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Diversity and efficacy of insect sampling methods in an urban tropical dry forest of the Colombian Caribbean.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18262
Rodrigo Sarmiento-Garcés, Daniel Posada-Echeverría, Rafik Neme

Tropical dry forests (TDFs) are among the most threatened ecosystems in Colombia and globally. Characterized by distinct dry and wet seasons, TDFs support a rich diversity of flora and fauna and offer crucial ecosystem services, despite facing significant threats such as deforestation, urbanization and climate change. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of insect diversity within an urban TDF area in Puerto Colombia, Atlántico and in the Colombian Caribbean, by comparing three traditional sampling methods: Malaise traps, pitfall traps, and canopy fogging. In total, 3,135 insects were collected, representing 413 morphospecies across various trophic guilds. Our findings indicate that Malaise traps were the most effective in capturing a diverse range of species, followed by pitfall traps, while canopy fogging yielded the lowest species richness. Each method captured unique species, demonstrating that these methods are complementary in capturing the full spectrum of insect diversity in TDFs. Additionally, our study contributes valuable data on the taxonomic and functional diversity of insects in this continuously threatened ecosystem, underscoring the need for conservation efforts in urban and peri-urban TDFs.

{"title":"Diversity and efficacy of insect sampling methods in an urban tropical dry forest of the Colombian Caribbean.","authors":"Rodrigo Sarmiento-Garcés, Daniel Posada-Echeverría, Rafik Neme","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropical dry forests (TDFs) are among the most threatened ecosystems in Colombia and globally. Characterized by distinct dry and wet seasons, TDFs support a rich diversity of flora and fauna and offer crucial ecosystem services, despite facing significant threats such as deforestation, urbanization and climate change. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of insect diversity within an urban TDF area in Puerto Colombia, Atlántico and in the Colombian Caribbean, by comparing three traditional sampling methods: Malaise traps, pitfall traps, and canopy fogging. In total, 3,135 insects were collected, representing 413 morphospecies across various trophic guilds. Our findings indicate that Malaise traps were the most effective in capturing a diverse range of species, followed by pitfall traps, while canopy fogging yielded the lowest species richness. Each method captured unique species, demonstrating that these methods are complementary in capturing the full spectrum of insect diversity in TDFs. Additionally, our study contributes valuable data on the taxonomic and functional diversity of insects in this continuously threatened ecosystem, underscoring the need for conservation efforts in urban and peri-urban TDFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) as an influencing factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with stroke-associated pneumonia: a retrospective study.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.19028
Ke Xie, Chuan Zhang, Shiyu Nie, Shengnan Kang, Zhong Wang, Xuehe Zhang

Background: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) significantly increases patients' risk of death after stroke. The identification of patients at high risk for SAP remains difficult. Nutritional assessment is valuable for risk identification in stroke patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between prognostic nutritional index (PNI) levels and in-hospital mortality in SAP patients.

Methods: A total of 336 SAP patients who visited the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from January 2019 to December 2023 were included in this study, and PNI were calculated based on the results of admission examinations. Linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of baseline PNI in SAP patients. Logistic regression as well as restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to analyze the relationship between baseline PNI levels and hospital mortality events in SAP patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the predictive value of PNI for in-hospital mortality by area under the curve (AUC).

Results: Thirty out of 336 SAP patients presented with in-hospital mortality and these patients had significantly lower PNI levels. In our study, PNI levels were influenced by age, body mass index, and total cholesterol. Increased PNI levels are an independent protective factor for the risk of in-hospital mortality in SAP patients (OR: 0.232, 95% CI [0.096-0.561], P = 0.001). There was a nonlinear correlation between PNI and in-hospital mortality events (P for nonlinear <0.001). In terms of predictive effect, PNI levels were more efficacious in predicting in-hospital mortality in SAP patients with higher sensitivity and/or specificity compared to individual indicators (AUC = 0.750, 95% CI [0.641-0.860], P < 0.001).

Conclusion: PNI levels in SAP patients were associated with the short-term prognosis of patients, and SAP patients with elevated PNI levels had a reduced risk of in-hospital mortality.

