Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60995-4
Shi-jia GU , Han-lin CHEN , Jun-zhuo WANG , Xiao-fang LU , Lian-jun WANG , Wan JIANG
High-performance graphite materials have important roles in aerospace and nuclear reactor technologies because of their outstanding chemical stability and high-temperature performance. Their traditional production method relies on repeated impregnation-carbonization and graphitization, and is plagued by lengthy preparation cycles and high energy consumption. Phase transition-assisted self-pressurized self-sintering technology can rapidly produce high-strength graphite materials, but the fracture strain of the graphite materials produced is poor. To solve this problem, this study used a two-step sintering method to uniformly introduce micro-nano pores into natural graphite-based bulk graphite, achieving improved fracture strain of the samples without reducing their density and mechanical properties. Using natural graphite powder, micron-diamond, and nano-diamond as raw materials, and by precisely controlling the staged pressure release process, the degree of diamond phase transition expansion was effectively regulated. The strain-to-failure of the graphite samples reached 1.2%, a 35% increase compared to samples produced by fullpressure sintering. Meanwhile, their flexural strength exceeded 110 MPa, and their density was over 1.9 g/cm3. The process therefore produced both a high strength and a high fracture strain. The interface evolution and toughening mechanism during the two-step sintering process were investigated. It is believed that the micro-nano pores formed have two roles: as stress concentrators they induce yielding by shear and as multi-crack propagation paths they significantly lengthen the crack propagation path. The two-step sintering phase transition strategy introduces pores and provides a new approach for increasing the fracture strain of brittle materials.
{"title":"Improving the fracture strain of graphite materials by in-situ porosity introduction by two-step sintering","authors":"Shi-jia GU , Han-lin CHEN , Jun-zhuo WANG , Xiao-fang LU , Lian-jun WANG , Wan JIANG","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60995-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60995-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance graphite materials have important roles in aerospace and nuclear reactor technologies because of their outstanding chemical stability and high-temperature performance. Their traditional production method relies on repeated impregnation-carbonization and graphitization, and is plagued by lengthy preparation cycles and high energy consumption. Phase transition-assisted self-pressurized self-sintering technology can rapidly produce high-strength graphite materials, but the fracture strain of the graphite materials produced is poor. To solve this problem, this study used a two-step sintering method to uniformly introduce micro-nano pores into natural graphite-based bulk graphite, achieving improved fracture strain of the samples without reducing their density and mechanical properties. Using natural graphite powder, micron-diamond, and nano-diamond as raw materials, and by precisely controlling the staged pressure release process, the degree of diamond phase transition expansion was effectively regulated. The strain-to-failure of the graphite samples reached 1.2%, a 35% increase compared to samples produced by fullpressure sintering. Meanwhile, their flexural strength exceeded 110 MPa, and their density was over 1.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The process therefore produced both a high strength and a high fracture strain. The interface evolution and toughening mechanism during the two-step sintering process were investigated. It is believed that the micro-nano pores formed have two roles: as stress concentrators they induce yielding by shear and as multi-crack propagation paths they significantly lengthen the crack propagation path. The two-step sintering phase transition strategy introduces pores and provides a new approach for increasing the fracture strain of brittle materials.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (125KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 703-716"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60993-0
De-si CHEN , Heng-yu LI , Jia-jun DONG , Ming-guang YAO
Lonsdaleite, also known as hexagonal diamond, is an allotrope of carbon with a hexagonal crystal structure, which was discovered in the nanostructure of the Canyon Diablo meteorite. Theoretical calculations have shown that this structure gives it exceptional physical properties that exceed those of cubic diamond, making it highly promising for groundbreaking applications in superhard cutting tools, wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, and materials for extreme environments. As a result, the controllable synthesis of hexagonal diamond has emerged as a cutting-edge research focus in materials science. This review briefly outlines the progress in this area, with a focus on the mechanisms governing its key synthesis conditions, its intrinsic physical properties, and its potential applications in various fields.
