Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-47-51
A. S. Fadeeva, Yu. A. Kokorina, E. Y. Shestopalov, V. V. Tomilova
Aim. To determine the role of personalized approaches in the rehabilitation of patients with neurogenic dysphagia after acute disorders of cerebral circulation (ADCC) in the early recovery period.Materials and methods. The study included 97 patients (53 men and 44 women with the mean age of 69.5) in the early recovery period after ADСС. All the patients were at the second stage of medical rehabilitation. The treatment program included the following methods of logopedic rehabilitation: disinhibition of the act of swallowing; stimulation of the sensitivity of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity; recovery of respiratory and speech functions; selection of the consistency of liquid and solid foods to ensure the safety of swallowing during feeding; selection of the feeding method and appropriate portions to facilitate the patient’s eating.Results. When developing a personalized program of logopedic rehabilitation, the following aspects were considered: the severity of swallowing dysfunctions; the primary speech defect; patient compliance; the degree of cognitive dysfunctions; motivation for recovery.Conclusion. The application of logopedic rehabilitation methods in combination with specialized multidisciplinary care based on personalized approaches can significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce the risk of undesired complications.
{"title":"Personalized approach to the logopedic rehabilitation of neurogenic dysphagia patients","authors":"A. S. Fadeeva, Yu. A. Kokorina, E. Y. Shestopalov, V. V. Tomilova","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-47-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-47-51","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the role of personalized approaches in the rehabilitation of patients with neurogenic dysphagia after acute disorders of cerebral circulation (ADCC) in the early recovery period.Materials and methods. The study included 97 patients (53 men and 44 women with the mean age of 69.5) in the early recovery period after ADСС. All the patients were at the second stage of medical rehabilitation. The treatment program included the following methods of logopedic rehabilitation: disinhibition of the act of swallowing; stimulation of the sensitivity of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity; recovery of respiratory and speech functions; selection of the consistency of liquid and solid foods to ensure the safety of swallowing during feeding; selection of the feeding method and appropriate portions to facilitate the patient’s eating.Results. When developing a personalized program of logopedic rehabilitation, the following aspects were considered: the severity of swallowing dysfunctions; the primary speech defect; patient compliance; the degree of cognitive dysfunctions; motivation for recovery.Conclusion. The application of logopedic rehabilitation methods in combination with specialized multidisciplinary care based on personalized approaches can significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce the risk of undesired complications.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"442 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139823985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-21-25
T. A. Kantur, E. V. Khmeleva, Yu. B. Kolesnikova, Z. B. Barzeeva
Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation of the lower extremities in stroke patients at different stages of motor rehabilitation.Materials and methods. The study involved 80 patients with motor disorders after stroke. The studied treatment methods included passive and passive-active functional electrical stimulation (FES) in combination with the THERATrainer Tigo and active FES (neuro-orthosis) WalkAide.Results. The analysis of motor status indicators, namely the Berg Balance Scale, 6-minute walk test, and dynamic walking index showed the maximum efficacy of active FES with biofeedback.Conclusion. When prescribing and selecting a method of electrical stimulation, preference in neurorehabilitation should be given to methods of passive-active and active functional stimulation.