{"title":"Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) as an influencing factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with stroke-associated pneumonia: a retrospective study.","authors":"Ke Xie, Chuan Zhang, Shiyu Nie, Shengnan Kang, Zhong Wang, Xuehe Zhang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) significantly increases patients' risk of death after stroke. The identification of patients at high risk for SAP remains difficult. Nutritional assessment is valuable for risk identification in stroke patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between prognostic nutritional index (PNI) levels and in-hospital mortality in SAP patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 336 SAP patients who visited the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from January 2019 to December 2023 were included in this study, and PNI were calculated based on the results of admission examinations. Linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of baseline PNI in SAP patients. Logistic regression as well as restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to analyze the relationship between baseline PNI levels and hospital mortality events in SAP patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the predictive value of PNI for in-hospital mortality by area under the curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty out of 336 SAP patients presented with in-hospital mortality and these patients had significantly lower PNI levels. In our study, PNI levels were influenced by age, body mass index, and total cholesterol. Increased PNI levels are an independent protective factor for the risk of in-hospital mortality in SAP patients (OR: 0.232, 95% CI [0.096-0.561], <i>P</i> = 0.001). There was a nonlinear correlation between PNI and in-hospital mortality events (<i>P</i> for nonlinear <0.001). In terms of predictive effect, PNI levels were more efficacious in predicting in-hospital mortality in SAP patients with higher sensitivity and/or specificity compared to individual indicators (AUC = 0.750, 95% CI [0.641-0.860], <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PNI levels in SAP patients were associated with the short-term prognosis of patients, and SAP patients with elevated PNI levels had a reduced risk of in-hospital mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploratory analyses of the associations between Ki-67 expression, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.19062
Jianqing Zheng, Bifen Huang, Ying Chen, Bingwei Zeng, Lihua Xiao, Min Wu

Background: The relationships between Ki-67/MKI67 expression, lymph node metastasis (LNM), vascular invasion (VI), and perineural invasion (PI) in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) remain unclear. This retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of Ki-67 expression and its association with LNM in patients with resected ESCC.

Methods: The analysis included 168 patients with ESCC with available Ki-67 protein expression data. The patients were divided into Ki-67 high-expression group (Ki-67 High, 93 cases) and Ki-67 low-expression (Ki-67 Low, 75 cases) groups. Associations between Ki-67 expression and ESCC pathological features was assessed using chi-square test. Overall survival (OS) was compared between the two groups using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model.

Results: Median follow-up duration was 33.5 months (range 3.0-60.0 months). High Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with poor OS in patients with ESCC compared to that of the low-expression in both univariate (hazard ratios (HR) = 3.42, 95% CI [2.22-5.27], P < 0.001) and multivariate analyses (HR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.33-2.94], P < 0.001). Furthermore, high Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with an increased risk of LNM (χ 2 = 11.219, P = 0.011), VI (χ 2 = 6.359, P = 0.012), and PI (χ 2 = 8.877, P = 0.003).

Conclusions: High Ki-67 protein expression is associated with poor prognosis in ESCC. Increased Ki-67 expression significantly increases the risk of LNM, VI, and PI in ESCC, and thus may serve as an indication for adjuvant therapy in ESCC management.

{"title":"Exploratory analyses of the associations between Ki-67 expression, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer.","authors":"Jianqing Zheng, Bifen Huang, Ying Chen, Bingwei Zeng, Lihua Xiao, Min Wu","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationships between Ki-67/MKI67 expression, lymph node metastasis (LNM), vascular invasion (VI), and perineural invasion (PI) in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) remain unclear. This retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of Ki-67 expression and its association with LNM in patients with resected ESCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis included 168 patients with ESCC with available Ki-67 protein expression data. The patients were divided into Ki-67 high-expression group (Ki-67 High, 93 cases) and Ki-67 low-expression (Ki-67 Low, 75 cases) groups. Associations between Ki-67 expression and ESCC pathological features was assessed using chi-square test. Overall survival (OS) was compared between the two groups using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median follow-up duration was 33.5 months (range 3.0-60.0 months). High Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with poor OS in patients with ESCC compared to that of the low-expression in both univariate (hazard ratios (HR) = 3.42, 95% CI [2.22-5.27], <i>P</i> < 0.001) and multivariate analyses (HR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.33-2.94], <i>P</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, high Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with an increased risk of LNM (<i>χ</i> <sup>2</sup> = 11.219, <i>P</i> = 0.011), VI (<i>χ</i> <sup>2</sup> = 6.359, <i>P</i> = 0.012), and PI (<i>χ</i> <sup>2</sup> = 8.877, <i>P</i> = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High Ki-67 protein expression is associated with poor prognosis in ESCC. Increased Ki-67 expression significantly increases the risk of LNM, VI, and PI in ESCC, and thus may serve as an indication for adjuvant therapy in ESCC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trueness and precision of complete denture digital impression compared to conventional impression: an in vitro study. 与传统印模相比,全口义齿数码印模的真实度和精确度:体外研究。
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.19075
Yousif A Al-Dulaijan, Haidar Alalawi, Mohammed M Gad, Faisal D Al-Qarni, Shaimaa M Fouda, Passent Ellakany

Background: This study aimed to compare the precision and trueness of digital impressions of the edentulous arch made with different scanners to conventional physical impressions.

Methods: A total of 40 impressions of a completely edentulous maxillary arch model (n = 10) were made using different digital impressions with an extraoral scanner, E3 3Shape desktop scanner, as the reference scan, intraoral scanner (TRIOS IOS, and Medit IOS) and Vinyl Polysiloxane impressions (VPS) impression using a Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) custom tray. The VPS impression was scanned with the desktop scanner to produce standard tessellation language (STL) files for comparison with the digital impressions made by the Desktop and intraoral scanners. The STL files were super-imposed to a desktop scan and to each other with the same group using Geomagic Control X Software to assess the trueness and precision, respectively. A t-test was conducted for statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05.