{"title":"Synthesis of hexagonal diamond: A review","authors":"De-si CHEN , Heng-yu LI , Jia-jun DONG , Ming-guang YAO","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60993-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60993-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lonsdaleite, also known as hexagonal diamond, is an allotrope of carbon with a hexagonal crystal structure, which was discovered in the nanostructure of the Canyon Diablo meteorite. Theoretical calculations have shown that this structure gives it exceptional physical properties that exceed those of cubic diamond, making it highly promising for groundbreaking applications in superhard cutting tools, wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, and materials for extreme environments. As a result, the controllable synthesis of hexagonal diamond has emerged as a cutting-edge research focus in materials science. This review briefly outlines the progress in this area, with a focus on the mechanisms governing its key synthesis conditions, its intrinsic physical properties, and its potential applications in various fields.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (82KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 584-595"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60996-6
Yuning Han , Gong-rui Wang , Xuan-xuan Ren , Ming-zhe Yang , Zhong-tao Li , Zhong-shuai Wu
Lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxides (LRMOs) have the advantages of a high specific capacity, a high working voltage, and low cost, making them promising candidates for the cathode materials of next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, they still have problems such as low initial Coulombic efficiency, poor rate capability, and fast voltage decay, which prevent them from meeting the demanding requirements of lithium-ion batteries in high-end applications such as aerospace, medical equipment, and advanced electric vehicles. To gain a comprehensive understanding of LRMOs, this review discusses their crystal structure, major problems, and main ways of modification, and provides an outlook on their future. First, the crystal structure and energy storage mechanism of LRMOs are described in detail, and the key challenges they face are discussed, including densification of the crystal structure caused by irreversible reactions in the bulk and surface, and their loss of electrochemical performance (voltage decay, reduced initial coulombic efficiency, and poor rate capability). Strategies for modifying LRMOs are summarized and explored, including increasing the lithium-ion diffusion rate and improving crystal structure stability by elemental doping. The suppression of harmful side reactions between them and the electrolyte by surface coating during cycling (including phosphate coating, carbon coating, metal oxide coating, and conductive polymer coating) to improve structural stability is discussed, as are means of improving their interfacial stability with solid/liquid electrolytes by modifying the electrolyte, in order to boost their cycling performance. Their electrochemical performance can also be improved by binder optimization. The review concludes by considering their future prospects, and provides detailed guidance for the rational design and scalable production of next-generation LRMO cathode materials for highenergy-density lithium-ion batteries.
{"title":"High specific-energy lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxide cathodes: key challenges, modification strategies and future prospects","authors":"Yuning Han , Gong-rui Wang , Xuan-xuan Ren , Ming-zhe Yang , Zhong-tao Li , Zhong-shuai Wu","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60996-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60996-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxides (LRMOs) have the advantages of a high specific capacity, a high working voltage, and low cost, making them promising candidates for the cathode materials of next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, they still have problems such as low initial Coulombic efficiency, poor rate capability, and fast voltage decay, which prevent them from meeting the demanding requirements of lithium-ion batteries in high-end applications such as aerospace, medical equipment, and advanced electric vehicles. To gain a comprehensive understanding of LRMOs, this review discusses their crystal structure, major problems, and main ways of modification, and provides an outlook on their future. First, the crystal structure and energy storage mechanism of LRMOs are described in detail, and the key challenges they face are discussed, including densification of the crystal structure caused by irreversible reactions in the bulk and surface, and their loss of electrochemical performance (voltage decay, reduced initial coulombic efficiency, and poor rate capability). Strategies for modifying LRMOs are summarized and explored, including increasing the lithium-ion diffusion rate and improving crystal structure stability by elemental doping. The suppression of harmful side reactions between them and the electrolyte by surface coating during cycling (including phosphate coating, carbon coating, metal oxide coating, and conductive polymer coating) to improve structural stability is discussed, as are means of improving their interfacial stability with solid/liquid electrolytes by modifying the electrolyte, in order to boost their cycling performance. Their electrochemical performance can also be improved by binder optimization. The review concludes by considering their future prospects, and provides detailed guidance for the rational design and scalable production of next-generation LRMO cathode materials for highenergy-density lithium-ion batteries.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (74KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 597-620"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60979-6
