首页 > 最新文献

PeerJ最新文献

英文 中文
Interspecies differences in the transcriptome response of corals to acute heat stress.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18627
Jeric Da-Anoy, Niño Posadas, Cecilia Conaco

Rising sea surface temperatures threaten the survival of corals worldwide, with coral bleaching events becoming more commonplace. However, different coral species are known to exhibit variable levels of susceptibility to thermal stress. To elucidate genetic mechanisms that may underlie these differences, we compared the gene repertoire of four coral species, Favites colemani, Montipora digitata, Acropora digitifera, and Seriatopora caliendrum, that were previously demonstrated to have differing responses to acute thermal stress. We found that more tolerant species, like F. colemani and M. digitata, possess a greater abundance of antioxidant protein families and chaperones. Under acute thermal stress conditions, only S. caliendrum showed a significant bleaching response, which was accompanied by activation of the DNA damage response network and drastic upregulation of stress response genes (SRGs). This suggests that differences in SRG orthologs, as well as the mechanisms that control SRG expression response, contribute to the ability of corals to maintain stability of physiological functions required to survive shifts in seawater temperature.

海面温度不断升高威胁着全球珊瑚的生存,珊瑚白化现象越来越普遍。然而,已知不同珊瑚物种对热应力的易感性程度不同。为了阐明可能导致这些差异的遗传机制,我们比较了四个珊瑚物种(Favites colemani、Montipora digitata、Acropora digitifera 和 Seriatopora caliendrum)的基因库。我们发现,耐受性更强的物种,如 F. colemani 和 M. digitata,拥有更丰富的抗氧化蛋白家族和伴侣蛋白。在急性热胁迫条件下,只有 S. caliendrum 出现了明显的漂白反应,同时 DNA 损伤反应网络被激活,胁迫反应基因(SRGs)急剧上调。这表明,SRG 同源物的差异以及控制 SRG 表达反应的机制有助于珊瑚维持在海水温度变化中生存所需的生理功能的稳定性。
{"title":"Interspecies differences in the transcriptome response of corals to acute heat stress.","authors":"Jeric Da-Anoy, Niño Posadas, Cecilia Conaco","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18627","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rising sea surface temperatures threaten the survival of corals worldwide, with coral bleaching events becoming more commonplace. However, different coral species are known to exhibit variable levels of susceptibility to thermal stress. To elucidate genetic mechanisms that may underlie these differences, we compared the gene repertoire of four coral species, <i>Favites colemani, Montipora digitata</i>, <i>Acropora digitifera</i>, and <i>Seriatopora caliendrum</i>, that were previously demonstrated to have differing responses to acute thermal stress. We found that more tolerant species, like <i>F. colemani</i> and <i>M. digitata</i>, possess a greater abundance of antioxidant protein families and chaperones. Under acute thermal stress conditions, only <i>S. caliendrum</i> showed a significant bleaching response, which was accompanied by activation of the DNA damage response network and drastic upregulation of stress response genes (SRGs). This suggests that differences in SRG orthologs, as well as the mechanisms that control SRG expression response, contribute to the ability of corals to maintain stability of physiological functions required to survive shifts in seawater temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11639872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A single-center retrospective study of ectopic lymphoid tissues in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: clinical pathological characteristics and prognostic value. 特发性膜性肾病异位淋巴组织的单中心回顾性研究:临床病理特征和预后价值。
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18703
Jing Zhang, Siyu Chen, Haiying Zheng, Siyi Rao, Yuanyuan Lin, Jianxin Wan, Yi Chen

Background: In recent years, ectopic lymphoid tissue (ELT) has been increasingly confirmed as a new biomarker for kidney injury or inflammation. However, there is insufficient research on the relationship between ELT grading and the progression of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).

