between industry and research will be essential to implement available technologies in minor crops.
{"title":"Ornamental plant breeding: entering a new era?","authors":"J. Huylenbroeck, K. Bhattarai","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2516","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the last century, plant breeding of crops and ornamentals has become an important business. Mendel’s principles of inheritance of traits laid the foundation of today’s modern genetics. Although intra- and interspecific cross breeding, chromosome doubling and mutation breeding still form the cornerstone of ornamental plant breeding, the speed of plant breeding has significantly increased since Mendel’s time. New genomic tools now offer possibilities for advanced precision breeding and selection towards more difficult to assess or quantitative traits. Today’s ornamental plant breeding is a complicated exercise, characterized by new and rapidly-changing challenges. Partnerships between industry and research will be essential to implement available technologies in minor crops.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45912245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2505
H. R. Guariz, G. D. Shimizu, J. C. B. Paula, H. V. Sperandio, R. Marubayashi
Abstract Bauhinia monandra Kurz has ornamental characteristics as the shape of its crown and the exuberance of its flowering, being and is widely cultivated in urban afforestation in Brazilian regions. The production of forest seedlings is essential not only to meet the demand of urban afforestation, but also to conserve forests. However, studies on B. monandra regarding the degree of fruit maturity on seed performance are scarce. Thus, the objective of the current work was to verify the germination potential of B. monandra seeds at different stages of maturation at five constant temperatures. The germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (t), relative germination frequency, and mean germination speed (MGS) were evaluated. Initially, the mature seeds had a water content of 8.5% and the immature seeds of 68.3%. Mature seeds reached high germination percentages, above 96% for temperatures of 25, 30, and 35 ºC. The immature seeds demonstrated low germination percentages, reaching the highest percentage of 33% for the temperature of 25 ºC, followed by the temperatures of 30 ºC and 35 ºC, with respective percentages of 32% and 20%. Mature seeds demonstrated the highest GSI value (11.79) for the estimated temperature of 26.94 ºC and immature seeds the highest value of t (7.85) for the temperature of 26.56 ºC. It is concluded that mature seeds aggregate higher germination at an estimated temperature of 24.72 ºC and that immature seeds present unsatisfactory germination performance.
{"title":"Germinative potential of ‘Pata-de-Vaca’ seeds at different maturation stages under various temperatures","authors":"H. R. Guariz, G. D. Shimizu, J. C. B. Paula, H. V. Sperandio, R. Marubayashi","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2505","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bauhinia monandra Kurz has ornamental characteristics as the shape of its crown and the exuberance of its flowering, being and is widely cultivated in urban afforestation in Brazilian regions. The production of forest seedlings is essential not only to meet the demand of urban afforestation, but also to conserve forests. However, studies on B. monandra regarding the degree of fruit maturity on seed performance are scarce. Thus, the objective of the current work was to verify the germination potential of B. monandra seeds at different stages of maturation at five constant temperatures. The germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (t), relative germination frequency, and mean germination speed (MGS) were evaluated. Initially, the mature seeds had a water content of 8.5% and the immature seeds of 68.3%. Mature seeds reached high germination percentages, above 96% for temperatures of 25, 30, and 35 ºC. The immature seeds demonstrated low germination percentages, reaching the highest percentage of 33% for the temperature of 25 ºC, followed by the temperatures of 30 ºC and 35 ºC, with respective percentages of 32% and 20%. Mature seeds demonstrated the highest GSI value (11.79) for the estimated temperature of 26.94 ºC and immature seeds the highest value of t (7.85) for the temperature of 26.56 ºC. It is concluded that mature seeds aggregate higher germination at an estimated temperature of 24.72 ºC and that immature seeds present unsatisfactory germination performance.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43267348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2387
M. Milani, Elisandra Maria Pradella, W. Heintze, G. Schafer, S. J. Lopes, R. Bender
Abstract Success in production and quality of gerbera flower stalks over time depends on environmental factors and on appropriate fertilization procedures. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the production and quality of flower stalks of gerberas as cut flower cultivated for 28 months (with 25 months of harvest) in a pine bark-based substrate supplemented with different doses of nitrogen and calcium. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Three doses of nitrogen (N) (0.07 g, 0.15 g and 0.20 g L-1 substrate) and three doses of calcium (Ca) (0.02 g, 0.03 g and 0.04 g L-1 substrate) were applied every 15 days along the cultivation period. The control was considered an additional treatment to which neither N nor Ca was supplemented to the plants in the pots. Highest flower yields and best flower quality were obtained in months in which the temperatures were in the range of 20 ºC to 25 ºC. The highest number of floral stalks and the largest diameter of the capitulum had a significant quadratic adjustment according to N doses. The maximum values were obtained with 0.14 g of N L-1 substrate. Whereas for Ca fertilization, a significant positive linear adjustment was determined, i.e., the highest values were obtained with the highest dose (0.04 g Ca L-1 substrate). There was a monthly variation in the yield and quality of cut gerberas grown in commercial substrate based on pine bark regardless of the different doses of nitrogen and calcium used in the experiment.
