Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-50-54
Y. Skurikhina, E. Papynov, E. Zaitseva, O. Shichalin
Aim. To assess the intensity and characteristics of bacterial biofilms formed by non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii on ceramic biocomposite samples based on wollastonite and zirconia, including those modified with the bioactive phase of hydroxyapatite (HA).Materials and methods. Biofilms formed on bioceramic samples, prepared according to the author’s original method, were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studied samples included non-composite ceramics based on wollastonite (CaSiO3); composite ceramics based on wollastonite with HA (CaSiO3-HA); non-composite ceramics based on zirconium dioxide ZrO2; ceramics based on zirconia with HA 15 wt% (ZrO2-(15 wt % HA); ceramics based on zirconia with (ZrO2-(50 wt% HA). Biofilms were obtained by placing the samples in a nutrient medium with P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Cultivation was carried out at 37 °С for 24 and 48 h, respectively. The dynamics of bacterial growth of the surface of the studied samples was assessed by analyzing SEM images using an LBP classifier.Results. A noticeable difference was observed in the activity and structure of bacterial biofilm formation on all studied samples. The intensity of biofilm formation (surface coverage of ZrO2-based samples) determined using an LBP-based classifier was as follows: ZrO2 ceramics without HA – 28.13%; ZrO2 + 15 wt% HA – 28.33%; and ZrO2 + 50 wt% HA – 88.46%. All samples with HA addition demonstrated higher susceptibility to biofilm formation.Conclusion. The presence of HA in the composition of bioceramics increases the intensity of biofilm formation. This also indicates a higher biocompatibility of such materials. When selecting bioceramic materials for bone defect repair, preference should be given to materials containing no more than 15 wt% HA in the view of reducing the risk of infection.
{"title":"Bacterial biofilm formation on ceramics of various composition used for orthopedic endoprosthetics","authors":"Y. Skurikhina, E. Papynov, E. Zaitseva, O. Shichalin","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-50-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-50-54","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess the intensity and characteristics of bacterial biofilms formed by non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii on ceramic biocomposite samples based on wollastonite and zirconia, including those modified with the bioactive phase of hydroxyapatite (HA).Materials and methods. Biofilms formed on bioceramic samples, prepared according to the author’s original method, were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studied samples included non-composite ceramics based on wollastonite (CaSiO3); composite ceramics based on wollastonite with HA (CaSiO3-HA); non-composite ceramics based on zirconium dioxide ZrO2; ceramics based on zirconia with HA 15 wt% (ZrO2-(15 wt % HA); ceramics based on zirconia with (ZrO2-(50 wt% HA). Biofilms were obtained by placing the samples in a nutrient medium with P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Cultivation was carried out at 37 °С for 24 and 48 h, respectively. The dynamics of bacterial growth of the surface of the studied samples was assessed by analyzing SEM images using an LBP classifier.Results. A noticeable difference was observed in the activity and structure of bacterial biofilm formation on all studied samples. The intensity of biofilm formation (surface coverage of ZrO2-based samples) determined using an LBP-based classifier was as follows: ZrO2 ceramics without HA – 28.13%; ZrO2 + 15 wt% HA – 28.33%; and ZrO2 + 50 wt% HA – 88.46%. All samples with HA addition demonstrated higher susceptibility to biofilm formation.Conclusion. The presence of HA in the composition of bioceramics increases the intensity of biofilm formation. This also indicates a higher biocompatibility of such materials. When selecting bioceramic materials for bone defect repair, preference should be given to materials containing no more than 15 wt% HA in the view of reducing the risk of infection.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87333198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-19-26
I. P. Koltsov, N. Strelnikova, E. V. Vitko, L. G. Vitko, O. E. Savlyuk
Literature review involves a problem analysis of current scientific publications on yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida of the family Saccharomycetaceae. In 90% of cases, the etiological factor of chronic, recurrent infectious and inflammatory processes is represented by residents of oral, intestinal, urogenital and skin microbiome, opportunistic Candida albicans fungi. The paper considers the relevant medical and social problem of endogenous opportunistic infections on the example of candidiasis (candidamycosis). The review presents a conceptual analysis of changes in the microbiological properties of clinically significant candida species with ubiquitous distribution: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida dubliniensis, Candida auris. The authors provide a current perspective on the risk of superficial and invasive candidomycosis as an opportunistic, non-cyclic infection. Signs of the same type of pathological process develop with the participation of different species of opportunistic fungi in monoculture and associations against the background of immunodeficiency.