Methods: A total of 147 patients with biopsy-proven IMN in our institution from March 2020 to June 2022 were classified into five grades based on the different distribution of lymphocyte subsets in renal tissue (G0: no B cells or T cells, G1: scattered B and T cells, G2: clustered B and T cells, G3: an aggregation region of B and T cells without a central network, G4: highly organized and formed zones of B and T cells with a central network of follicular dendritic cells and scattered macrophages), and were further divided into low-grade group (G0+G1), intermediate-grade group (G2) and high-grade group (G3+G4). The clinicopathological data, induction treatment response and prognosis among the three groups were analyzed and compared retrospectively.

Results: As the grading of ectopic lymphoid tissues increased, patients were older, with a higher prevalence of hypertension, a higher 24-h urinary protein level, lower baseline hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels, and more severe renal pathological damage. Logistic regression analysis showed that after 6 months of induction treatment, patients in the high-grade group were more likely to be in non-remission than those in the low-grade group (odds ratios [ORs] of the three adjusted models were 4.310, 4.239, and 5.088, respectively, P-values were 0.005, 0.006, and 0.001, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that patients in the intermediate- and high-grade groups had significantly lower renal cumulative survival rate than those in the low-grade group (P = 0.025). Univariate Cox analysis showed that the risk of adverse renal outcome was 3.662 times higher in the intermediate- and high-grade groups than in the low-grade group (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.078-12.435]; P = 0.037). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that failure of remission at the first 6 months (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.769; 95% CI [1.854-17.950]; P = 0.002) remained an independent risk factor for poor renal outcome in patients with IMN.

Conclusions: Grading of renal ectopic lymphoid tissues correlates with disease activity and severity in IMN patients and can be used as an indicator to assess the risk of IMN progression.

背景:近年来,异位淋巴组织(ELT)作为肾脏损伤或炎症的一种新生物标志物已被越来越多地证实。然而,关于异位淋巴组织分级与特发性膜性肾病(IMN)进展之间关系的研究尚不充分:根据淋巴细胞亚群在肾组织中的不同分布,将我院 2020 年 3 月至 2022 年 6 月期间活检证实的 147 例 IMN 患者分为五个等级(G0:无 B 细胞或 T 细胞;G1:散在的 B 细胞和 T 细胞;G2:聚集的 B 细胞和 T 细胞;G3:B 细胞和 T 细胞聚集区;G4:B 细胞和 T 细胞聚集区;G5:B 细胞和 T 细胞聚集区;G6:B 细胞和 T 细胞聚集区;G7:B 细胞和 T 细胞聚集区;G8:B 细胞和 T 细胞聚集区):进一步分为低级别组(G0+G1)、中级别组(G2)和高级别组(G3+G4)。对三组的临床病理数据、诱导治疗反应和预后进行了回顾性分析和比较:随着异位淋巴组织分级的增加,患者年龄越大,高血压患病率越高,24小时尿蛋白水平越高,基线血红蛋白和估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平越低,肾脏病理损伤越严重。逻辑回归分析表明,经过6个月的诱导治疗后,高级别组患者比低级别组患者更有可能处于非缓解状态(三个调整模型的几率比[ORs]分别为4.310、4.239和5.088,P值分别为0.005、0.006和0.001)。卡普兰-梅耶生存分析表明,中度和高度组患者的肾脏累积生存率明显低于低度组(P = 0.025)。单变量 Cox 分析显示,中、高分级组发生肾脏不良预后的风险是低分级组的 3.662 倍(95% 置信区间 [CI] [1.078-12.435];P = 0.037)。多变量 Cox 分析显示,头 6 个月未能缓解(危险比 [HR] = 5.769;95% CI [1.854-17.950];P = 0.002)仍是 IMN 患者肾脏预后不佳的独立危险因素:结论:肾脏异位淋巴组织的分级与IMN患者的疾病活动性和严重程度相关,可作为评估IMN进展风险的指标。
{"title":"A single-center retrospective study of ectopic lymphoid tissues in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: clinical pathological characteristics and prognostic value.","authors":"Jing Zhang, Siyu Chen, Haiying Zheng, Siyi Rao, Yuanyuan Lin, Jianxin Wan, Yi Chen","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18703","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, ectopic lymphoid tissue (ELT) has been increasingly confirmed as a new biomarker for kidney injury or inflammation. However, there is insufficient research on the relationship between ELT grading and the progression of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 147 patients with biopsy-proven IMN in our institution from March 2020 to June 2022 were classified into five grades based on the different distribution of lymphocyte subsets in renal tissue (G0: no B cells or T cells, G1: scattered B and T cells, G2: clustered B and T cells, G3: an aggregation region of B and T cells without a central network, G4: highly organized and formed zones of B and T cells with a central network of follicular dendritic cells and scattered macrophages), and were further divided into low-grade group (G0+G1), intermediate-grade group (G2) and high-grade group (G3+G4). The clinicopathological data, induction treatment response and prognosis among the three groups were analyzed and compared retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As the grading of ectopic lymphoid tissues increased, patients were older, with a higher prevalence of hypertension, a higher 24-h urinary protein level, lower baseline hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels, and more severe renal pathological damage. Logistic regression analysis showed that after 6 months of induction treatment, patients in the high-grade group were more likely to be in non-remission than those in the low-grade group (odds ratios [ORs] of the three adjusted models were 4.310, 4.239, and 5.088, respectively, <i>P</i>-values were 0.005, 0.006, and 0.001, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that patients in the intermediate- and high-grade groups had significantly lower renal cumulative survival rate than those in the low-grade group (<i>P</i> = 0.025). Univariate Cox analysis showed that the risk of adverse renal outcome was 3.662 times higher in the intermediate- and high-grade groups than in the low-grade group (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.078-12.435]; <i>P</i> = 0.037). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that failure of remission at the first 6 months (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.769; 95% CI [1.854-17.950]; <i>P</i> = 0.002) remained an independent risk factor for poor renal outcome in patients with IMN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Grading of renal ectopic lymphoid tissues correlates with disease activity and severity in IMN patients and can be used as an indicator to assess the risk of IMN progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accuracy of augmented reality navigated surgery for placement of zygomatic implants: a human cadaver study.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18468
Sander Tabernée Heijtmeijer, Haye Glas, Nard Janssen, Nathalie Vosselman, Sebastiaan de Visscher, Fred Spijkervet, Gerry Raghoebar, Remco de Bree, Antoine Rosenberg, Max Witjes, Joep Kraeima