{"title":"Efficacy of functional electrical stimulation of the lower extremities in stroke patients","authors":"T. A. Kantur, E. V. Khmeleva, Yu. B. Kolesnikova, Z. B. Barzeeva","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-21-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-21-25","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation of the lower extremities in stroke patients at different stages of motor rehabilitation.Materials and methods. The study involved 80 patients with motor disorders after stroke. The studied treatment methods included passive and passive-active functional electrical stimulation (FES) in combination with the THERATrainer Tigo and active FES (neuro-orthosis) WalkAide.Results. The analysis of motor status indicators, namely the Berg Balance Scale, 6-minute walk test, and dynamic walking index showed the maximum efficacy of active FES with biofeedback.Conclusion. When prescribing and selecting a method of electrical stimulation, preference in neurorehabilitation should be given to methods of passive-active and active functional stimulation.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"90 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139872712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-42-46
T. A. Fominykh, V. Ulanov, A. Zakharova, V. V. Kiselev
In this article, we discuss the current state and future directions in the field of forensic genetics. The DNA analysis of biological traces found at a crime scene, which was first used in a criminal investigation in 1987, did revolutionize forensic science. Over the past three decades, significant advances have been made in the recognition capacity, speed, and sensitivity of DNA profiling methods, as well as in their capability of typing increasingly complex patterns. Creation of DNA databases of criminals and crime scenes, as well as population allele frequencies, allows suspects to be identified from crime scene samples and DNA evidence to be statistically processed to verify its reliability. At present, it has become possible to identify even single cells left at a crime scene and to successfully analyze ancient human remains. Forensic DNA profiling can be used to identify not only individuals known to the investigating authorities. Experts are increasingly applying new genetic markers that can expand the scope of DNA profiling methods. Modern developments enable extraction of new types of forensically significant information from biological traces, e.g., using molecular approaches to searching for individuals previously unknown to investigators. New methods have been proposed to identify the relationship between the donors of forensic samples and the crimes committed. Modern advances in the decoding of the human genome, as well as the availability of genome-wide analysis and sequencing techniques, pave the way for new forensic DNA tools capable of enhancing the quality of forensic science in the near future.
在本文中，我们将讨论法医遗传学领域的现状和未来发展方向。对犯罪现场发现的生物痕迹进行 DNA 分析于 1987 年首次用于刑事调查，这确实是法医学的一场革命。在过去的三十年里，DNA 检测方法在识别能力、速度和灵敏度方面都取得了显著的进步，其分型能力也越来越复杂。犯罪分子和犯罪现场 DNA 数据库的建立，以及人口等位基因频率的提高，使得从犯罪现场样本中识别嫌疑犯成为可能，DNA 证据也可以通过统计处理来验证其可靠性。目前，即使是犯罪现场遗留的单细胞，也有可能被识别出来，并能成功分析古代人类遗骸。法医 DNA 鉴定不仅可用于识别调查当局已知的个人。专家们越来越多地应用新的遗传标记，从而扩大了 DNA 检测方法的范围。现代技术的发展使得从生物痕迹中提取新型法证信息成为可能，例如，利用分子方法寻找调查人员以前不知道的个人。人们提出了新的方法来确定法医样本的捐献者与所犯罪行之间的关系。人类基因组解码的现代进展以及全基因组分析和测序技术的可用性，为新的法医 DNA 工具铺平了道路，这些工具能够在不久的将来提高法医学的质量。
{"title":"The present and future of forensic genetics","authors":"T. A. Fominykh, V. Ulanov, A. Zakharova, V. V. Kiselev","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-42-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-42-46","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we discuss the current state and future directions in the field of forensic genetics. The DNA analysis of biological traces found at a crime scene, which was first used in a criminal investigation in 1987, did revolutionize forensic science. Over the past three decades, significant advances have been made in the recognition capacity, speed, and sensitivity of DNA profiling methods, as well as in their capability of typing increasingly complex patterns. Creation of DNA databases of criminals and crime scenes, as well as population allele frequencies, allows suspects to be identified from crime scene samples and DNA evidence to be statistically processed to verify its reliability. At present, it has become possible to identify even single cells left at a crime scene and to successfully analyze ancient human remains. Forensic DNA profiling can be used to identify not only individuals known to the investigating authorities. Experts are increasingly applying new genetic markers that can expand the scope of DNA profiling methods. Modern developments enable extraction of new types of forensically significant information from biological traces, e.g., using molecular approaches to searching for individuals previously unknown to investigators. New methods have been proposed to identify the relationship between the donors of forensic samples and the crimes committed. Modern advances in the decoding of the human genome, as well as the availability of genome-wide analysis and sequencing techniques, pave the way for new forensic DNA tools capable of enhancing the quality of forensic science in the near future.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139878081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-52-56
D. S. Osmolovsky, S. V. Osmolovsky, A. V. Ovchinnikov, O. V. Perelomova
Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of a combined rehabilitation program for infants with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in the form of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Materials and methods. In total, 173 six-month-old children who underwent hypoxia were included in the observational study. The rehabilitation program included medical massage and hydrokinesotherapy; myostimulation of the muscles of the back and limbs; dry immersion method; treatments on a Grosso simulator; ergotherapy; therapy with an elastic pseudo-boiling layer; speech therapy massage. The Griffith mental development scale was used to assess the psychomotor development of infants.Results. Following a course of combined rehabilitation, a positive dynamic in improving functional disorders in children of the first year of life who underwent perinatal HIE was revealed. This effect was associated with improvements in motor and sensory functions, indicators of speech development and understanding speech, emotions and communication, thinking and play activity. A reduction in the backlog of psychomotor development by 1–2 checkup periods and a reduction in the risk of obtaining the status of a disabled child by 12 months was established.Conclusion. Combined programs of long-term rehabilitation for infants with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system were confirmed to be effective due to the pos itive dynamics of functional activity indicators, acceleration of the formation of life support skills, and a threefold reduction in the level of disability.