Qin ZHONG , Ying MO , Wang ZHOU , Biao ZHENG , Jian-fang WU , Guo-ku LIU , Zieauddin Kufian Mohd , Osman Zurina , Xiong-wen XU , Peng GAO , Le-zhi YANG , Ji-lei LIU
Changes to the microstructure of a hard carbon (HC) and its solid electrolyte interface (SEI) can be effective in improving the electrode kinetics. However, achieving fast charging using a simple and inexpensive strategy without sacrificing its initial Coulombic efficiency remains a challenge in sodium ion batteries. A simple liquid-phase coating approach has been used to generate a pitch-derived soft carbon layer on the HC surface, and its effect on the porosity of HC and SEI chemistry has been studied. A variety of structural characterizations show a soft carbon coating can increase the defect and ultra-micropore contents. The increase in ultra-micropore comes from both the soft carbon coatings and the larger pores within the HC that are partially filled by pitch, which provides more Na+ storage sites. In-situ FTIR/EIS and ex-situ XPS showed that the soft carbon coating induced the formation of thinner SEI that is richer in NaF from the electrolyte, which stabilized the interface and promoted the charge transfer process. As a result, the anode produced fastcharging (329.8 mAh g–1 at 30 mA g–1 and 198.6 mAh g–1 at 300 mA g–1) and had a better cycling performance (a high capacity retention of 81.4% after 100 cycles at 150 mA g–1). This work reveals the critical role of coating layer in changing the pore structure, SEI chemistry and diffusion kinetics of hard carbon, which enables rational design of sodium-ion battery anode with enhanced fast charging capability.
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改变硬碳（HC）及其固体电解质界面（SEI）的微观结构可以有效地改善电极动力学。然而，在不牺牲初始库仑效率的情况下，用一种简单而廉价的策略实现快速充电，仍然是钠离子电池面临的挑战。采用简单的液相镀膜方法在HC表面制备了沥青衍生的软碳层，并研究了其对HC和SEI化学孔隙率的影响。多种结构表征表明，软碳涂层可以增加缺陷和超微孔的含量。超微孔的增加来自于软碳涂层和HC内部较大的孔，这些孔部分被沥青填充，从而提供了更多的Na+存储位点。原位FTIR/EIS和非原位XPS表明，软碳涂层诱导电解质形成了更薄、更富NaF的SEI，稳定了界面，促进了电荷转移过程。结果，阳极产生了快速充电（30ma g-1时329.8 mAh g-1, 300ma g-1时198.6 mAh g-1），并且具有更好的循环性能（150 mA g-1下100次循环后的高容量保持率为81.4%）。本研究揭示了涂层在改变硬碳的孔隙结构、SEI化学和扩散动力学方面的关键作用，为合理设计具有增强快速充电能力的钠离子电池阳极提供了可能。下载：下载高分辨率图片（121KB）下载：下载全尺寸图片
{"title":"Changing the pore structure and surface chemistry of hard carbon by coating it with a soft carbon to boost high-rate sodium storage","authors":"Qin ZHONG , Ying MO , Wang ZHOU , Biao ZHENG , Jian-fang WU , Guo-ku LIU , Zieauddin Kufian Mohd , Osman Zurina , Xiong-wen XU , Peng GAO , Le-zhi YANG , Ji-lei LIU","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60979-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60979-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changes to the microstructure of a hard carbon (HC) and its solid electrolyte interface (SEI) can be effective in improving the electrode kinetics. However, achieving fast charging using a simple and inexpensive strategy without sacrificing its initial Coulombic efficiency remains a challenge in sodium ion batteries. A simple liquid-phase coating approach has been used to generate a pitch-derived soft carbon layer on the HC surface, and its effect on the porosity of HC and SEI chemistry has been studied. A variety of structural characterizations show a soft carbon coating can increase the defect and ultra-micropore contents. The increase in ultra-micropore comes from both the soft carbon coatings and the larger pores within the HC that are partially filled by pitch, which provides more Na<sup>+</sup> storage sites. In-situ FTIR/EIS and ex-situ XPS showed that the soft carbon coating induced the formation of thinner SEI that is richer in NaF from the electrolyte, which stabilized the interface and promoted the charge transfer process. As a result, the anode produced fastcharging (329.8 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> at 30 mA g<sup>–1</sup> and 198.6 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> at 300 mA g<sup>–1</sup>) and had a better cycling performance (a high capacity retention of 81.4% after 100 cycles at 150 mA g<sup>–1</sup>). This work reveals the critical role of coating layer in changing the pore structure, SEI chemistry and diffusion kinetics of hard carbon, which enables rational design of sodium-ion battery anode with enhanced fast charging capability.