Purpose: Placement of zygomatic implants in the most optimal prosthetic position is considered challenging due to limited bone mass of the zygoma, limited visibility, length of the drilling path and proximity to critical anatomical structures. Augmented reality (AR) navigation can eliminate some of the disadvantages of surgical guides and conventional surgical navigation, while potentially improving accuracy. In this human cadaver study, we evaluated a developed AR navigation approach for placement of zygomatic implants after total maxillectomy.

Methods: The developed AR navigation interface connects a commercial navigation system with the Microsoft HoloLens. AR navigated surgery was performed to place 20 zygomatic implants using five human cadaver skulls after total maxillectomy. To determine accuracy, postoperative scans were virtually matched with preoperative three-dimensional virtual surgical planning, and distances in mm from entry-exit points and angular deviations were calculated as outcome measures. Results were compared with a previously conducted study in which zygomatic implants were positioned with 3D printed surgical guides.

Results: The mean entry point deviation was 2.43 ± 1.33 mm and a 3D angle deviation of 5.80 ± 4.12° (range 1.39-19.16°). The mean exit point deviation was 3.28 mm (±2.17). The abutment height deviation was on average 2.20 ± 1.35 mm. The accuracy of the abutment in the occlusal plane was 4.13 ± 2.53 mm. Surgical guides perform significantly better for the entry-point (P = 0.012) and 3D angle (P = 0.05); however, there is no significant difference in accuracy for the exit-point (P = 0.143) when using 3D printed drill guides or AR navigated surgery.

Conclusion: Despite the higher precision of surgical guides, AR navigation demonstrated acceptable accuracy, with potential for improvement and specialized applications. The study highlights the feasibility of AR navigation for zygomatic implant placement, offering an alternative to conventional methods.