{"title":"Efficacy of combined rehabilitation programs for infants with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","authors":"D. S. Osmolovsky, S. V. Osmolovsky, A. V. Ovchinnikov, O. V. Perelomova","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-52-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-52-56","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of a combined rehabilitation program for infants with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in the form of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Materials and methods. In total, 173 six-month-old children who underwent hypoxia were included in the observational study. The rehabilitation program included medical massage and hydrokinesotherapy; myostimulation of the muscles of the back and limbs; dry immersion method; treatments on a Grosso simulator; ergotherapy; therapy with an elastic pseudo-boiling layer; speech therapy massage. The Griffith mental development scale was used to assess the psychomotor development of infants.Results. Following a course of combined rehabilitation, a positive dynamic in improving functional disorders in children of the first year of life who underwent perinatal HIE was revealed. This effect was associated with improvements in motor and sensory functions, indicators of speech development and understanding speech, emotions and communication, thinking and play activity. A reduction in the backlog of psychomotor development by 1–2 checkup periods and a reduction in the risk of obtaining the status of a disabled child by 12 months was established.Conclusion. Combined programs of long-term rehabilitation for infants with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system were confirmed to be effective due to the pos itive dynamics of functional activity indicators, acceleration of the formation of life support skills, and a threefold reduction in the level of disability.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139889343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-37-41
A. F. Belyaev, O. Fotina, T. S. Kharkovskaya, N. M. Kondrashova
Aim. To study the indicators of external respiration function in older patients after coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) with the purpose of creating personalized rehabilitation programs.Materials and methods. A study of respiratory function after coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) was conducted in 109 patients with the average age of 63.7 ± 2.2 (51.3% men and 48.7% women) and the lung damage of more than 25%.Results. The patients after coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) show a decrease in respiratory function indicators, such as VC, FVC, FEV1, and SPO2, as well as an increased Tiffeneau –Pinelli index.Conclusion. Timely detection of respiratory disorders in patients after COVID-19 pneumonia allows timely diagnosis of respiratory failures and selection of adequate rehabilitation measures.