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (121KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 651-665"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three-dimensional (3D) graphene monoliths are a new carbon material, that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage. They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional (2D) graphene sheets, including interlayer restacking, high contact resistance, and insufficient pore accessibility. By constructing interconnected porous networks, 3D graphenes not only retain the intrinsic advantages of 2D graphene sheets, such as high specific surface area, excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, good mechanical properties, and outstanding chemical stability, but also enable efficient mass transport of external fluid species. We summarize the fabrication methods for 3D graphenes, with a particular focus on their applications in energy-related systems. Techniques including chemical reduction assembly, chemical vapor deposition, 3D printing, chemical blowing, and zinc-tiered pyrolysis have been developed to change their pore structure and elemental composition, and ways in which they can be integrated with functional components. In terms of energy conversion and storage, they have found broad use in buffering mechanical impacts, suppressing noise, photothermal conversion, electromagnetic shielding and absorption. They have also been used in electrochemical energy systems such as supercapacitors, secondary batteries, and electrocatalysis. By reviewing recent progress in structural design and new applications, we also discuss the problems these materials face, including scalable fabrication and precise pore structure control, and possible new applications.
{"title":"A review of 3D graphene materials for energy storage and conversion","authors":"Zi-yuan WU , Chi-wei XU , Jin-jue ZENG , Xiang-fen JIANG , Xue-bin WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60989-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60989-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional (3D) graphene monoliths are a new carbon material, that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage. They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional (2D) graphene sheets, including interlayer restacking, high contact resistance, and insufficient pore accessibility. By constructing interconnected porous networks, 3D graphenes not only retain the intrinsic advantages of 2D graphene sheets, such as high specific surface area, excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, good mechanical properties, and outstanding chemical stability, but also enable efficient mass transport of external fluid species. We summarize the fabrication methods for 3D graphenes, with a particular focus on their applications in energy-related systems. Techniques including chemical reduction assembly, chemical vapor deposition, 3D printing, chemical blowing, and zinc-tiered pyrolysis have been developed to change their pore structure and elemental composition, and ways in which they can be integrated with functional components. In terms of energy conversion and storage, they have found broad use in buffering mechanical impacts, suppressing noise, photothermal conversion, electromagnetic shielding and absorption. They have also been used in electrochemical energy systems such as supercapacitors, secondary batteries, and electrocatalysis. By reviewing recent progress in structural design and new applications, we also discuss the problems these materials face, including scalable fabrication and precise pore structure control, and possible new applications.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (150KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 477-517"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60980-2
Ao SUN , Nuo XU , Yue-fan WANG , Jia-qi XU , Zi-zheng SHI , Xiao ZHANG
The use of carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs), which are macroscopic assemblies of billions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), has long been limited by their disordered and loose microstructures. As a result, their mechanical properties are several orders of magnitude lower than those of single CNTs. In recent years, with the innovation in CNTF preparation techniques, not only has continuous mass production at the industrial level been achieved, but the cost has also significantly decreased to levels close to those of high-performance commercial fibers due to the economies of scale. High performance CNTFs have been developed that have a high strength, moderate to high modulus, high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high flexibility, and low density. These advanced CNTFs have not only surpassed the characteristic properties of benchmark commercial fibers but have also been widely explored for use in structural materials for aerospace, conductive cables, and novel mechanical energy harvesting. During the last decade there has been significant improvements in CNTF preparation techniques, post-synthesis treatment and its mechanisms, understanding the failure mechanisms of structures developed from them, and many new applications have been explored. The review attempts to understand the key problems in transferring properties from the nanoscale to the macroscale and discusses feasible ways to approach the superior properties of CNTs in order to widen the future applications of CNTFs.