{"title":"Microbiological properties of opportunistic saccharomycetes of the genus Candida in chronic, recurrent infectious inflammatory processes (literature review)","authors":"I. P. Koltsov, N. Strelnikova, E. V. Vitko, L. G. Vitko, O. E. Savlyuk","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-19-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-19-26","url":null,"abstract":"Literature review involves a problem analysis of current scientific publications on yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida of the family Saccharomycetaceae. In 90% of cases, the etiological factor of chronic, recurrent infectious and inflammatory processes is represented by residents of oral, intestinal, urogenital and skin microbiome, opportunistic Candida albicans fungi. The paper considers the relevant medical and social problem of endogenous opportunistic infections on the example of candidiasis (candidamycosis). The review presents a conceptual analysis of changes in the microbiological properties of clinically significant candida species with ubiquitous distribution: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida dubliniensis, Candida auris. The authors provide a current perspective on the risk of superficial and invasive candidomycosis as an opportunistic, non-cyclic infection. Signs of the same type of pathological process develop with the participation of different species of opportunistic fungi in monoculture and associations against the background of immunodeficiency.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83936931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-11-18
R. Bogdanov, A. F. Nurimanshin, A. A. Husaenova, A. R. Khasanov
The introduction of modern robot-assisted and laparoscopic methods of surgical interventions have extended the range of surgical indications, at the same time as raising a number of specific problems related to the technical features of minimally invasive treatment. This fact makes us consider the effect of surgical aggression on the patient from a new perspective. In particular, the influence of pneumoperitoneum and the patient’s position on venous return, regional blood flow changes, and concomitant shifts of some homeokinetic systems require elucidation. This article reviews the available literature to describe the main features of anesthesia during robot-assisted surgical interventions. Recommendations from systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used. The search depth comprised the period of 12 years (2011–2022). Such factors as antiphysiological position on the operating table, tense carboxyperitoneum, and carboxythorax affect almost all organs and many regulatory mechanisms, thus having a pathological effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, kidney, liver, intestines, blood coagulation system, immune system, and thermoregulation mechanisms. These effects are particularly pronounced in patients with concomitant diseases. In addition to knowledge in the field of pathophysiology, surgeons should be capable of predicting the course of events to take actions aimed at preventing the development of complications. Robot-assisted surgical interventions, although being less traumatic, are characterized by specific features that should be taken into account when preparing a patient to undergo surgery, selecting an optimal method of surgical intervention, and managing the patient in the intra- and postoperative period with rehabilitation.