目的:由于颧骨骨量有限、能见度有限、钻孔路径长以及靠近关键解剖结构,将颧骨植入物放置在最佳修复位置具有挑战性。增强现实(AR)导航可以消除手术导板和传统手术导航的一些缺点,同时还有可能提高准确性。在这项人体尸体研究中,我们评估了在全上颌骨切除术后植入颧骨种植体的AR导航方法:开发的 AR 导航界面将商业导航系统与 Microsoft HoloLens 连接起来。在全上颌骨切除术后,使用五个人体尸体头骨进行了AR导航手术,植入了20颗颧骨植入体。为确定准确性,术后扫描与术前三维虚拟手术规划进行了虚拟匹配,并计算了以毫米为单位的出入口点距离和角度偏差作为结果测量。结果与之前进行的一项研究进行了比较,在这项研究中,颧骨植入物是用三维打印的手术导板定位的:平均入口点偏差为 2.43 ± 1.33 毫米,三维角度偏差为 5.80 ± 4.12°(范围为 1.39-19.16°)。出口点平均偏差为 3.28 毫米(±2.17)。基台高度偏差平均为 2.20 ± 1.35 毫米。基台在咬合面上的精确度为 4.13 ± 2.53 mm。手术导板在入口点(P = 0.012)和三维角度(P = 0.05)方面的表现明显更好;然而,在使用 3D 打印钻导或 AR 导航手术时,出口点的精确度没有明显差异(P = 0.143):结论:尽管手术导板的精度更高,但 AR 导航表现出了可接受的准确性,具有改进和专业应用的潜力。该研究强调了 AR 导航在颧骨种植体植入中的可行性,为传统方法提供了一种替代方案。
{"title":"Accuracy of augmented reality navigated surgery for placement of zygomatic implants: a human cadaver study.","authors":"Sander Tabernée Heijtmeijer, Haye Glas, Nard Janssen, Nathalie Vosselman, Sebastiaan de Visscher, Fred Spijkervet, Gerry Raghoebar, Remco de Bree, Antoine Rosenberg, Max Witjes, Joep Kraeima","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18468","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Placement of zygomatic implants in the most optimal prosthetic position is considered challenging due to limited bone mass of the zygoma, limited visibility, length of the drilling path and proximity to critical anatomical structures. Augmented reality (AR) navigation can eliminate some of the disadvantages of surgical guides and conventional surgical navigation, while potentially improving accuracy. In this human cadaver study, we evaluated a developed AR navigation approach for placement of zygomatic implants after total maxillectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The developed AR navigation interface connects a commercial navigation system with the Microsoft HoloLens. AR navigated surgery was performed to place 20 zygomatic implants using five human cadaver skulls after total maxillectomy. To determine accuracy, postoperative scans were virtually matched with preoperative three-dimensional virtual surgical planning, and distances in mm from entry-exit points and angular deviations were calculated as outcome measures. Results were compared with a previously conducted study in which zygomatic implants were positioned with 3D printed surgical guides.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean entry point deviation was 2.43 ± 1.33 mm and a 3D angle deviation of 5.80 ± 4.12° (range 1.39-19.16°). The mean exit point deviation was 3.28 mm (±2.17). The abutment height deviation was on average 2.20 ± 1.35 mm. The accuracy of the abutment in the occlusal plane was 4.13 ± 2.53 mm. Surgical guides perform significantly better for the entry-point (<i>P</i> = 0.012) and 3D angle (<i>P</i> = 0.05); however, there is no significant difference in accuracy for the exit-point (<i>P</i> = 0.143) when using 3D printed drill guides or AR navigated surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the higher precision of surgical guides, AR navigation demonstrated acceptable accuracy, with potential for improvement and specialized applications. The study highlights the feasibility of AR navigation for zygomatic implant placement, offering an alternative to conventional methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic diversity of the Khorat snail-eating turtle (Malayemys khoratensis) in Thailand. 泰国呼叻食螺龟(Malayemys khoratensis)的遗传多样性。
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18699
Thotsapol Chaianunporn, Monthakarn Mokarat, Apichaya Ruangsakunporn, Tanapipat Walalite, Wibhu Kutanan, Khemika Lomthaisong, Kanokporn Chaianunporn, Sarun Keithmaleesatti

