Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61019-5
Jun-yi ZHOU , Hong-hui DU , Xue-tao WANG , Xin-ru CAO , Lin-jie ZHI
Smart batteries play a key role in upgrading energy storage systems. However, they require a well-balanced integration of material structure, functional properties, and electrochemical performance, and their development is limited by conventional material systems in terms of energy density, response time, and functional integration. Carbon materials have emerged as a key solution for overcoming these problems due to their structural adjustability and multifunctional compatibility. Strategies for improving their electrochemical performance by changing the pore structure and interlayer spacing, as well as chemical functionalization, and composite design are analyzed, and their impact on improving the specific capacity and cycling stability of batteries is demonstrated. The unique advantages of carbon materials in realizing smart functions such as power supply, real-time monitoring and energy management in smart batteries are also discussed. Based on current progress in related fields, the prospects for the use of carbon materials in smart batteries are evaluated.
{"title":"Carbon materials for smart batteries","authors":"Jun-yi ZHOU , Hong-hui DU , Xue-tao WANG , Xin-ru CAO , Lin-jie ZHI","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61019-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61019-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart batteries play a key role in upgrading energy storage systems. However, they require a well-balanced integration of material structure, functional properties, and electrochemical performance, and their development is limited by conventional material systems in terms of energy density, response time, and functional integration. Carbon materials have emerged as a key solution for overcoming these problems due to their structural adjustability and multifunctional compatibility. Strategies for improving their electrochemical performance by changing the pore structure and interlayer spacing, as well as chemical functionalization, and composite design are analyzed, and their impact on improving the specific capacity and cycling stability of batteries is demonstrated. The unique advantages of carbon materials in realizing smart functions such as power supply, real-time monitoring and energy management in smart batteries are also discussed. Based on current progress in related fields, the prospects for the use of carbon materials in smart batteries are evaluated.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (129KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 822-836"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61016-X
Lin-kai PENG , Ji-wei SHI , Yun CAO , Jia-qi LAN , Chuan-nan GENG , Wei LV
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have great promise for next-generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g-1) of sulfur with chemical conversion for charge storage. However, their practical use is hindered by the slow redox kinetics of sulfur and the “shuttle effect” arising from dissolved lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). In recent years, various carbon-based materials have served as sulfur hosts and catalysts for accelerating sulfur conversion redox kinetics and alleviating LiPS shuttling. However, they often suffer from irreversible passivation and structural changes that destroy their long-term performance. We consider the main problems limiting their stability, including excessive LiPS adsorption, passivation by insulating Li2S, and surface reconstruction, and clarify how these factors lead to capacity fade. We then outline effective strategies for achieving long-term sulfur catalysis, focusing on functional carbon, such as designing suitable carbon-supported catalyst interfaces, creating well-distributed active sites, adding cocatalysts to improve electron transfer, and using carbon-based protective layers to suppress unwanted side reactions. Using this information should enable the development of stable, high-activity catalysts capable of long-term operation under practical conditions in Li-S batteries.