{"title":"Assessment of the respiratory function of patients after COVID-19 pneumonia for medical rehabilitation","authors":"A. F. Belyaev, O. Fotina, T. S. Kharkovskaya, N. M. Kondrashova","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-37-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-37-41","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the indicators of external respiration function in older patients after coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) with the purpose of creating personalized rehabilitation programs.Materials and methods. A study of respiratory function after coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) was conducted in 109 patients with the average age of 63.7 ± 2.2 (51.3% men and 48.7% women) and the lung damage of more than 25%.Results. The patients after coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) show a decrease in respiratory function indicators, such as VC, FVC, FEV1, and SPO2, as well as an increased Tiffeneau –Pinelli index.Conclusion. Timely detection of respiratory disorders in patients after COVID-19 pneumonia allows timely diagnosis of respiratory failures and selection of adequate rehabilitation measures.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139876900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-16-20
M. Antonyuk, T. Gvozdenko, S. V. Lebedev, B. Chelnokova
Aim. To assess the prospects for the use of mineral waters and therapeutic muds (peloids) of the Sakhalin region for treatment and prophylactic purposes on the basis of their balneological properties.Materials and methods. The results of balneological analyses of mineral waters and therapeutic muds of the island areas of the Sakhalin region and regulatory documents were used.Results. The mineral waters and therapeutic muds of the Sakhalin region as its major therapeutic resources are characterized. The main groups of mineral waters for internal and external use include siliceous thermal, iodobromic, arsenic, and boric waters. It is noted that unique deposits of Sakhalin-type mineral waters, such as acidic waters with a high content of metals, petroleum products, and organic substances, require additional research. The Sakhalin region is rich in all available types of therapeutic muds– silt sulfide, mound, peat, and sapropel.Conclusion. The Sakhalin region possesses a wide variety of balneological resources for health resort treatment and rehabilitation. Among them are the deposits of mineral waters and therapeutic muds that are promising for research and use in medical and wellness organizations.
{"title":"Сurrent state and prospects of the Sakhalin balneological potential in rehabilitation and health resort treatment","authors":"M. Antonyuk, T. Gvozdenko, S. V. Lebedev, B. Chelnokova","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-16-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-16-20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess the prospects for the use of mineral waters and therapeutic muds (peloids) of the Sakhalin region for treatment and prophylactic purposes on the basis of their balneological properties.Materials and methods. The results of balneological analyses of mineral waters and therapeutic muds of the island areas of the Sakhalin region and regulatory documents were used.Results. The mineral waters and therapeutic muds of the Sakhalin region as its major therapeutic resources are characterized. The main groups of mineral waters for internal and external use include siliceous thermal, iodobromic, arsenic, and boric waters. It is noted that unique deposits of Sakhalin-type mineral waters, such as acidic waters with a high content of metals, petroleum products, and organic substances, require additional research. The Sakhalin region is rich in all available types of therapeutic muds– silt sulfide, mound, peat, and sapropel.Conclusion. The Sakhalin region possesses a wide variety of balneological resources for health resort treatment and rehabilitation. Among them are the deposits of mineral waters and therapeutic muds that are promising for research and use in medical and wellness organizations.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"62 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139883085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-5-10
V. B. Shumatov, T. A. Gvozdenko, E. Shestopalov
In this article, we generalize the results a research study into natural healing resources in the Far East. The regions of the Russian Far East possess a significant and unique natural potential for comprehensive medical rehabilitation. The main therapeutic resources of the area, including its climate, mineral waters, and therapeutic muds, are characterized. Issues associated with the task of integrated use of natural and physical resources in effective spa treatment and comprehensive rehabilitation are discussed. The major action mechanisms of natural therapeutic factors widely used in spa treatment are outlined, and the possibilities of their integration with the system of medical rehabilitation are substantiated.