Introduction: Malayemys khoratensis is a freshwater turtle species endemic to northeastern Thailand and Lao PDR. While M. khoratensis is relatively common and widespread in Thailand, its population size and demographic trends remain largely unknown, as direct population estimates are lacking. This species faces significant threats from consumption, exploitation, and trade. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic trends of M. khoratensis in northeastern Thailand, using two mitochondrial DNA genes, Cyt b and ND4.

Method: We grouped the turtles based on three major river basins in northeastern Thailand: Mun, Chi, and Northeast Mekong to assess population structure and test the isolation-by-basin hypothesis. The Cyt b and ND4 genes of 49 M. khoratensis individuals across 15 provinces in Thailand were sequenced, and 15 sequences from a previous study of Ihlow et al. (2016) were included into the analyses. We constructed a haplotype network from the concatenated sequences and analyzed the population structure with the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Additionally, we used a Bayesian Skyline plot (BSP) analysis to estimate the effective female population size and explore the demographic history of this species.

Results: Our analysis identified 13 unique haplotypes defined by 26 polymorphic sites from 64 samples. The total haplotype diversity for M. khoratensis was 0.819, while nucleotide diversity was 0.0031. The haplotype network and AMOVA revealed no distinct population structure among the river basins, suggesting gene flow across these regions. The BSP estimated a stable effective female population size of approximately 130,000 individuals since around 100,000 years ago (late Pleistocene).

Conclusion: Our findings indicated no significant population structure by river basin, which may be due to natural movement between basins or potential human-mediated translocations linked to the turtle trade. The demographic trend of M. khoratensis appears to have been stable over time. However, given the ongoing exploitation of this species, we recommend regular monitoring of population trends to support its long-term survival.