{"title":"Strategies for balancing catalytic activity and stability in lithium-sulfur batteries","authors":"Lin-kai PENG , Ji-wei SHI , Yun CAO , Jia-qi LAN , Chuan-nan GENG , Wei LV","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61016-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61016-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have great promise for next-generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>) of sulfur with chemical conversion for charge storage. However, their practical use is hindered by the slow redox kinetics of sulfur and the “shuttle effect” arising from dissolved lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). In recent years, various carbon-based materials have served as sulfur hosts and catalysts for accelerating sulfur conversion redox kinetics and alleviating LiPS shuttling. However, they often suffer from irreversible passivation and structural changes that destroy their long-term performance. We consider the main problems limiting their stability, including excessive LiPS adsorption, passivation by insulating Li<sub>2</sub>S, and surface reconstruction, and clarify how these factors lead to capacity fade. We then outline effective strategies for achieving long-term sulfur catalysis, focusing on functional carbon, such as designing suitable carbon-supported catalyst interfaces, creating well-distributed active sites, adding cocatalysts to improve electron transfer, and using carbon-based protective layers to suppress unwanted side reactions. Using this information should enable the development of stable, high-activity catalysts capable of long-term operation under practical conditions in Li-S batteries.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (152KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 889-908"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61013-4
Yu LEI , Yu ZHONG , Yi-shuo LI , Tao LI , Zhuo-hui ZHOU , Lei QIN
Lithium-air batteries (LABs) are regarded as a next-generation energy storage option due to their relatively high energy density. The cyclic stability and lifespan of LABs are mainly influenced by the formation and decomposition of lithium-based oxides at the air cathode, which not only lead to a low cathode catalytic efficiency but also restrict the electrochemical reversibility and cause side reaction problems. Carbon materials are considered key to solving these problems due to their conductivity, functional flexibility, and adjustable pore structure. This paper considers the research progress on carbon materials as air cathode catalytic materials for LABs, focusing on their structural characteristics, electrochemical behavior, and reaction mechanisms. Besides being used as air cathodes, carbon materials also show potential for being used as protective layers for metal anodes or as anode materials for LABs.
{"title":"Advances in the use of carbon materials for lithium-air batteries","authors":"Yu LEI , Yu ZHONG , Yi-shuo LI , Tao LI , Zhuo-hui ZHOU , Lei QIN","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61013-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61013-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-air batteries (LABs) are regarded as a next-generation energy storage option due to their relatively high energy density. The cyclic stability and lifespan of LABs are mainly influenced by the formation and decomposition of lithium-based oxides at the air cathode, which not only lead to a low cathode catalytic efficiency but also restrict the electrochemical reversibility and cause side reaction problems. Carbon materials are considered key to solving these problems due to their conductivity, functional flexibility, and adjustable pore structure. This paper considers the research progress on carbon materials as air cathode catalytic materials for LABs, focusing on their structural characteristics, electrochemical behavior, and reaction mechanisms. Besides being used as air cathodes, carbon materials also show potential for being used as protective layers for metal anodes or as anode materials for LABs.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (151KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 909-930"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61014-6
Zhi ZHENG , Dong-yang CAI , Hua-xin LIU , Han-rui DING , Ying-hao ZHANG , Jia-bei XIAO , Wen-tao DENG , Guo-qiang ZOU , Hong-shuai HOU , Xiao-bo JI
Carbon dots (CDs) are functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials that have the potential for use in advanced batteries, owing to their ultrasmall size, tunable surface functional groups and excellent dispersibility. This review summarizes recent advances in CD-based materials for advanced batteries. Methods for the preparation of CDs are first introduced, focusing on the feasibility of large-scale synthesis, and four critical uses of CDs are analyzed: electrolyte solutions, metal electrode coatings, electrode materials, and solid-state batteries. We then consider how CDs suppress dendrite formation, decrease volume expansion, accelerate charge transfer, and improve ion migration. Finally, existing problems are discussed, including the industrial production of CDs, their role as additives in the evolution of electrode interfaces, and strategies for giving them multifunctionality.
{"title":"Carbon dots for use in advanced battery systems","authors":"Zhi ZHENG , Dong-yang CAI , Hua-xin LIU , Han-rui DING , Ying-hao ZHANG , Jia-bei XIAO , Wen-tao DENG , Guo-qiang ZOU , Hong-shuai HOU , Xiao-bo JI","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61014-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61014-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots (CDs) are functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials that have the potential for use in advanced batteries, owing to their ultrasmall size, tunable surface functional groups and excellent dispersibility. This review summarizes recent advances in CD-based materials for advanced batteries. Methods for the preparation of CDs are first introduced, focusing on the feasibility of large-scale synthesis, and four critical uses of CDs are analyzed: electrolyte solutions, metal electrode coatings, electrode materials, and solid-state batteries. We then consider how CDs suppress dendrite formation, decrease volume expansion, accelerate charge transfer, and improve ion migration. Finally, existing problems are discussed, including the industrial production of CDs, their role as additives in the evolution of electrode interfaces, and strategies for giving them multifunctionality.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (166KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 931-960"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61025-0
Bin CAO , Zheng CUI , Huan LIU , Shuang-yin ZHANG , Bin XU
As an emerging electrochemical energy storage technology, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), which are considered a “beyond Li-ion” battery system, have attracted tremendous attention due to their potential for providing a high energy density, and having abundant resource, and a low cost. However, their commercialization is hindered by the lack of practical anode materials. Among various reported anodes, conventional carbon materials, including graphite, soft carbon, and hard carbon, have emerged as promising candidates because of their abundance, low cost, high conductivity, and tunable structures. However, these materials have problems such as a low initial Coulombic efficiency, significant volume expansion, and unsatisfactory cyclability and rate performance. Various strategies to solve these have been explored, including optimizing the interlayer spacing, structural design, surface coating, constructing a multifunctional framework, and forming composites. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in conventional carbon anodes, highlighting structural design strategies, mechanisms for improving the electrochemical performance, and underscores the critical role of these materials in promoting the practical application of PIBs.