{"title":"Prospects for integrating the Far East recreational potential into the medical rehabilitation system","authors":"V. B. Shumatov, T. A. Gvozdenko, E. Shestopalov","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-5-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-5-10","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we generalize the results a research study into natural healing resources in the Far East. The regions of the Russian Far East possess a significant and unique natural potential for comprehensive medical rehabilitation. The main therapeutic resources of the area, including its climate, mineral waters, and therapeutic muds, are characterized. Issues associated with the task of integrated use of natural and physical resources in effective spa treatment and comprehensive rehabilitation are discussed. The major action mechanisms of natural therapeutic factors widely used in spa treatment are outlined, and the possibilities of their integration with the system of medical rehabilitation are substantiated.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139816654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-42-46
T. A. Fominykh, V. Ulanov, A. Zakharova, V. V. Kiselev
In this article, we discuss the current state and future directions in the field of forensic genetics. The DNA analysis of biological traces found at a crime scene, which was first used in a criminal investigation in 1987, did revolutionize forensic science. Over the past three decades, significant advances have been made in the recognition capacity, speed, and sensitivity of DNA profiling methods, as well as in their capability of typing increasingly complex patterns. Creation of DNA databases of criminals and crime scenes, as well as population allele frequencies, allows suspects to be identified from crime scene samples and DNA evidence to be statistically processed to verify its reliability. At present, it has become possible to identify even single cells left at a crime scene and to successfully analyze ancient human remains. Forensic DNA profiling can be used to identify not only individuals known to the investigating authorities. Experts are increasingly applying new genetic markers that can expand the scope of DNA profiling methods. Modern developments enable extraction of new types of forensically significant information from biological traces, e.g., using molecular approaches to searching for individuals previously unknown to investigators. New methods have been proposed to identify the relationship between the donors of forensic samples and the crimes committed. Modern advances in the decoding of the human genome, as well as the availability of genome-wide analysis and sequencing techniques, pave the way for new forensic DNA tools capable of enhancing the quality of forensic science in the near future.
在本文中，我们将讨论法医遗传学领域的现状和未来发展方向。对犯罪现场发现的生物痕迹进行 DNA 分析于 1987 年首次用于刑事调查，这确实是法医学的一场革命。在过去的三十年里，DNA 检测方法在识别能力、速度和灵敏度方面都取得了显著的进步，其分型能力也越来越复杂。犯罪分子和犯罪现场 DNA 数据库的建立，以及人口等位基因频率的提高，使得从犯罪现场样本中识别嫌疑犯成为可能，DNA 证据也可以通过统计处理来验证其可靠性。目前，即使是犯罪现场遗留的单细胞，也有可能被识别出来，并能成功分析古代人类遗骸。法医 DNA 鉴定不仅可用于识别调查当局已知的个人。专家们越来越多地应用新的遗传标记，从而扩大了 DNA 检测方法的范围。现代技术的发展使得从生物痕迹中提取新型法证信息成为可能，例如，利用分子方法寻找调查人员以前不知道的个人。人们提出了新的方法来确定法医样本的捐献者与所犯罪行之间的关系。人类基因组解码的现代进展以及全基因组分析和测序技术的可用性，为新的法医 DNA 工具铺平了道路，这些工具能够在不久的将来提高法医学的质量。
{"title":"The present and future of forensic genetics","authors":"T. A. Fominykh, V. Ulanov, A. Zakharova, V. V. Kiselev","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-42-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-42-46","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we discuss the current state and future directions in the field of forensic genetics. The DNA analysis of biological traces found at a crime scene, which was first used in a criminal investigation in 1987, did revolutionize forensic science. Over the past three decades, significant advances have been made in the recognition capacity, speed, and sensitivity of DNA profiling methods, as well as in their capability of typing increasingly complex patterns. Creation of DNA databases of criminals and crime scenes, as well as population allele frequencies, allows suspects to be identified from crime scene samples and DNA evidence to be statistically processed to verify its reliability. At present, it has become possible to identify even single cells left at a crime scene and to successfully analyze ancient human remains. Forensic DNA profiling can be used to identify not only individuals known to the investigating authorities. Experts are increasingly applying new genetic markers that can expand the scope of DNA profiling methods. Modern developments enable extraction of new types of forensically significant information from biological traces, e.g., using molecular approaches to searching for individuals previously unknown to investigators. New methods have been proposed to identify the relationship between the donors of forensic samples and the crimes committed. Modern advances in the decoding of the human genome, as well as the availability of genome-wide analysis and sequencing techniques, pave the way for new forensic DNA tools capable of enhancing the quality of forensic science in the near future.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139818008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-26-31
V. A. Nevzorova, E. A. Stolarova, L. G. Priseko, A. A. Achmetova
Aim. To assess the content of CO and COHb in exhaled air and the level of blood pressure (BP) in the working-age population of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk when using various means of nicotine delivery.Materials and methods. The study participants (n = 503) were surveyed using a questionnaire. The BP and oxygen saturation parameters were assessed. The content of CO and COHb content in exhaled air was measured using a smokerlyzer. Statistical processing was performed using nonparametric methods.Results. The study group was dominated by males (58.3%). A high incidence of smoking was observed among females, with up to 42% in the general group and 48.8% in the group of consumers of alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS). A correlation between the content of CO and COHb and the smoking experience of more than 10 years was established, regardless of the means of nicotine delivery. Arterial hypertension was registered among 39.8% of the surveyed participants, with a higher frequency in cigarette smokers (28.8%, p = 0.02). This was associated with a greater proportion of individuals (62%) with a long smoking experience of more than 10 years (p = 0.003). A weak direct correlation was established between an increase in blood pressure and the content of CO and COHb (p < 0.001).Conclusion. The share of females as active consumers of tobacco products has grown, particularly in the form of ANDS. Among smokers, the average high level of CO and COHb prevails, which correlates with the smoking experience of more than 10 years and does not depend on the means of nicotine delivery. A direct relationship between the intensity of smoking and the risk of hypertension was established.