简介:Malayemys khoratensis 是泰国东北部和老挝人民民主共和国特有的淡水龟种。虽然 Malayemys khoratensis 在泰国相对常见且分布广泛,但由于缺乏直接的种群数量估计,其种群数量和人口趋势在很大程度上仍然未知。该物种面临着消费、开发和贸易的巨大威胁。因此,本研究旨在利用两个线粒体 DNA 基因 Cyt b 和 ND4 调查泰国东北部 M. khoratensis 的遗传多样性、种群结构和人口趋势:我们根据泰国东北部的三个主要河流流域对海龟进行了分组:方法:我们根据泰国东北部的三条主要河流流域(汶河、池河和湄公河东北部)对龟进行了分组,以评估种群结构并检验流域隔离假说。我们对泰国 15 个府的 49 个 M. khoratensis 个体的 Cyt b 和 ND4 基因进行了测序,并将 Ihlow 等人(2016 年)先前研究中的 15 个序列纳入分析。我们利用连接序列构建了单倍型网络,并利用分子方差分析(AMOVA)分析了种群结构。此外,我们还使用贝叶斯天际线图(BSP)分析来估计有效雌性种群数量,并探索该物种的人口历史:我们的分析从 64 个样本中发现了 13 个独特的单倍型,由 26 个多态位点定义。Khoratensis 的单倍型多样性为 0.819,核苷酸多样性为 0.0031。单倍型网络和 AMOVA 显示,各流域之间没有明显的种群结构,这表明基因在这些地区之间流动。据 BSP 估计,自约 10 万年前(更新世晚期)以来,雌性种群的有效数量稳定在 13 万左右:我们的研究结果表明,不同流域没有明显的种群结构,这可能是由于流域间的自然迁移或与海龟贸易有关的潜在人为迁移造成的。随着时间的推移,M. khoratensis 的种群趋势似乎趋于稳定。然而,鉴于对该物种的持续开发,我们建议定期监测种群趋势,以支持其长期生存。
{"title":"Genetic diversity of the Khorat snail-eating turtle (<i>Malayemys khoratensis</i>) in Thailand.","authors":"Thotsapol Chaianunporn, Monthakarn Mokarat, Apichaya Ruangsakunporn, Tanapipat Walalite, Wibhu Kutanan, Khemika Lomthaisong, Kanokporn Chaianunporn, Sarun Keithmaleesatti","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18699","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Malayemys khoratensis</i> is a freshwater turtle species endemic to northeastern Thailand and Lao PDR. While <i>M. khoratensis</i> is relatively common and widespread in Thailand, its population size and demographic trends remain largely unknown, as direct population estimates are lacking. This species faces significant threats from consumption, exploitation, and trade. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic trends of <i>M. khoratensis</i> in northeastern Thailand, using two mitochondrial DNA genes, <i>Cyt b</i> and <i>ND4</i>.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We grouped the turtles based on three major river basins in northeastern Thailand: Mun, Chi, and Northeast Mekong to assess population structure and test the isolation-by-basin hypothesis. The <i>Cyt b</i> and <i>ND4</i> genes of 49 <i>M. khoratensis</i> individuals across 15 provinces in Thailand were sequenced, and 15 sequences from a previous study of Ihlow et al. (2016) were included into the analyses. We constructed a haplotype network from the concatenated sequences and analyzed the population structure with the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Additionally, we used a Bayesian Skyline plot (BSP) analysis to estimate the effective female population size and explore the demographic history of this species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis identified 13 unique haplotypes defined by 26 polymorphic sites from 64 samples. The total haplotype diversity for <i>M. khoratensis</i> was 0.819, while nucleotide diversity was 0.0031. The haplotype network and AMOVA revealed no distinct population structure among the river basins, suggesting gene flow across these regions. The BSP estimated a stable effective female population size of approximately 130,000 individuals since around 100,000 years ago (late Pleistocene).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicated no significant population structure by river basin, which may be due to natural movement between basins or potential human-mediated translocations linked to the turtle trade. The demographic trend of <i>M. khoratensis</i> appears to have been stable over time. However, given the ongoing exploitation of this species, we recommend regular monitoring of population trends to support its long-term survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the effect of a communication skills course on medical students' attitude towards patient-centered care: a prospective study. 评估沟通技巧课程对医学生以患者为中心的护理态度的影响:一项前瞻性研究。
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18676
Khalid Gaffer Mohamed, Amer Almarabheh, Asim Mukhideer Almughamsi, Hany Atwa, Mohamed Hany Shehata

Background: This study aims to examine whether a communication skills course (Early Clinical Exposure-ECE) might support shaping medical students' attitudes towards patient-centered care at Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. Attitudes were measured before and after the course using the Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), which assesses students' orientation towards patient-centeredness.

Methods: This prospective observational study collected data at two points: the start of year two and the start of year four from the same cohort. The PPOS, divided into the sharing subscale (physician shares information, power, and control with the patient) and the caring subscale (physician considers the patient's emotions, preferences, and expectations), was used to evaluate students' attitudes. Mean scores were calculated, and independent sample t-tests were employed to assess statistical significance.

Results: Of the students targeted, 153 participated at year two (response rate = 93.5%) and 143 at year four (response rate = 89.5%). Significant progress was observed in the sharing subscale, with scores increasing from 3.23 ± 0.53 to 3.40 ± 0.60 (p = 0.015). However, the caring subscale exhibited a significant decline, with scores dropping from 4.06 ± 0.53 to 3.76 ± 0.68 (p < 0.001). As a result, there was no significant overall change in the total PPOS score (p = 0.282). Female students showed more progress in the sharing subscale than males.

Conclusions: The communication skills course might have had a positive impact on students' attitudes towards sharing information in decision-making with patients, but notably, the medical students' caring attitudes declined. This indicates a need for further emphasis on patient-centered communication, especially on the caring aspects, in the medical curriculum.