{"title":"Conventional carbon anodes for potassium-ion batteries: Progress, challenges and prospects","authors":"Bin CAO , Zheng CUI , Huan LIU , Shuang-yin ZHANG , Bin XU","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61025-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61025-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an emerging electrochemical energy storage technology, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), which are considered a “beyond Li-ion” battery system, have attracted tremendous attention due to their potential for providing a high energy density, and having abundant resource, and a low cost. However, their commercialization is hindered by the lack of practical anode materials. Among various reported anodes, conventional carbon materials, including graphite, soft carbon, and hard carbon, have emerged as promising candidates because of their abundance, low cost, high conductivity, and tunable structures. However, these materials have problems such as a low initial Coulombic efficiency, significant volume expansion, and unsatisfactory cyclability and rate performance. Various strategies to solve these have been explored, including optimizing the interlayer spacing, structural design, surface coating, constructing a multifunctional framework, and forming composites. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in conventional carbon anodes, highlighting structural design strategies, mechanisms for improving the electrochemical performance, and underscores the critical role of these materials in promoting the practical application of PIBs.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (119KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 717-737"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61024-9
Bin XIE , Xin-ya ZHAO , Zheng-dong MA , Yi-jian ZHANG , Jia-rong DONG , Yan WANG , Qiu-hong BAI , Ye-hua SHEN
The development of sustainable electrode materials for energy storage systems has become very important and porous carbons derived from biomass have become an important candidate because of their tunable pore structure, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. Recent advances in controlling the pore structure of these carbons and its relationship between to is energy storage performance are discussed, emphasizing the critical role of a balanced distribution of micropores, mesopores and macropores in determining electrochemical behavior. Particular attention is given to how the intrinsic components of biomass precursors (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) influence pore formation during carbonization. Carbonization and activation strategies to precisely control the pore structure are introduced. Finally, key challenges in the industrial production of these carbons are outlined, and future research directions are proposed. These include the establishment of a database of biomass intrinsic structures and machine learning-assisted pore structure engineering, aimed at providing guidance for the design of high-performance carbon materials for next-generation energy storage devices.