Results: The overall trueness, Medit had the highest deviation compared to the VPS and TRIOS groups with a P value of 0.0013 and <0.0001, respectively. In terms of overall precision, TRIOS had a lower deviation than the VPS group, with a P value of 0.0002. The TRIOS and Medit groups had statistically comparable results. The desktop scanner showed the highest precision in digitizing completely edentulous cases, followed by the TRIOS scanner. The Medit scanner's trueness had the highest deviation compared to the VPS and TRIOS groups.

{"title":"Trueness and precision of complete denture digital impression compared to conventional impression: an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Yousif A Al-Dulaijan, Haidar Alalawi, Mohammed M Gad, Faisal D Al-Qarni, Shaimaa M Fouda, Passent Ellakany","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to compare the precision and trueness of digital impressions of the edentulous arch made with different scanners to conventional physical impressions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 impressions of a completely edentulous maxillary arch model (<i>n</i> = 10) were made using different digital impressions with an extraoral scanner, E3 3Shape desktop scanner, as the reference scan, intraoral scanner (TRIOS IOS, and Medit IOS) and Vinyl Polysiloxane impressions (VPS) impression using a Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) custom tray. The VPS impression was scanned with the desktop scanner to produce standard tessellation language (STL) files for comparison with the digital impressions made by the Desktop and intraoral scanners. The STL files were super-imposed to a desktop scan and to each other with the same group using Geomagic Control X Software to assess the trueness and precision, respectively. A t-test was conducted for statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall trueness, Medit had the highest deviation compared to the VPS and TRIOS groups with a <i>P</i> value of 0.0013 and <0.0001, respectively. In terms of overall precision, TRIOS had a lower deviation than the VPS group, with a <i>P</i> value of 0.0002. The TRIOS and Medit groups had statistically comparable results. The desktop scanner showed the highest precision in digitizing completely edentulous cases, followed by the TRIOS scanner. The Medit scanner's trueness had the highest deviation compared to the VPS and TRIOS groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep-learning tool for early identification of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage etiology and application in clinical diagnostics based on computed tomography (CT) scans.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18850
Meng Zhao, Wenjie Li, Yifan Hu, Ruixuan Jiang, Yuanli Zhao, Dong Zhang, Yan Zhang, Rong Wang, Yong Cao, Qian Zhang, Yonggang Ma, Jiaxi Li, Shaochen Yu, Ran Zhang, Yefeng Zheng, Shuo Wang, Jizong Zhao

Background: To develop an artificial intelligence system that can accurately identify acute non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) etiology (aneurysms, hypertensive hemorrhage, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), Moyamoya disease (MMD), cavernous malformation (CM), or other causes) based on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans and investigate whether clinicians can benefit from it in a diagnostic setting.

Methods: The deep learning model was developed with 1,868 eligible NCCT scans with non-traumatic ICH collected between January 2011 and April 2018. We tested the model on two independent datasets (TT200 and SD 98) collected after April 2018. The model's diagnostic performance was compared with clinicians' performance. We further designed a simulated study to compare the clinicians' performance with and without the deep learning system complements.

Results: The proposed deep learning system achieved area under the receiver operating curve of 0.986 (95% CI [0.967-1.000]) on aneurysms, 0.952 (0.917-0.987) on hypertensive hemorrhage, 0.950 (0.860-1.000) on arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 0.749 (0.586-0.912) on Moyamoya disease (MMD), 0.837 (0.704-0.969) on cavernous malformation (CM), and 0.839 (0.722-0.959) on other causes in TT200 dataset. Given a 90% specificity level, the sensitivities of our model were 97.1% and 90.9% for aneurysm and AVM diagnosis, respectively. On the test dataset SD98, the model achieved AUCs on aneurysms and hypertensive hemorrhage of 0.945 (95% CI [0.882-1.000]) and 0.883 (95% CI [0.818-0.948]), respectively. The clinicians achieve significant improvements in the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of diagnoses of certain hemorrhage etiologies with proposed system complements.

Conclusions: The proposed deep learning tool can be an accuracy tool for early identification of hemorrhage etiologies based on NCCT scans. It may also provide more information for clinicians for triage and further imaging examination selection.