{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of a communication skills course on medical students' attitude towards patient-centered care: a prospective study.","authors":"Khalid Gaffer Mohamed, Amer Almarabheh, Asim Mukhideer Almughamsi, Hany Atwa, Mohamed Hany Shehata","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18676","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to examine whether a communication skills course (Early Clinical Exposure-ECE) might support shaping medical students' attitudes towards patient-centered care at Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. Attitudes were measured before and after the course using the Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), which assesses students' orientation towards patient-centeredness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study collected data at two points: the start of year two and the start of year four from the same cohort. The PPOS, divided into the sharing subscale (physician shares information, power, and control with the patient) and the caring subscale (physician considers the patient's emotions, preferences, and expectations), was used to evaluate students' attitudes. Mean scores were calculated, and independent sample t-tests were employed to assess statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the students targeted, 153 participated at year two (response rate = 93.5%) and 143 at year four (response rate = 89.5%). Significant progress was observed in the sharing subscale, with scores increasing from 3.23 ± 0.53 to 3.40 ± 0.60 (<i>p</i> = 0.015). However, the caring subscale exhibited a significant decline, with scores dropping from 4.06 ± 0.53 to 3.76 ± 0.68 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). As a result, there was no significant overall change in the total PPOS score (<i>p</i> = 0.282). Female students showed more progress in the sharing subscale than males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The communication skills course might have had a positive impact on students' attitudes towards sharing information in decision-making with patients, but notably, the medical students' caring attitudes declined. This indicates a need for further emphasis on patient-centered communication, especially on the caring aspects, in the medical curriculum.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Observation of peri-implant bone loss rates in patients visiting dentist-A retrospective evaluation of patients of a faculty hospital for one year. 观察牙科就诊患者的种植体周围骨质流失率--对一家医学院附属医院一年来就诊患者的回顾性评估。
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18643
Ilkim Karadag, Halis Kurnaz, Mehmet Murat Akkaya, İrem Karadag, Zeynep Ilayda Konukçu Kurnaz

Background: Many studies have been published on the relationship between different parameters with marginal bone loss around implants. The results of these studies vary, but some variables such as smoking or certain systemic conditions are more likely to predispose or exacerbate the resorption around implants. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of implants with radiographically detected marginal bone loss and to determine whether there is a relationship between the severity of destruction and certain risk factors like location of implant, restoration type, systemic condition, age, sex or smoking habits.

Materials and methods: Panoramic radiographs obtained for 1 year were examined. Patients with bone loss around the implant were classified according to the region of implant placement, type of restoration on implants, systemic diseases, and smoking habits. The rate of bone loss around the implants was recorded as the resorption score. Double and multiple comparison tests were applied to observe whether the resorption scores were related to the variables.

Results: Of 17,352 patients, 1,465 had at least one implant, and 1,116 of these had no bone loss. A total of 181 patients (863 implants) included in the study, there was a weak correlation between age (p = 0.017) and resorption rate. Implants supporting bridge restorations had higher resorption scores. Gender, age, and systemic conditions alone are not effective in increasing peri-implant bone loss (p < 0.05); therefore, placing implants in the mandible (p = 0.020) or using implants to support bridge restorations(p = 0.027) may make implants more vulnerable to resorption.