{"title":"Anesthetic aspects of robot-assisted surgery (a review)","authors":"R. Bogdanov, A. F. Nurimanshin, A. A. Husaenova, A. R. Khasanov","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-11-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-11-18","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of modern robot-assisted and laparoscopic methods of surgical interventions have extended the range of surgical indications, at the same time as raising a number of specific problems related to the technical features of minimally invasive treatment. This fact makes us consider the effect of surgical aggression on the patient from a new perspective. In particular, the influence of pneumoperitoneum and the patient’s position on venous return, regional blood flow changes, and concomitant shifts of some homeokinetic systems require elucidation. This article reviews the available literature to describe the main features of anesthesia during robot-assisted surgical interventions. Recommendations from systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used. The search depth comprised the period of 12 years (2011–2022). Such factors as antiphysiological position on the operating table, tense carboxyperitoneum, and carboxythorax affect almost all organs and many regulatory mechanisms, thus having a pathological effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, kidney, liver, intestines, blood coagulation system, immune system, and thermoregulation mechanisms. These effects are particularly pronounced in patients with concomitant diseases. In addition to knowledge in the field of pathophysiology, surgeons should be capable of predicting the course of events to take actions aimed at preventing the development of complications. Robot-assisted surgical interventions, although being less traumatic, are characterized by specific features that should be taken into account when preparing a patient to undergo surgery, selecting an optimal method of surgical intervention, and managing the patient in the intra- and postoperative period with rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79018008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-55-58
L. Boronina, E. V. Samatova, S. S. Ustyugova, S. Panova, O. Kutsevalova
Aim. To evaluate the feasibility of an accelerated method for determining the etiology of infections in urine, dialysate and residual antimicrobial activity by using laser light scattering technology.Materials and methods. From January to September 2019, 106 urine samples and 42 dialysate samples from children aged 1–16 with various urinary pathologies and those on peritoneal dialysis underwent culture-based examination on an ALIFAX HB&L LIGHT analyzer (Alifax, Italy) using laser light scattering technology.Results. Three hours after inoculation, 81 samples (76.4%) appeared to be negative and 25 samples (23.6%) proved to be positive. No microorganisms were detected in 38 dialysate samples (90.5%), two samples had Staphylococcus aureus (104 CFU/ml), and one dialysate sample had Corynebacterium sp. and associations of Escherichia coli + Candida albicans + Staphylococcus haemolyticus, associated with peritoneal catheter colonization. Bacteriuria was caused by Enterobacterales in 39.3% (E. coli, Morganella morganii, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Enterobacter cloacae), non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria – in 14.3% (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ralstonia picketii, Oligella sp., Acinetobacter baumannii), Enterococcus sp. – 21.4%, S. haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis – 10.7%, Candida albicans – 3.6%, contamination: Streptococcus viridians, Corynebacterium sp. – 7.1%. Residual antimicrobial activity in urine was detected in 30.1% of patients.Conclusion. The laser light scattering technology enables a minimal concentration of microorganisms to be detected in a smaller amount of urine or dialysate, which is very important for accelerated diagnosis of urinary tract infections and complications of peritoneal dialysis in children.
{"title":"Accelerated bacteriological examination of urine and dialysate in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in children","authors":"L. Boronina, E. V. Samatova, S. S. Ustyugova, S. Panova, O. Kutsevalova","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-55-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-55-58","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate the feasibility of an accelerated method for determining the etiology of infections in urine, dialysate and residual antimicrobial activity by using laser light scattering technology.Materials and methods. From January to September 2019, 106 urine samples and 42 dialysate samples from children aged 1–16 with various urinary pathologies and those on peritoneal dialysis underwent culture-based examination on an ALIFAX HB&L LIGHT analyzer (Alifax, Italy) using laser light scattering technology.Results. Three hours after inoculation, 81 samples (76.4%) appeared to be negative and 25 samples (23.6%) proved to be positive. No microorganisms were detected in 38 dialysate samples (90.5%), two samples had Staphylococcus aureus (104 CFU/ml), and one dialysate sample had Corynebacterium sp. and associations of Escherichia coli + Candida albicans + Staphylococcus haemolyticus, associated with peritoneal catheter colonization. Bacteriuria was caused by Enterobacterales in 39.3% (E. coli, Morganella morganii, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Enterobacter cloacae), non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria – in 14.3% (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ralstonia picketii, Oligella sp., Acinetobacter baumannii), Enterococcus sp. – 21.4%, S. haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis – 10.7%, Candida albicans – 3.6%, contamination: Streptococcus viridians, Corynebacterium sp. – 7.1%. Residual antimicrobial activity in urine was detected in 30.1% of patients.Conclusion. The laser light scattering technology enables a minimal concentration of microorganisms to be detected in a smaller amount of urine or dialysate, which is very important for accelerated diagnosis of urinary tract infections and complications of peritoneal dialysis in children.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79365414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-38-43
P. Domnin, A. E. Zakharchenko, D. T. Rejepov, S. Ermolaeva
Objective. To evaluate the potential of magnetic levitation systems when studying the autoaggregation of gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria and elucidating mechanisms controlling autoaggregation.Materials and methods. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes were used. The number of alive bacteria was determined using a Live/Dead® dye. E. coli curli were stained with Congo red.Results. All four tested bacterial species formed autoaggregates that levitated within the liquid volume for up to 72 hours (observation time). After 72 hours, the number of alive bacteria in the autoaggregates ranged from 82% (E. coli) to 99% (L. monocytogenes). The formation of E. coli autoaggregates was shown to depend on the production of curli, which represent surface structures playing an important role in biofilm formation.Conclusion. The proposed system of magnetic levitation can be used to study molecular mechanisms of bacterial autoaggregation and flocculation.