{"title":"Deep-learning tool for early identification of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage etiology and application in clinical diagnostics based on computed tomography (CT) scans.","authors":"Meng Zhao, Wenjie Li, Yifan Hu, Ruixuan Jiang, Yuanli Zhao, Dong Zhang, Yan Zhang, Rong Wang, Yong Cao, Qian Zhang, Yonggang Ma, Jiaxi Li, Shaochen Yu, Ran Zhang, Yefeng Zheng, Shuo Wang, Jizong Zhao","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To develop an artificial intelligence system that can accurately identify acute non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) etiology (aneurysms, hypertensive hemorrhage, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), Moyamoya disease (MMD), cavernous malformation (CM), or other causes) based on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans and investigate whether clinicians can benefit from it in a diagnostic setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The deep learning model was developed with 1,868 eligible NCCT scans with non-traumatic ICH collected between January 2011 and April 2018. We tested the model on two independent datasets (TT200 and SD 98) collected after April 2018. The model's diagnostic performance was compared with clinicians' performance. We further designed a simulated study to compare the clinicians' performance with and without the deep learning system complements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed deep learning system achieved area under the receiver operating curve of 0.986 (95% CI [0.967-1.000]) on aneurysms, 0.952 (0.917-0.987) on hypertensive hemorrhage, 0.950 (0.860-1.000) on arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 0.749 (0.586-0.912) on Moyamoya disease (MMD), 0.837 (0.704-0.969) on cavernous malformation (CM), and 0.839 (0.722-0.959) on other causes in TT200 dataset. Given a 90% specificity level, the sensitivities of our model were 97.1% and 90.9% for aneurysm and AVM diagnosis, respectively. On the test dataset SD98, the model achieved AUCs on aneurysms and hypertensive hemorrhage of 0.945 (95% CI [0.882-1.000]) and 0.883 (95% CI [0.818-0.948]), respectively. The clinicians achieve significant improvements in the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of diagnoses of certain hemorrhage etiologies with proposed system complements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed deep learning tool can be an accuracy tool for early identification of hemorrhage etiologies based on NCCT scans. It may also provide more information for clinicians for triage and further imaging examination selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shoe configuration effects on equine forelimb gait kinetics at a walk.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18940
Rita Aoun, Zaneta Ogunmola, Anaïs Musso, Takashi Taguchi, Catherine Takawira, Mandi J Lopez
<p><p>The shift in vertical forces on the equine hoof surface by heart-bar, egg-bar, and wooden clog shoes can significantly impact gait kinetics. Hypotheses tested in this study were that vertical, braking, and propulsion peak force (PF) and impulse (IMP) are different while shod with heart-bar, egg-bar, open-heel, and wooden clog shoes, or while unshod, and the resultant ground reaction force vector (<b>GRF</b> <sub><b>YZ</b></sub> ) has the longest duration of cranial angulation with open-heel shoes followed by unshod, then egg-bar and heart-bar shoes, and the shortest with wooden clog shoes. Forelimb GRFs were recorded as six non-lame, light-breed horses walked across a force platform (four trials/side) while unshod or with egg-bar, heart-bar, open-heel, or wooden clog shoes. Outcomes included vertical, braking, and propulsive peak forces (PF<sub>V</sub>, PF<sub>B</sub>, PF<sub>P</sub>) and impulses (IMP<sub>V</sub>, IMP<sub>B</sub>, IMP<sub>P</sub>), percent stance time to each PF, braking to vertical PF ratio (PF<sub>B</sub>/PF<sub>V</sub>), walking speed (m s<sup>-1</sup>), total stance time (ST) and percent of stance in braking and propulsion. The magnitude and direction of the resultant <b>GRF<sub>YZ</sub></b> vectors were quantified at 5% stance increments. Kinetic measures were compared among shoeing conditions with a mixed effects model (<i>p</i>-value < 0.05). A random forest classifier algorithm was used to predict shoeing condition from kinetic outcome measures. All results are reported as mean ± SEM. Trial speed, 1.51 ± 0.02 m s<sup>-1</sup>, was not different among shoeing conditions. The PF<sub>V</sub> was lower with wooden clog (6.13 ± 0.1 N kg<sup>-1</sup>) <i>versus</i> egg-bar (6.35 ± 0.1 N kg<sup>-1</sup>) shoes or unshod (6.32 ± 0.1 N kg<sup>-1</sup>); the PF<sub>P</sub> was higher with wooden clog (0.81 ± 0.03 N kg<sup>-1</sup>) <i>versus</i> open-heel (0.71 ± 0.03 N kg<sup>-1</sup>) or egg-bar (0.75 ± 0.03 N kg<sup>-1</sup>) shoes or unshod (0.74 ± 0.03 N kg<sup>-1</sup>), and lower with open-heel compared to heart-bar shoes (0.77 ± 0.03 N kg<sup>-1</sup>). Both IMP <sub>B</sub> and IMP<sub>V</sub> were higher with open-heel shoes (-0.19 ± 0.008 N s kg<sup>-1</sup>, 3.28 ± 0.09 N s kg<sup>-1</sup>) <i>versus</i> unshod (-0.17 ± 0.008 N s kg<sup>-1</sup>, 3.16 ± 0.09 N s kg<sup>-1</sup>), and IMP<sub>V</sub> was higher with wooden clog shoes (3.26 ± 0.09 N s kg<sup>-1</sup>) <i>versus</i> unshod. With wooden clog shoes, PF<sub>B</sub>/PF<sub>V</sub> (0.12 ± 0.004) was higher than unshod (0.11 ± 0.004). Percent time to peak PF<sub>V</sub>, PF<sub>B</sub>, and PF<sub>P</sub>, and percent braking time were highest and percent propulsion time lowest with wooden clog shoes. The magnitude of the <b>GRF<sub>YZ</sub></b> vector with the wooden clog shoe was the highest among shoeing conditions during the first stance half, lowest during the second stance half, highest during late propulsion, and had the most gradual braking to pr