随着时间的推移，非洲菊花茎的生产和质量的成功取决于环境因素和适当的施肥程序。本工作的目的是评估非洲菊花茎的产量和质量，非洲菊是在补充不同剂量氮和钙的松树皮基质中培养28个月（收获25个月）的切花。这个实验是在温室里进行的。在培养期间每15天施用三剂氮（N）（0.07g、0.15g和0.20g L-1基质）和三剂钙（Ca）（0.02g、0.03g和0.04g L-1底物）。对照被认为是一种额外的处理，在该处理中，盆中的植物既不补充N也不补充Ca。温度在20ºC至25ºC之间的月份获得了最高的花朵产量和最佳的花朵质量。最高花茎数和最大头状花序直径根据N剂量有显著的二次调节。使用0.14g的N L-1基质获得最大值。而对于Ca施肥，则确定了显著的正线性调整，即最高剂量（0.04 g Ca L-1基质）获得最高值。无论实验中使用的氮和钙的剂量如何，在以松树皮为基础的商业基质中生长的非洲菊切片的产量和质量都会每月发生变化。
{"title":"Yield and quality of gerbera floral stalks in substrate supplemented with different doses of nitrogen and calcium","authors":"M. Milani, Elisandra Maria Pradella, W. Heintze, G. Schafer, S. J. Lopes, R. Bender","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2387","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Success in production and quality of gerbera flower stalks over time depends on environmental factors and on appropriate fertilization procedures. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the production and quality of flower stalks of gerberas as cut flower cultivated for 28 months (with 25 months of harvest) in a pine bark-based substrate supplemented with different doses of nitrogen and calcium. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Three doses of nitrogen (N) (0.07 g, 0.15 g and 0.20 g L-1 substrate) and three doses of calcium (Ca) (0.02 g, 0.03 g and 0.04 g L-1 substrate) were applied every 15 days along the cultivation period. The control was considered an additional treatment to which neither N nor Ca was supplemented to the plants in the pots. Highest flower yields and best flower quality were obtained in months in which the temperatures were in the range of 20 ºC to 25 ºC. The highest number of floral stalks and the largest diameter of the capitulum had a significant quadratic adjustment according to N doses. The maximum values were obtained with 0.14 g of N L-1 substrate. Whereas for Ca fertilization, a significant positive linear adjustment was determined, i.e., the highest values were obtained with the highest dose (0.04 g Ca L-1 substrate). There was a monthly variation in the yield and quality of cut gerberas grown in commercial substrate based on pine bark regardless of the different doses of nitrogen and calcium used in the experiment.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41563215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2460
Jorge Luiz Marx Young, M. C. Siqueira, S. Kanashiro, Emerson da Silva, A. Tavares
Abstract The bromeliads are desirable vase plants because of the flowering bract and the usually large, bold, colored and exotic format of the leaves that forms a cistern. The main function of epiphytic bromeliads roots is the fixation on the substrate, while water and nutrients uptake are performed mainly by leaves. However, recent studies have shown that the roots of epiphytic bromeliads can also help in the absorption of water and nutrients, contributing to plant growth and development. The present study aimed to evaluate the importance of the root system in the mineral nutrition of an epiphytic ornamental bromeliad silver vase bromeliad (Aechmea fasciata) that occurs in Brazil. 80 plants were cultivated for 240 days in plastic pots (900 mL) containing composted pine bark and were subjected to 5 treatments with 50 mL of 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% Hoagland & Arnon (HA) nutrient solution, applied twice a week only onto the substrate. Biometric and biomass variables of root and shoots, as well as macro- and micronutrients content in silver vase bromeliad leaves were evaluated. Results showed that all biometric and biomass parameters increased with the application of increasing HA solution concentrations, while the nutritional content in leaves showed different responses, with increase in nitrogen and potassium, decrease in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, sulfur, iron and zinc. We conclude that silver vase bromeliad grows better when fertilized with 75% or 100% HA solution on the substrate. We emphasize that the roots of the epiphytic silver vase bromeliad are functional and plays important roles in its nutrition and growth.