{"title":"A magnetic levitation-based system to study the mechanisms of bacterial flocculation and autoaggregation","authors":"P. Domnin, A. E. Zakharchenko, D. T. Rejepov, S. Ermolaeva","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-38-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-38-43","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To evaluate the potential of magnetic levitation systems when studying the autoaggregation of gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria and elucidating mechanisms controlling autoaggregation.Materials and methods. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes were used. The number of alive bacteria was determined using a Live/Dead® dye. E. coli curli were stained with Congo red.Results. All four tested bacterial species formed autoaggregates that levitated within the liquid volume for up to 72 hours (observation time). After 72 hours, the number of alive bacteria in the autoaggregates ranged from 82% (E. coli) to 99% (L. monocytogenes). The formation of E. coli autoaggregates was shown to depend on the production of curli, which represent surface structures playing an important role in biofilm formation.Conclusion. The proposed system of magnetic levitation can be used to study molecular mechanisms of bacterial autoaggregation and flocculation.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90319623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-27-34
M. Zozulya, A. Lenkin
This review article is devoted to ultrasound monitoring of intravascular volume status and organ perfusion in critically ill patients. In particular, approaches to determination of fluid responsiveness using Doppler-estimated blood flow in peripheral arteries are discussed. The reliability and accuracy of these parameters are substantiated by their comparison with the parameters obtained by prepulmonary and transpulmonary thermodilution methods. The technicalities of ultrasound examination of the abovementioned parameters are considered.
{"title":"Evaluation of organ perfusion and intravascular volume status by ultrasound","authors":"M. Zozulya, A. Lenkin","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-27-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-27-34","url":null,"abstract":"This review article is devoted to ultrasound monitoring of intravascular volume status and organ perfusion in critically ill patients. In particular, approaches to determination of fluid responsiveness using Doppler-estimated blood flow in peripheral arteries are discussed. The reliability and accuracy of these parameters are substantiated by their comparison with the parameters obtained by prepulmonary and transpulmonary thermodilution methods. The technicalities of ultrasound examination of the abovementioned parameters are considered.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74585564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-5-10
A. Popov, V. Besprozvannykh, G. Sukhanova, V. Ivanis, S. L. Kolpakov
The paper presents an analysis of parasitological situation with paragonimiasis in Primorsky Krai over the past 30 years. In the early 1990s regular medical checkups detected paragonimiasis in 1–6% of the inhabitants of the region. Since 1996, the situation in the south of the Russian Far East has changed dramatically. Within 1–2 years, the crayfish population decreased significantly in watercourses from southern Primorye up to the Amur basin. Therefore, the incidence of the disease in population of the region has decreased to zero level since 2000. From 2014 the number of crayfish in watercourses of Primorsky Krai started growing. In 2019 the first patient with larval paragonimiasis was reported. The paper reviews the experience of the Regional Clinical Hospital of Vladivostok in treatment of 368 patients with larval paragonimiasis for the period from 1967 to 1996. On average, the disease manifested itself in 1–4 weeks from the moment of infection. The diagnosis was confirmed in 97.9% of cases via serological method. The praziquantel treatment of patients with larval paragonimiasis resulted in a cure rate of 89%. The disease duration ranged from 1–2 to 10 or more years.