{"title":"Carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin contents in exhaled air and blood pressure levels with diff erent nicotine delivery pathways","authors":"V. A. Nevzorova, E. A. Stolarova, L. G. Priseko, A. A. Achmetova","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-26-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-26-31","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess the content of CO and COHb in exhaled air and the level of blood pressure (BP) in the working-age population of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk when using various means of nicotine delivery.Materials and methods. The study participants (n = 503) were surveyed using a questionnaire. The BP and oxygen saturation parameters were assessed. The content of CO and COHb content in exhaled air was measured using a smokerlyzer. Statistical processing was performed using nonparametric methods.Results. The study group was dominated by males (58.3%). A high incidence of smoking was observed among females, with up to 42% in the general group and 48.8% in the group of consumers of alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS). A correlation between the content of CO and COHb and the smoking experience of more than 10 years was established, regardless of the means of nicotine delivery. Arterial hypertension was registered among 39.8% of the surveyed participants, with a higher frequency in cigarette smokers (28.8%, p = 0.02). This was associated with a greater proportion of individuals (62%) with a long smoking experience of more than 10 years (p = 0.003). A weak direct correlation was established between an increase in blood pressure and the content of CO and COHb (p < 0.001).Conclusion. The share of females as active consumers of tobacco products has grown, particularly in the form of ANDS. Among smokers, the average high level of CO and COHb prevails, which correlates with the smoking experience of more than 10 years and does not depend on the means of nicotine delivery. A direct relationship between the intensity of smoking and the risk of hypertension was established.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139871926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-5-10
V. B. Shumatov, T. A. Gvozdenko, E. Shestopalov
In this article, we generalize the results a research study into natural healing resources in the Far East. The regions of the Russian Far East possess a significant and unique natural potential for comprehensive medical rehabilitation. The main therapeutic resources of the area, including its climate, mineral waters, and therapeutic muds, are characterized. Issues associated with the task of integrated use of natural and physical resources in effective spa treatment and comprehensive rehabilitation are discussed. The major action mechanisms of natural therapeutic factors widely used in spa treatment are outlined, and the possibilities of their integration with the system of medical rehabilitation are substantiated.
{"title":"Prospects for integrating the Far East recreational potential into the medical rehabilitation system","authors":"V. B. Shumatov, T. A. Gvozdenko, E. Shestopalov","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-5-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-4-5-10","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we generalize the results a research study into natural healing resources in the Far East. The regions of the Russian Far East possess a significant and unique natural potential for comprehensive medical rehabilitation. The main therapeutic resources of the area, including its climate, mineral waters, and therapeutic muds, are characterized. Issues associated with the task of integrated use of natural and physical resources in effective spa treatment and comprehensive rehabilitation are discussed. The major action mechanisms of natural therapeutic factors widely used in spa treatment are outlined, and the possibilities of their integration with the system of medical rehabilitation are substantiated.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139876463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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