{"title":"Shoe configuration effects on equine forelimb gait kinetics at a walk.","authors":"Rita Aoun, Zaneta Ogunmola, Anaïs Musso, Takashi Taguchi, Catherine Takawira, Mandi J Lopez","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18940","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The shift in vertical forces on the equine hoof surface by heart-bar, egg-bar, and wooden clog shoes can significantly impact gait kinetics. Hypotheses tested in this study were that vertical, braking, and propulsion peak force (PF) and impulse (IMP) are different while shod with heart-bar, egg-bar, open-heel, and wooden clog shoes, or while unshod, and the resultant ground reaction force vector (&lt;b&gt;GRF&lt;/b&gt; &lt;sub&gt;&lt;b&gt;YZ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ) has the longest duration of cranial angulation with open-heel shoes followed by unshod, then egg-bar and heart-bar shoes, and the shortest with wooden clog shoes. Forelimb GRFs were recorded as six non-lame, light-breed horses walked across a force platform (four trials/side) while unshod or with egg-bar, heart-bar, open-heel, or wooden clog shoes. Outcomes included vertical, braking, and propulsive peak forces (PF&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt;, PF&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;, PF&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt;) and impulses (IMP&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt;, IMP&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;, IMP&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt;), percent stance time to each PF, braking to vertical PF ratio (PF&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;/PF&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt;), walking speed (m s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), total stance time (ST) and percent of stance in braking and propulsion. The magnitude and direction of the resultant &lt;b&gt;GRF&lt;sub&gt;YZ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt; vectors were quantified at 5% stance increments. Kinetic measures were compared among shoeing conditions with a mixed effects model (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value &lt; 0.05). A random forest classifier algorithm was used to predict shoeing condition from kinetic outcome measures. All results are reported as mean ± SEM. Trial speed, 1.51 ± 0.02 m s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, was not different among shoeing conditions. The PF&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt; was lower with wooden clog (6.13 ± 0.1 N kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) &lt;i&gt;versus&lt;/i&gt; egg-bar (6.35 ± 0.1 N kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) shoes or unshod (6.32 ± 0.1 N kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;); the PF&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt; was higher with wooden clog (0.81 ± 0.03 N kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) &lt;i&gt;versus&lt;/i&gt; open-heel (0.71 ± 0.03 N kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) or egg-bar (0.75 ± 0.03 N kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) shoes or unshod (0.74 ± 0.03 N kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), and lower with open-heel compared to heart-bar shoes (0.77 ± 0.03 N kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). Both IMP &lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; and IMP&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt; were higher with open-heel shoes (-0.19 ± 0.008 N s kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, 3.28 ± 0.09 N s kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) &lt;i&gt;versus&lt;/i&gt; unshod (-0.17 ± 0.008 N s kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, 3.16 ± 0.09 N s kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), and IMP&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt; was higher with wooden clog shoes (3.26 ± 0.09 N s kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) &lt;i&gt;versus&lt;/i&gt; unshod. With wooden clog shoes, PF&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;/PF&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt; (0.12 ± 0.004) was higher than unshod (0.11 ± 0.004). Percent time to peak PF&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt;, PF&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;, and PF&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt;, and percent braking time were highest and percent propulsion time lowest with wooden clog shoes. The magnitude of the &lt;b&gt;GRF&lt;sub&gt;YZ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt; vector with the wooden clog shoe was the highest among shoeing conditions during the first stance half, lowest during the second stance half, highest during late propulsion, and had the most gradual braking to pr","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of online support of physical activity management using a wearable device on renal function in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial protocol.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.19067
Toshimi Sato, Daisuke Suzuki, Yuichiro Sasamoto, Masahiro Ono, Namiko Shishito, Kohko Kanazawa, Akihito Watanabe, Koichi Naito, Shinichiro Morishita, Masahiro Kohzuki

Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) often cause rapid decline in renal and cardiac function. In patients with ACS, combined renal dysfunction is associated with increased overall mortality and cardiovascular events. Physical activity (PA) management may crucially contribute towards protection of renal function in patients with ACS. This article describes the study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing whether online support for PA management using wearable devices and information communication technology for patients with ACS facing difficulties in participating in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation after discharge can protect renal function following disease onset.

Methods: We have designed a two-arm RCT with a 3-month follow-up period. The online support intervention incorporates monitoring of PA, pulse rate, and blood pressure using a wearable device with an accelerometer and a web application system, as well as periodic educational feedback and goal setting. The primary study endpoint is the estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum cystatin C (eGFRcys). The intervention effect will be assessed using the eGFRcys at 3 months adjusted for baseline values. The secondary endpoints are the urine albumin/creatinine ratio, brain natriuretic peptide levels, average step count, peak oxygen uptake, quality of life, and incidence of adverse events.

Discussion: This RCT will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of online support for PA management as a renal protection strategy following ACS onset. This novel strategy not only mitigates barriers impeding participation in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation and protects cardiac and renal function in patients with ACS, but also may contribute towards improving survival and recurrence rates, preventing dialysis, and reducing medical and long-term care costs.

Trial registration: The trial was registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials on July 5, 2024. The registration number is jRCT1022240014 (Impact of Online Support of Physical Activity Management Using a Wearable Device on Renal Function in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome).

{"title":"Impact of online support of physical activity management using a wearable device on renal function in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial protocol.","authors":"Toshimi Sato, Daisuke Suzuki, Yuichiro Sasamoto, Masahiro Ono, Namiko Shishito, Kohko Kanazawa, Akihito Watanabe, Koichi Naito, Shinichiro Morishita, Masahiro Kohzuki","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) often cause rapid decline in renal and cardiac function. In patients with ACS, combined renal dysfunction is associated with increased overall mortality and cardiovascular events. Physical activity (PA) management may crucially contribute towards protection of renal function in patients with ACS. This article describes the study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing whether online support for PA management using wearable devices and information communication technology for patients with ACS facing difficulties in participating in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation after discharge can protect renal function following disease onset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We have designed a two-arm RCT with a 3-month follow-up period. The online support intervention incorporates monitoring of PA, pulse rate, and blood pressure using a wearable device with an accelerometer and a web application system, as well as periodic educational feedback and goal setting. The primary study endpoint is the estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum cystatin C (eGFRcys). The intervention effect will be assessed using the eGFRcys at 3 months adjusted for baseline values. The secondary endpoints are the urine albumin/creatinine ratio, brain natriuretic peptide levels, average step count, peak oxygen uptake, quality of life, and incidence of adverse events.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This RCT will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of online support for PA management as a renal protection strategy following ACS onset. This novel strategy not only mitigates barriers impeding participation in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation and protects cardiac and renal function in patients with ACS, but also may contribute towards improving survival and recurrence rates, preventing dialysis, and reducing medical and long-term care costs.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial was registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials on July 5, 2024. The registration number is jRCT1022240014 (Impact of Online Support of Physical Activity Management Using a Wearable Device on Renal Function in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome).</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting poor outcomes following intravenous rt-PA in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18937
Fengjiao Zhang, Dan Zhao, Jing Zhang

Background: Intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) within 4.5 h of symptom onset is a standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, certain patients continue to develop unfavorable outcomes despite timely rt-PA therapy. Identifying those at high risk is essential for developing individualized care plans and establishing appropriate follow-up.

Methods: This retrospective study included AIS patients treated with intravenous rt-PA at 0.9 mg/kg at our center. Outcomes at three months were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Patients with mRS scores ≤2 were considered to have favorable outcomes, and those with scores >2 were considered to have poor outcomes. Univariable analysis and stepwise logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of poor prognosis, and a nomogram was subsequently developed. The model's discriminative power was assessed with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC-ROC), and its calibration was examined using calibration plots. Decision curves and clinical impact curves were applied to determine clinical utility.

Results: Among 392 enrolled patients, 77 had poor outcomes three months after rt-PA therapy. Fibrinogen (Fg), baseline NIHSS, and a history of hypertension emerged as independent predictors of poor prognosis. The nomogram achieved an AUC of 0.948 (95% CI [0.910-0.985]), with sensitivity of 0.900 and specificity of 0.916 in the training dataset, and an AUC of 0.959 (95% CI [0.907-1.000]), with sensitivity of 0.943 and specificity of 0.947 in the validation dataset. Calibration plots demonstrated close agreement between predicted and observed probabilities, and decision curves indicated a wide range of net benefit threshold probabilities.

Conclusions: This nomogram, incorporating baseline NIHSS, Fg, and a history of hypertension, accurately predicts poor three-month outcomes in AIS patients treated with intravenous rt-PA. Its ease of use may facilitate early risk stratification and assist clinicians in formulating more targeted management strategies and follow-up protocols for patients likely to experience unfavorable outcomes.