{"title":"Paragonimus westermani ichunensis: evolution of parasitological situation","authors":"A. Popov, V. Besprozvannykh, G. Sukhanova, V. Ivanis, S. L. Kolpakov","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-5-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-1-5-10","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis of parasitological situation with paragonimiasis in Primorsky Krai over the past 30 years. In the early 1990s regular medical checkups detected paragonimiasis in 1–6% of the inhabitants of the region. Since 1996, the situation in the south of the Russian Far East has changed dramatically. Within 1–2 years, the crayfish population decreased significantly in watercourses from southern Primorye up to the Amur basin. Therefore, the incidence of the disease in population of the region has decreased to zero level since 2000. From 2014 the number of crayfish in watercourses of Primorsky Krai started growing. In 2019 the first patient with larval paragonimiasis was reported. The paper reviews the experience of the Regional Clinical Hospital of Vladivostok in treatment of 368 patients with larval paragonimiasis for the period from 1967 to 1996. On average, the disease manifested itself in 1–4 weeks from the moment of infection. The diagnosis was confirmed in 97.9% of cases via serological method. The praziquantel treatment of patients with larval paragonimiasis resulted in a cure rate of 89%. The disease duration ranged from 1–2 to 10 or more years.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86624238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2022-4-108-111
N. G. Sadova, E. Krukovich, L. E. Matienko, I. D. Mostovaya
A review study of interactive educational technologies as part of the educational process and their role in the clinical training of future pediatricians was carried out. The research was focused on the use of interactive technologies (on the example of role play) in teaching pediatrics students to ensure the formation of their professional competencies. Role play is a situational or demonstration technique applied to develop practical and communicative skills. This technique can be used to transform knowledge into skills most effectively by simulating real experiences that may arise in professional practice. Such simulationbased learning allows trainees to experience some concept or idea by acting it out in front of peer students, or by watching others. Role play is useful for developing communicative and decision-making skills. The effectiveness of interactive teaching methods is determined by the joint activity of the teacher and the students. In this context, education is seen as the formation of new goals and personal attitudes, while personal development is seen as the formation of personal capacity for independent activity and self-management.
{"title":"Interactive technologies in the clinical training of future pediatricians","authors":"N. G. Sadova, E. Krukovich, L. E. Matienko, I. D. Mostovaya","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2022-4-108-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2022-4-108-111","url":null,"abstract":"A review study of interactive educational technologies as part of the educational process and their role in the clinical training of future pediatricians was carried out. The research was focused on the use of interactive technologies (on the example of role play) in teaching pediatrics students to ensure the formation of their professional competencies. Role play is a situational or demonstration technique applied to develop practical and communicative skills. This technique can be used to transform knowledge into skills most effectively by simulating real experiences that may arise in professional practice. Such simulationbased learning allows trainees to experience some concept or idea by acting it out in front of peer students, or by watching others. Role play is useful for developing communicative and decision-making skills. The effectiveness of interactive teaching methods is determined by the joint activity of the teacher and the students. In this context, education is seen as the formation of new goals and personal attitudes, while personal development is seen as the formation of personal capacity for independent activity and self-management.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80449908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2022-4-104-107
L. N. Motanova, P. E. Kalashnikov
Aim. To define the objectives of phthisiatric service with respect to organizing screening for tuberculosis infection (TB) and early diagnostics among adolescents in Primorsky Krai.Material and Methods. The data of epidemiological monitoring conducted by the Primorsky Regional TB Dispensary in 1994–2021 were analyzed. The TB incidence, clinical structure of newly-diagnosed cases, phases of the tuberculosis process, as well as the presence of bacterial excretion were assessed. At a level of 0.95, the statistical hypothesis of equal shares was tested under an alternative hypothesis.Results. The implementation of mass immunodiagnostics using the recombinant tuberculosis allergen (TBA) by medical organizations, which are joint into a unified medical network, improves screening efficiency of TB among adolescents. This is confirmed by a decreased TB incidence rate and improved clinical structure of newly-diagnosed cases. The prevalence of secondary TB forms in the clinical structure of newly-diagnosed cases in adolescents justifies the importance of annual fluorographic examination. Annual RTA testing and fluorographic examination of the chest in adolescents once every six months should be a priority anti-tuberculosis measure.Conclusions. TB in adolescents remains to be a serious phthisiological problem. An effective system of screening and early detection of TB in adolescents should include mass immunodiagnostics and, with an interval of six months, fluorographic examination of the chest.