{"title":"High strength carbon nanotube fibers: synthesis development, property improvement and possible applications","authors":"Ao SUN , Nuo XU , Yue-fan WANG , Jia-qi XU , Zi-zheng SHI , Xiao ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60980-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60980-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs), which are macroscopic assemblies of billions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), has long been limited by their disordered and loose microstructures. As a result, their mechanical properties are several orders of magnitude lower than those of single CNTs. In recent years, with the innovation in CNTF preparation techniques, not only has continuous mass production at the industrial level been achieved, but the cost has also significantly decreased to levels close to those of high-performance commercial fibers due to the economies of scale. High performance CNTFs have been developed that have a high strength, moderate to high modulus, high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high flexibility, and low density. These advanced CNTFs have not only surpassed the characteristic properties of benchmark commercial fibers but have also been widely explored for use in structural materials for aerospace, conductive cables, and novel mechanical energy harvesting. During the last decade there has been significant improvements in CNTF preparation techniques, post-synthesis treatment and its mechanisms, understanding the failure mechanisms of structures developed from them, and many new applications have been explored. The review attempts to understand the key problems in transferring properties from the nanoscale to the macroscale and discusses feasible ways to approach the superior properties of CNTs in order to widen the future applications of CNTFs.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (89KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 621-641"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60987-5
Ya KONG , Shi-peng ZHANG , Yu-ling YIN , Zi-xuan ZHANG , Xue-ting FENG , Feng DING , Jin ZHANG , Lian-ming TONG , Xin GAO
Graphdiyne (GDY) is a two-dimensional carbon allotrope with exceptional physical and chemical properties that is gaining increasing attention. However, its efficient and scalable synthesis remains a significant challenge. We present a microwave-assisted approach for its continuous, large-scale production which enables synthesis at a rate of 0.6 g/h, with a yield of up to 90%. The synthesized GDY nanosheets have an average diameter of 246 nm and a thickness of 4 nm. We used GDY as a stable coating for potassium (K) metal anodes (K@GDY), taking advantage of its unique molecular structure to provide favorable paths for K-ion transport. This modification significantly inhibited dendrite formation and improved the cycling stability of K metal batteries. Full-cells with perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) cathodes showed the clear superiority of the K@GDY anodes over bare K anodes in terms of performance, stability, and cycle life. The K@GDY maintained a stable voltage plateau and gave an excellent capacity retention after 600 cycles with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency. This work not only provides a scalable and efficient way for GDY synthesis but also opens new possibilities for its use in energy storage and other advanced technologies.