{"title":"Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting poor outcomes following intravenous rt-PA in patients with acute ischemic stroke.","authors":"Fengjiao Zhang, Dan Zhao, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) within 4.5 h of symptom onset is a standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, certain patients continue to develop unfavorable outcomes despite timely rt-PA therapy. Identifying those at high risk is essential for developing individualized care plans and establishing appropriate follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included AIS patients treated with intravenous rt-PA at 0.9 mg/kg at our center. Outcomes at three months were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Patients with mRS scores ≤2 were considered to have favorable outcomes, and those with scores >2 were considered to have poor outcomes. Univariable analysis and stepwise logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of poor prognosis, and a nomogram was subsequently developed. The model's discriminative power was assessed with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC-ROC), and its calibration was examined using calibration plots. Decision curves and clinical impact curves were applied to determine clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 392 enrolled patients, 77 had poor outcomes three months after rt-PA therapy. Fibrinogen (Fg), baseline NIHSS, and a history of hypertension emerged as independent predictors of poor prognosis. The nomogram achieved an AUC of 0.948 (95% CI [0.910-0.985]), with sensitivity of 0.900 and specificity of 0.916 in the training dataset, and an AUC of 0.959 (95% CI [0.907-1.000]), with sensitivity of 0.943 and specificity of 0.947 in the validation dataset. Calibration plots demonstrated close agreement between predicted and observed probabilities, and decision curves indicated a wide range of net benefit threshold probabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This nomogram, incorporating baseline NIHSS, Fg, and a history of hypertension, accurately predicts poor three-month outcomes in AIS patients treated with intravenous rt-PA. Its ease of use may facilitate early risk stratification and assist clinicians in formulating more targeted management strategies and follow-up protocols for patients likely to experience unfavorable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of larval foam-making and prolonged terrestriality on morphology, nitrogen excretion and development to metamorphosis in a Leptodactylid frog.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18990
Javier Méndez-Narváez, Karen M Warkentin

At ontogenetic transitions, animals often exhibit plastic variation in development, behavior and physiology in response to environmental conditions. Most terrestrial-breeding frogs have aquatic larval periods. Some species can extend their initial terrestrial period, as either a plastic embryonic response to balance trade-offs across environments or an enforced wait for rain that allows larvae to access aquatic habitats. Terrestrial larvae of the foam-nesting frog, Leptodactylus fragilis, can arrest development, make their own nest foam to prevent dehydration, and synthesize urea to avoid ammonia toxicity. These plastic responses enable survival during unpredictably long periods in underground nest chambers, waiting for floods to enable exit and continued development in water. However, such physiological and behavioral responses may have immediate and long-term carry-over effects across subsequent ecological and developmental transitions. We examined effects of prolonged terrestriality and larval foam-making activity on larval physiology, development, and metamorphosis in L. fragilis. We tested for changes in foam-making ability by measuring the nests larvae produced following complete removal of parental foam at different ages. We measured ammonia and urea levels in larval foam nests to assess nitrogen excretion patterns, testing for effects of larval age, soil hydration around parental nests, and repeated nest construction. We also assessed immediate and long-term effects of larval foam-making and prolonged terrestriality on larval morphology at water entry and development to metamorphosis. We found that larvae arrested development during prolonged time on land and even young larvae were able to effectively produce multiple foam nests. We found high ammonia concentrations in larval nests, very high urea excretion by developmentally arrested older larvae, and faster growth of larvae in water than while constructing nests. Nonetheless, sibling larvae had a similar aquatic larval period and size at metamorphosis, regardless of their nest-making activity and timing of water entry. Sibship size increased the size of larval foam nests, but reduced per-capita foam production and increased size at metamorphosis, suggesting maternal effects in cooperative groups. Metamorph size also decreased with aquatic larval period. Our results highlight the extent of larval ability to maintain and construct a suitable developmental environment and excrete N-waste as urea, which are both crucial for survival during enforced extensions of terrestriality. Our results suggest that the energetic reserves in large eggs are sufficient to meet metabolic costs of urea synthesis and foam production during developmental arrest over an extended period on land, with no apparent carry-over effects on fitness-relevant traits at metamorphosis.