{"title":"Modifying the pore structure of biomass-derived porous carbon for use in energy storage systems","authors":"Bin XIE , Xin-ya ZHAO , Zheng-dong MA , Yi-jian ZHANG , Jia-rong DONG , Yan WANG , Qiu-hong BAI , Ye-hua SHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61024-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)61024-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of sustainable electrode materials for energy storage systems has become very important and porous carbons derived from biomass have become an important candidate because of their tunable pore structure, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. Recent advances in controlling the pore structure of these carbons and its relationship between to is energy storage performance are discussed, emphasizing the critical role of a balanced distribution of micropores, mesopores and macropores in determining electrochemical behavior. Particular attention is given to how the intrinsic components of biomass precursors (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) influence pore formation during carbonization. Carbonization and activation strategies to precisely control the pore structure are introduced. Finally, key challenges in the industrial production of these carbons are outlined, and future research directions are proposed. These include the establishment of a database of biomass intrinsic structures and machine learning-assisted pore structure engineering, aimed at providing guidance for the design of high-performance carbon materials for next-generation energy storage devices.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (91KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 870-887"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60982-6
Wen-ze WEI , Xiang GAO , Chao-jie YU , Xiao-li SUN , Tong-bo WEI , Li JIA , Jing-yu SUN
Among the synthesis techniques for graphene, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) enables the direct growth of graphene films on insulating substrates. Its advantages include uniform coverage, high quality, scalability, and compatibility with industrial processes. Graphene is chemically inert and has a zero-bandgap which poses a problem for its use as a functional layer, and nitrogen doping has become an important way to overcome this. Post-plasma treatment has been explored for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene, but the procedures are intricate and not suitable for large-scale production. We report the direct synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene on a 4-inch sapphire wafer by ethanol-assisted CVD employing pyridine as the carbon feedstock, where the nitrogen comes from the pyridine and the hydroxyl group in ethanol improves the quality of the graphene produced. Additionally, the types of nitrogen dopant produced and their effects on III-nitride epitaxy were also investigated, resulting in the successful illumination of LED devices. This work presents an effective synthesis strategy for the preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene, and provides a foundation for designing graphene functional layers in optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"Ethanol-assisted direct synthesis of wafer-scale nitrogen-doped graphene for III-nitride epitaxial growth","authors":"Wen-ze WEI , Xiang GAO , Chao-jie YU , Xiao-li SUN , Tong-bo WEI , Li JIA , Jing-yu SUN","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60982-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60982-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the synthesis techniques for graphene, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) enables the direct growth of graphene films on insulating substrates. Its advantages include uniform coverage, high quality, scalability, and compatibility with industrial processes. Graphene is chemically inert and has a zero-bandgap which poses a problem for its use as a functional layer, and nitrogen doping has become an important way to overcome this. Post-plasma treatment has been explored for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene, but the procedures are intricate and not suitable for large-scale production. We report the direct synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene on a 4-inch sapphire wafer by ethanol-assisted CVD employing pyridine as the carbon feedstock, where the nitrogen comes from the pyridine and the hydroxyl group in ethanol improves the quality of the graphene produced. Additionally, the types of nitrogen dopant produced and their effects on III-nitride epitaxy were also investigated, resulting in the successful illumination of LED devices. This work presents an effective synthesis strategy for the preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene, and provides a foundation for designing graphene functional layers in optoelectronic devices.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (100KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 678-686"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60973-5
Xin-yu SU , Sheng-en QIU , Hang YANG , Feng YU , Gao-rong HAN , Zong-ping CHEN
Graphdiyne (GDY) and its derivatives have been considered ideal supporting materials for nanoscale active particles because of their unique atomic and electronic structure. An efficient bi-metal Cu-Pd catalyst was added to produce the uniform deposition of Pd nano-clusters with an average size of ~0.95 nm on hydrogen-substituted GDY (H-GDY) nanosheets. With the assistance of NaBH4, the resulting Pd/H-GDY was very effective in the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), whose conversion was sharply increased to 97.21% in 100 s with a rate constant per unit mass (k‘) of 8.97×105 min–1 g–1. Additionally, dyes such as methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR) were completely degraded within 180 and 90 s, respectively. The Pd/H-GDY maintained this activity after 5 reduction cycles. These results highlight the promising performance of Pd/H-GDY in catalyzing the degradation of various pollutants, which is attributed to the combined effect of the large π-conjugated structure of the H-GDY nanosheets and the evenly distributed Pd nanoclusters.