{"title":"Microwave-enabled rapid, continuous, and substrate-free synthesis of few-layer graphdiyne nanosheets for enhanced potassium metal battery performance","authors":"Ya KONG , Shi-peng ZHANG , Yu-ling YIN , Zi-xuan ZHANG , Xue-ting FENG , Feng DING , Jin ZHANG , Lian-ming TONG , Xin GAO","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60987-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60987-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphdiyne (GDY) is a two-dimensional carbon allotrope with exceptional physical and chemical properties that is gaining increasing attention. However, its efficient and scalable synthesis remains a significant challenge. We present a microwave-assisted approach for its continuous, large-scale production which enables synthesis at a rate of 0.6 g/h, with a yield of up to 90%. The synthesized GDY nanosheets have an average diameter of 246 nm and a thickness of 4 nm. We used GDY as a stable coating for potassium (K) metal anodes (K@GDY), taking advantage of its unique molecular structure to provide favorable paths for K-ion transport. This modification significantly inhibited dendrite formation and improved the cycling stability of K metal batteries. Full-cells with perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) cathodes showed the clear superiority of the K@GDY anodes over bare K anodes in terms of performance, stability, and cycle life. The K@GDY maintained a stable voltage plateau and gave an excellent capacity retention after 600 cycles with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency. This work not only provides a scalable and efficient way for GDY synthesis but also opens new possibilities for its use in energy storage and other advanced technologies.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (156KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 642-650"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60992-9
Yong-fang ZHU , Xiao-dong JI , Wen-kai PAN , Geng WU , Peng LI , Bo LIU , Da-ping HE
Because of their low electrical conductivity, sluggish ion diffusion, and poor stability, conventional electrode materials are not able to meet the growing demands of energy storage and portable devices. Graphene assembled films (GAFs) formed from graphene nanosheets have an ultrahigh conductivity, a unique 2D network structure, and exceptional mechanical strength, which give them the potential to solve these problems. However, a systematic understanding of GAFs as an advanced electrode material is lacking. This review focuses on the use of GAFs in electrochemistry, providing a comprehensive analysis of their synthesis methods, surface/structural characteristics, and physical properties, and thus understand their structure-property relationships. Their advantages in batteries, supercapacitors, and electrochemical sensors are systematically evaluated, with an emphasis on their excellent electrical conductivity, ion transport kinetics, and interfacial stability. The existing problems in these devices, such as chemical inertness and mechanical brittleness, are discussed and potential solutions are proposed, including defect engineering and hybrid structures. This review should deepen our mechanistic understanding of the use of GAFs in electrochemical systems and provide actionable strategies for developing stable, high-performance electrode materials.
{"title":"A review of graphene assembled films as platforms for electrochemical reactions","authors":"Yong-fang ZHU , Xiao-dong JI , Wen-kai PAN , Geng WU , Peng LI , Bo LIU , Da-ping HE","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60992-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60992-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because of their low electrical conductivity, sluggish ion diffusion, and poor stability, conventional electrode materials are not able to meet the growing demands of energy storage and portable devices. Graphene assembled films (GAFs) formed from graphene nanosheets have an ultrahigh conductivity, a unique 2D network structure, and exceptional mechanical strength, which give them the potential to solve these problems. However, a systematic understanding of GAFs as an advanced electrode material is lacking. This review focuses on the use of GAFs in electrochemistry, providing a comprehensive analysis of their synthesis methods, surface/structural characteristics, and physical properties, and thus understand their structure-property relationships. Their advantages in batteries, supercapacitors, and electrochemical sensors are systematically evaluated, with an emphasis on their excellent electrical conductivity, ion transport kinetics, and interfacial stability. The existing problems in these devices, such as chemical inertness and mechanical brittleness, are discussed and potential solutions are proposed, including defect engineering and hybrid structures. This review should deepen our mechanistic understanding of the use of GAFs in electrochemical systems and provide actionable strategies for developing stable, high-performance electrode materials.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (117KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 519-538"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60994-2
Chang-lin HE , Zhi-chao SHANG , Wei-guang WANG , Xiang-ming LI , Kun WANG , Yue-xing CHEN , Xin-tan BAI , Pei-pei WANG , Xiang JI , Xuan-ru REN , A Levashov Evgeny , Kiryukhantsev-Korneev Ph V , Pei-zhong FENG
To improve the oxidation resistance of HfB2-SiC coatings on carbon/carbon composites at 1700 °C in air, CeO2 was introduced to improve oxygen blocking and its mechanism was investigated. During the rapid oxidation stage, CeO2 accelerated the formation of a multiphase glass layer on the coating surface. The maximum oxidation rates of CeO2-HfB2-SiC coatings with 1%, 3%, and 5% CeO2 were 24.1%, 20.3%, and 53.2% higher than that of the unmodified HfB2-SiC coating, respectively. In the stable oxidation stage, the maximum oxidation rates of coatings with 1% and 3% CeO2 decreased by 31.4% and 21.9%, respectively, demonstrating adequate inert protection. CeO2 is a “coagulant” and “stabilizer” in the composite glass layer. However, increasing the CeO2 content accelerates the reaction between the SiO2 glass phase and SiC, leading to a higher SiO2 consumption and reduced self-healing ability of the glass layer. The 1% CeO2-60% HfB2-39%SiC coating showed improved glass layer viscosity and stability, moderate SiO2 consumption, and better self-healing ability, significantly boosting the oxidation protection of the coating.