{"title":"Tuberculosis screening and early diagnostics in adolescents in Primorsky Krai","authors":"L. N. Motanova, P. E. Kalashnikov","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2022-4-104-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2022-4-104-107","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To define the objectives of phthisiatric service with respect to organizing screening for tuberculosis infection (TB) and early diagnostics among adolescents in Primorsky Krai.Material and Methods. The data of epidemiological monitoring conducted by the Primorsky Regional TB Dispensary in 1994–2021 were analyzed. The TB incidence, clinical structure of newly-diagnosed cases, phases of the tuberculosis process, as well as the presence of bacterial excretion were assessed. At a level of 0.95, the statistical hypothesis of equal shares was tested under an alternative hypothesis.Results. The implementation of mass immunodiagnostics using the recombinant tuberculosis allergen (TBA) by medical organizations, which are joint into a unified medical network, improves screening efficiency of TB among adolescents. This is confirmed by a decreased TB incidence rate and improved clinical structure of newly-diagnosed cases. The prevalence of secondary TB forms in the clinical structure of newly-diagnosed cases in adolescents justifies the importance of annual fluorographic examination. Annual RTA testing and fluorographic examination of the chest in adolescents once every six months should be a priority anti-tuberculosis measure.Conclusions. TB in adolescents remains to be a serious phthisiological problem. An effective system of screening and early detection of TB in adolescents should include mass immunodiagnostics and, with an interval of six months, fluorographic examination of the chest.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80446706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.34215/1609-1175-2022-4-99-103
A. Marchenko, N. V. Samokhvalov, Т. G. Gasendych, S. Y. Vysotskaya, E. Stepanova
The efficiency of outreach diagnostics was assessed in 273 patients suffering from various forms glaucoma aged from 27 to 80 years. Following the developed algorithm, a set of instrumental and diagnostic tests was carried out to select 153 patients for surgical treatment and 64 patients for laser treatment. Necessary adjustments were made to the regimens of antihypertensive treatment for most patients, and recommendations were given. All glaucoma patients selected for surgical and laser treatment received timely and qualified assistance from specialists of the Khabarovsk branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, which allowed the course of the disease to be stabilized and visual functions to be preserved. As a result, outreach consultations for patients with various forms of glaucoma showed their high efficiency. More than 60% of the examined patients were referred for surgical and laser treatment, 20% of patients were offered a corrected hypotensive regimen. Along with examining patients, outreach consultations provide methodological assistance for local ophthalmologists concerning the development of professional competencies in managing such patients. Due to a lack of ophthalmological services in regional polyclinical departments, the organization of outreach consultations for glaucoma patients is justified in terms of reducing cases of glaucoma progression and loss of visual functions.
{"title":"Experience and efficiency of outreach diagnostics for glaucoma patients in Komsomolsk-on-Amur","authors":"A. Marchenko, N. V. Samokhvalov, Т. G. Gasendych, S. Y. Vysotskaya, E. Stepanova","doi":"10.34215/1609-1175-2022-4-99-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2022-4-99-103","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of outreach diagnostics was assessed in 273 patients suffering from various forms glaucoma aged from 27 to 80 years. Following the developed algorithm, a set of instrumental and diagnostic tests was carried out to select 153 patients for surgical treatment and 64 patients for laser treatment. Necessary adjustments were made to the regimens of antihypertensive treatment for most patients, and recommendations were given. All glaucoma patients selected for surgical and laser treatment received timely and qualified assistance from specialists of the Khabarovsk branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, which allowed the course of the disease to be stabilized and visual functions to be preserved. As a result, outreach consultations for patients with various forms of glaucoma showed their high efficiency. More than 60% of the examined patients were referred for surgical and laser treatment, 20% of patients were offered a corrected hypotensive regimen. Along with examining patients, outreach consultations provide methodological assistance for local ophthalmologists concerning the development of professional competencies in managing such patients. Due to a lack of ophthalmological services in regional polyclinical departments, the organization of outreach consultations for glaucoma patients is justified in terms of reducing cases of glaucoma progression and loss of visual functions.","PeriodicalId":19705,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Medical Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74672458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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