凤梨花是理想的花瓶植物，因为开花苞片和通常大，大胆，彩色和异国情调的格式的叶子，形成一个池。附生凤梨根的主要功能是对基质的固定，而水分和养分的吸收主要由叶片完成。然而，最近的研究表明，附生凤梨的根也可以帮助吸收水分和营养，有助于植物的生长发育。本研究旨在评估巴西附生观赏凤梨银瓶凤梨(Aechmea fasciata)根系在矿物质营养中的重要性。80株植物在含有松皮堆肥的塑料盆(900 mL)中培养240天，并进行5次处理，分别为50 mL 0%(对照)、25%、50%、75%和100% Hoagland & Arnon (HA)营养液，每周两次只施用于基质上。对凤梨根和芽的生物计量学和生物量变量以及叶片中宏量和微量元素含量进行了评价。结果表明，随着HA溶液浓度的增加，所有生物特征参数和生物量参数均增加，而叶片营养成分则呈现不同的响应，氮、钾含量增加，钙、磷、镁、锰、铜、硫、铁、锌含量减少。结果表明，在基质上施用75%或100%的HA溶液时，银瓶凤梨生长较好。本文强调附生凤梨属植物的根是功能性的，在其营养和生长中起着重要的作用。
{"title":"Nutrients uptake by silver vase bromeliad roots","authors":"Jorge Luiz Marx Young, M. C. Siqueira, S. Kanashiro, Emerson da Silva, A. Tavares","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i3.2460","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The bromeliads are desirable vase plants because of the flowering bract and the usually large, bold, colored and exotic format of the leaves that forms a cistern. The main function of epiphytic bromeliads roots is the fixation on the substrate, while water and nutrients uptake are performed mainly by leaves. However, recent studies have shown that the roots of epiphytic bromeliads can also help in the absorption of water and nutrients, contributing to plant growth and development. The present study aimed to evaluate the importance of the root system in the mineral nutrition of an epiphytic ornamental bromeliad silver vase bromeliad (Aechmea fasciata) that occurs in Brazil. 80 plants were cultivated for 240 days in plastic pots (900 mL) containing composted pine bark and were subjected to 5 treatments with 50 mL of 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% Hoagland & Arnon (HA) nutrient solution, applied twice a week only onto the substrate. Biometric and biomass variables of root and shoots, as well as macro- and micronutrients content in silver vase bromeliad leaves were evaluated. Results showed that all biometric and biomass parameters increased with the application of increasing HA solution concentrations, while the nutritional content in leaves showed different responses, with increase in nitrogen and potassium, decrease in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, sulfur, iron and zinc. We conclude that silver vase bromeliad grows better when fertilized with 75% or 100% HA solution on the substrate. We emphasize that the roots of the epiphytic silver vase bromeliad are functional and plays important roles in its nutrition and growth.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45182984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2461
Máximo Salinas, Guido Hakim, Esteban Gandolfo, J. Lojo, E. Giardina, A. Benedetto
Abstract In ornamental plants, the need to optimize nursery management has led to a tendency to decrease plug cell tray volume. However, in ornamental plants such as Impatiens walleriana, a lower plug cell volume can negatively affect leaf area expansion and biomass accumulation during the pre-transplant cycle. Because these results have been associated with a decrease in root growth, a floating system where roots come out of the plug cell has been proposed. The aim of this work was to describe pre-transplant biomass accumulation in plants from different plug cell volumes and the response to two propagation systems: media-based plug cell trays and floating system. The relationship found between plug cell volume and growth in both the media-based and floating systems is in agreement with that found in previous reports. With respect to the traditional media-based system, the floating system showed higher leaf area expansion, as a result of higher leaf appearance rate and relative leaf area expansion. Higher fresh and dry weight accumulation were estimated through the relative growth rate (RGR), with a strong relationship with the capacity of photo assimilate production (net assimilation rate) and RGR. However, all these changes cannot be exclusively associated with a higher root growth in the floating system. Our experiments validate the positive results in favor of the use of a floating system and also shows the physiological mechanisms involved.
{"title":"Response of the ornamental bedding plant Impatiens walleriana to plug cell volume on a floating system during nursery","authors":"Máximo Salinas, Guido Hakim, Esteban Gandolfo, J. Lojo, E. Giardina, A. Benedetto","doi":"10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i2.2461","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In ornamental plants, the need to optimize nursery management has led to a tendency to decrease plug cell tray volume. However, in ornamental plants such as Impatiens walleriana, a lower plug cell volume can negatively affect leaf area expansion and biomass accumulation during the pre-transplant cycle. Because these results have been associated with a decrease in root growth, a floating system where roots come out of the plug cell has been proposed. The aim of this work was to describe pre-transplant biomass accumulation in plants from different plug cell volumes and the response to two propagation systems: media-based plug cell trays and floating system. The relationship found between plug cell volume and growth in both the media-based and floating systems is in agreement with that found in previous reports. With respect to the traditional media-based system, the floating system showed higher leaf area expansion, as a result of higher leaf appearance rate and relative leaf area expansion. Higher fresh and dry weight accumulation were estimated through the relative growth rate (RGR), with a strong relationship with the capacity of photo assimilate production (net assimilation rate) and RGR. However, all these changes cannot be exclusively associated with a higher root growth in the floating system. Our experiments validate the positive results in favor of the use of a floating system and also shows the physiological mechanisms involved.","PeriodicalId":19699,"journal":{"name":"Ornamental Horticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49063672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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