{"title":"Ultrathin hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne nanosheets containing pdclusters used for the degradation of environmental pollutants","authors":"Xin-yu SU , Sheng-en QIU , Hang YANG , Feng YU , Gao-rong HAN , Zong-ping CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60973-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60973-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphdiyne (GDY) and its derivatives have been considered ideal supporting materials for nanoscale active particles because of their unique atomic and electronic structure. An efficient bi-metal Cu-Pd catalyst was added to produce the uniform deposition of Pd nano-clusters with an average size of ~0.95 nm on hydrogen-substituted GDY (H-GDY) nanosheets. With the assistance of NaBH<sub>4</sub>, the resulting Pd/H-GDY was very effective in the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), whose conversion was sharply increased to 97.21% in 100 s with a rate constant per unit mass (k‘) of 8.97×10<sup>5</sup> min<sup>–1</sup> g<sup>–1</sup>. Additionally, dyes such as methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR) were completely degraded within 180 and 90 s, respectively. The Pd/H-GDY maintained this activity after 5 reduction cycles. These results highlight the promising performance of Pd/H-GDY in catalyzing the degradation of various pollutants, which is attributed to the combined effect of the large π-conjugated structure of the H-GDY nanosheets and the evenly distributed Pd nanoclusters.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (117KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 666-676"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60991-7
Zi-chong HUANG , Weil-in LIU , Jun LI , Yu JIANG , Guo-wen YUAN , Li-bo GAO
Graphene has attracted widespread attention since 2004 because of its outstanding physical and chemical properties. Among its various synthesis methods, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has emerged as the dominant approach for producing high-quality grapheme films, owing to its high controllability, low cost, and scalability. This review systematically summarizes the technological development of graphene synthesis by CVD, with a focus on recent progress in key areas such as single-crystal graphene growth, surface flatness control, precise control of the number of layers, and efficient large-scale production. Studies have shown that strategies such as substrate design, proton-assisted decoupling techniques, and oxygenassisted methods have enabled the wafer-scale synthesis of single-crystal graphene with electrical properties comparable to that of mechanically exfoliated samples. However, several technical challenges remain, including direct growth on insulating substrates, high-quality synthesis at low-temperatures, and the dynamic control of defects. Looking ahead, the integration of novel carbon sources, multifunctional fabrication processes, and rollto-roll industrial production is expected to advance the practical use of graphene in fields such as flexible electronics and energy storage.
{"title":"Current status and prospect of graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition","authors":"Zi-chong HUANG , Weil-in LIU , Jun LI , Yu JIANG , Guo-wen YUAN , Li-bo GAO","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60991-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60991-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene has attracted widespread attention since 2004 because of its outstanding physical and chemical properties. Among its various synthesis methods, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has emerged as the dominant approach for producing high-quality grapheme films, owing to its high controllability, low cost, and scalability. This review systematically summarizes the technological development of graphene synthesis by CVD, with a focus on recent progress in key areas such as single-crystal graphene growth, surface flatness control, precise control of the number of layers, and efficient large-scale production. Studies have shown that strategies such as substrate design, proton-assisted decoupling techniques, and oxygenassisted methods have enabled the wafer-scale synthesis of single-crystal graphene with electrical properties comparable to that of mechanically exfoliated samples. However, several technical challenges remain, including direct growth on insulating substrates, high-quality synthesis at low-temperatures, and the dynamic control of defects. Looking ahead, the integration of novel carbon sources, multifunctional fabrication processes, and rollto-roll industrial production is expected to advance the practical use of graphene in fields such as flexible electronics and energy storage.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (69KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 457-476"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(25)60988-7
Rong HU , Jia SONG , Wei HUANG , An-na ZHOU , Jia-long LIN , Yang CAO , Sheng HU
Large-area two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, MoS2, WS2, h-BN, black phosphorus, and MXenes, are a class of advanced materials with many possible applications. Different applications need different substrates, and each substrate may need a different way of transferring the 2D material onto it. Problems such as local stress concentrations, an uneven surface tension, inconsistent adhesion, mechanical damage and contamination during the transfer can adversely affect the quality and properties of the transferred material. Therefore, how to improve the integrity, flatness and cleanness of large area 2D materials is a challenge. In order to achieve high-quality transfer, the main concern is to control the interface adhesion between the substrate, the 2D material and the transfer medium. This review focuses on this topic, and finally, in order to promote the industrial use of large area 2D materials, provides a recipe for this transfer process based on the requirements of the application, and points out the current problems and directions for future development.
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