{"title":"Effects of larval foam-making and prolonged terrestriality on morphology, nitrogen excretion and development to metamorphosis in a Leptodactylid frog.","authors":"Javier Méndez-Narváez, Karen M Warkentin","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At ontogenetic transitions, animals often exhibit plastic variation in development, behavior and physiology in response to environmental conditions. Most terrestrial-breeding frogs have aquatic larval periods. Some species can extend their initial terrestrial period, as either a plastic embryonic response to balance trade-offs across environments or an enforced wait for rain that allows larvae to access aquatic habitats. Terrestrial larvae of the foam-nesting frog, <i>Leptodactylus fragilis</i>, can arrest development, make their own nest foam to prevent dehydration, and synthesize urea to avoid ammonia toxicity. These plastic responses enable survival during unpredictably long periods in underground nest chambers, waiting for floods to enable exit and continued development in water. However, such physiological and behavioral responses may have immediate and long-term carry-over effects across subsequent ecological and developmental transitions. We examined effects of prolonged terrestriality and larval foam-making activity on larval physiology, development, and metamorphosis in <i>L. fragilis</i>. We tested for changes in foam-making ability by measuring the nests larvae produced following complete removal of parental foam at different ages. We measured ammonia and urea levels in larval foam nests to assess nitrogen excretion patterns, testing for effects of larval age, soil hydration around parental nests, and repeated nest construction. We also assessed immediate and long-term effects of larval foam-making and prolonged terrestriality on larval morphology at water entry and development to metamorphosis. We found that larvae arrested development during prolonged time on land and even young larvae were able to effectively produce multiple foam nests. We found high ammonia concentrations in larval nests, very high urea excretion by developmentally arrested older larvae, and faster growth of larvae in water than while constructing nests. Nonetheless, sibling larvae had a similar aquatic larval period and size at metamorphosis, regardless of their nest-making activity and timing of water entry. Sibship size increased the size of larval foam nests, but reduced per-capita foam production and increased size at metamorphosis, suggesting maternal effects in cooperative groups. Metamorph size also decreased with aquatic larval period. Our results highlight the extent of larval ability to maintain and construct a suitable developmental environment and excrete N-waste as urea, which are both crucial for survival during enforced extensions of terrestriality. Our results suggest that the energetic reserves in large eggs are sufficient to meet metabolic costs of urea synthesis and foam production during developmental arrest over an extended period on land, with no apparent carry-over effects on fitness-relevant traits at metamorphosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
LTR retrotransposon-derived novel lncRNA2 enhances cold tolerance in Moso bamboo by modulating antioxidant activity and photosynthetic efficiency.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.19056
Jiamin Zhao, Yiqian Ding, Muthusamy Ramakrishnan, Long-Hai Zou, Yujing Chen, Mingbing Zhou

In Moso bamboo, the mechanism of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon-derived long non-coding RNA (TElncRNA) in response to cold stress remains unclear. In this study, several Pe-TElncRNAs were identified from Moso bamboo transcriptome data. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of a novel Pe-TElncRNA2 in Moso bamboo seedlings reached its highest level at 8 hours of cold treatment at 4 °C and was significantly higher in the stems compared to the leaves, roots, and buds. Furthermore, cellular localization analysis revealed that Pe-TElncRNA2 expression was significantly higher in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus. Pe-TElncRNA2 overexpression in Moso bamboo protoplasts showed that Pe-TElncRNA2 positively regulated the expression of FZR2, NOT3, ABCG44 and AGD6 genes. Further validation of this lncRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced antioxidant activities, as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and proline content, as well as maximum photochemical efficiency PS II in dark-adapted leaves (F v/F m), in the transgenic plants compared to the wild-type controls. Conversely, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, a lipid peroxidation marker (a marker of oxidative stress), was significantly reduced in the transgenic plants. Notably, the expression levels of both Pe-TElncRNA2 and the genes that were regulated by this lncRNA were upregulated in the transgenic plants after two days of cold stress treatment. These findings elucidate the critical role of LTR retrotransposon-derived lncRNAs in mediating cold stress responses in Moso bamboo.

{"title":"LTR retrotransposon-derived novel lncRNA2 enhances cold tolerance in Moso bamboo by modulating antioxidant activity and photosynthetic efficiency.","authors":"Jiamin Zhao, Yiqian Ding, Muthusamy Ramakrishnan, Long-Hai Zou, Yujing Chen, Mingbing Zhou","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Moso bamboo, the mechanism of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon-derived long non-coding RNA (TElncRNA) in response to cold stress remains unclear. In this study, several <i>Pe-TElncRNAs</i> were identified from Moso bamboo transcriptome data. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of a novel <i>Pe-TElncRNA2</i> in Moso bamboo seedlings reached its highest level at 8 hours of cold treatment at 4 °C and was significantly higher in the stems compared to the leaves, roots, and buds. Furthermore, cellular localization analysis revealed that <i>Pe-TElncRNA2</i> expression was significantly higher in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus. <i>Pe-TElncRNA2</i> overexpression in Moso bamboo protoplasts showed that <i>Pe-TElncRNA2</i> positively regulated the expression of <i>FZR2</i>, <i>NOT3</i>, <i>ABCG44</i> and <i>AGD6</i> genes. Further validation of this lncRNA in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> enhanced antioxidant activities, as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and proline content, as well as maximum photochemical efficiency PS II in dark-adapted leaves (<i>F</i> <sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i> <sub>m</sub>), in the transgenic plants compared to the wild-type controls. Conversely, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, a lipid peroxidation marker (a marker of oxidative stress), was significantly reduced in the transgenic plants. Notably, the expression levels of both <i>Pe-TElncRNA2</i> and the genes that were regulated by this lncRNA were upregulated in the transgenic plants after two days of cold stress treatment. These findings elucidate the critical role of LTR retrotransposon-derived lncRNAs in mediating cold stress responses in Moso bamboo.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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