{"title":"Improving the oxidation resistance of HfB2-SiC coatings on carbon/carbon composites by CeO2 doping","authors":"Chang-lin HE , Zhi-chao SHANG , Wei-guang WANG , Xiang-ming LI , Kun WANG , Yue-xing CHEN , Xin-tan BAI , Pei-pei WANG , Xiang JI , Xuan-ru REN , A Levashov Evgeny , Kiryukhantsev-Korneev Ph V , Pei-zhong FENG","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60994-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60994-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the oxidation resistance of HfB<sub>2</sub>-SiC coatings on carbon/carbon composites at 1700 °C in air, CeO<sub>2</sub> was introduced to improve oxygen blocking and its mechanism was investigated. During the rapid oxidation stage, CeO<sub>2</sub> accelerated the formation of a multiphase glass layer on the coating surface. The maximum oxidation rates of CeO<sub>2</sub>-HfB<sub>2</sub>-SiC coatings with 1%, 3%, and 5% CeO<sub>2</sub> were 24.1%, 20.3%, and 53.2% higher than that of the unmodified HfB<sub>2</sub>-SiC coating, respectively. In the stable oxidation stage, the maximum oxidation rates of coatings with 1% and 3% CeO<sub>2</sub> decreased by 31.4% and 21.9%, respectively, demonstrating adequate inert protection. CeO<sub>2</sub> is a “coagulant” and “stabilizer” in the composite glass layer. However, increasing the CeO<sub>2</sub> content accelerates the reaction between the SiO<sub>2</sub> glass phase and SiC, leading to a higher SiO<sub>2</sub> consumption and reduced self-healing ability of the glass layer. The 1% CeO<sub>2</sub>-60% HfB<sub>2</sub>-39%SiC coating showed improved glass layer viscosity and stability, moderate SiO<sub>2</sub> consumption, and better self-healing ability, significantly boosting the oxidation protection of the coating.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (106KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 688-701"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60990-5
Hui-jun LI , Qing ZHANG , Kun HUANG , Song-feng PEI , Wen-cai REN
With the miniaturization and high integration of electronic devices, problems such as heat accumulation and non-uniform temperature distribution during operation have significantly compromised the reliability and stability of electronic systems, thereby hindering the advance of electronic technology. Because of the exceptionally high in-plane thermal conductivity of graphene, its films can effectively spread heat from localized hotspots to a larger heat dissipation area, thereby increasing the heat dissipation and reducing the operating temperatures of the device. As a result, such films are critical materials for thermal management in electronic equipment. This review systematically examines the relationship between their structure and thermal conductivity, outlines their main fabrication methods, explores the mechanisms for controlling defects in them using different precursors, formation processes, and heat treatments, and summarizes existing research aimed at improving their thermal conductivity. Finally, the problems associated with these films and their future development are discussed.
{"title":"A review of thermally conductive graphene-based films","authors":"Hui-jun LI , Qing ZHANG , Kun HUANG , Song-feng PEI , Wen-cai REN","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60990-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60990-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the miniaturization and high integration of electronic devices, problems such as heat accumulation and non-uniform temperature distribution during operation have significantly compromised the reliability and stability of electronic systems, thereby hindering the advance of electronic technology. Because of the exceptionally high in-plane thermal conductivity of graphene, its films can effectively spread heat from localized hotspots to a larger heat dissipation area, thereby increasing the heat dissipation and reducing the operating temperatures of the device. As a result, such films are critical materials for thermal management in electronic equipment. This review systematically examines the relationship between their structure and thermal conductivity, outlines their main fabrication methods, explores the mechanisms for controlling defects in them using different precursors, formation processes, and heat treatments, and summarizes existing research aimed at improving their thermal conductivity. Finally, the problems associated with these films and their future development are discussed.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (96KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 540-552"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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