{"title":"Observation of peri-implant bone loss rates in patients visiting dentist-A retrospective evaluation of patients of a faculty hospital for one year.","authors":"Ilkim Karadag, Halis Kurnaz, Mehmet Murat Akkaya, İrem Karadag, Zeynep Ilayda Konukçu Kurnaz","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18643","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many studies have been published on the relationship between different parameters with marginal bone loss around implants. The results of these studies vary, but some variables such as smoking or certain systemic conditions are more likely to predispose or exacerbate the resorption around implants. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of implants with radiographically detected marginal bone loss and to determine whether there is a relationship between the severity of destruction and certain risk factors like location of implant, restoration type, systemic condition, age, sex or smoking habits.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Panoramic radiographs obtained for 1 year were examined. Patients with bone loss around the implant were classified according to the region of implant placement, type of restoration on implants, systemic diseases, and smoking habits. The rate of bone loss around the implants was recorded as the resorption score. Double and multiple comparison tests were applied to observe whether the resorption scores were related to the variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 17,352 patients, 1,465 had at least one implant, and 1,116 of these had no bone loss. A total of 181 patients (863 implants) included in the study, there was a weak correlation between age (<i>p</i> = 0.017) and resorption rate. Implants supporting bridge restorations had higher resorption scores. Gender, age, and systemic conditions alone are not effective in increasing peri-implant bone loss (<i>p</i> < 0.05); therefore, placing implants in the mandible (<i>p</i> = 0.020) or using implants to support bridge restorations(<i>p</i> = 0.027) may make implants more vulnerable to resorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spectrum analysis of inborn errors of metabolism for expanded newborn screening in Xinjiang, China. 中国新疆扩大新生儿筛查的先天性代谢异常谱分析。
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18173
Jingying Zhu, Li Han, Pingjingwen Yang, Ziyi Feng, Shuyuan Xue

To determine the disease spectrum and genetic characteristics of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) in Xinjiang province in the northwest of China, 41,690 newborn babies were screening by tandem mass spectrometry from November 2018 to December 2021. Of these, 57 newborn babies were referred for genetic analysis by next-generation sequencing, which was validated by Sanger sequencing. A total of 36 newborn babies and one relative were diagnosed with IEM, and the overall positive predictive value was 29.03%. The overall incidence of IEM in Xinjiang was 1:1,158 (36/41,690). The incidence of amino acidemias, organic acidemias, and fatty acid oxidation disorder were 1:1,668 (25/41,690), 1:4,632 (9/41,690), and 1:20,845 (2/41,690), respectively. Phenylketonuria and methylmalonic acidemia were the two most common inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), accounting for 83% (30/36) of all confirmed cases. Some hotspot mutations were observed for several IEMs, including PAH gene c.158G > A (p.Arg53His) and c.688G > A (p.Val230Ile) for hyperphenylalaninemia. Four mutation types of the MMACHC gene (e.g., c.609G > A (p.Trp203Ter), c.567dupT (p.Ile190fs)) and six mutation types of the MMUT gene (e.g., c.729_730insT (p.Asp244fs)) were found for methylmalonic acidemia. We also found 11 mutations in six genes: PCCB, IVD, GCDH, MCCC1, SLC22A5, and ACADS in this region. This study combined tandem mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing technology for the screening and diagnosis of IEM. The study provides effective clinical guidance, and the data provide a basis for expanding newborn screening, genetic screening, and IEM gene consultation in Xinjiang, China.

{"title":"Spectrum analysis of inborn errors of metabolism for expanded newborn screening in Xinjiang, China.","authors":"Jingying Zhu, Li Han, Pingjingwen Yang, Ziyi Feng, Shuyuan Xue","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18173","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To determine the disease spectrum and genetic characteristics of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) in Xinjiang province in the northwest of China, 41,690 newborn babies were screening by tandem mass spectrometry from November 2018 to December 2021. Of these, 57 newborn babies were referred for genetic analysis by next-generation sequencing, which was validated by Sanger sequencing. A total of 36 newborn babies and one relative were diagnosed with IEM, and the overall positive predictive value was 29.03%. The overall incidence of IEM in Xinjiang was 1:1,158 (36/41,690). The incidence of amino acidemias, organic acidemias, and fatty acid oxidation disorder were 1:1,668 (25/41,690), 1:4,632 (9/41,690), and 1:20,845 (2/41,690), respectively. Phenylketonuria and methylmalonic acidemia were the two most common inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), accounting for 83% (30/36) of all confirmed cases. Some hotspot mutations were observed for several IEMs, including <i>PAH</i> gene c.158G > A (p.Arg53His) and c.688G > A (p.Val230Ile) for hyperphenylalaninemia. Four mutation types of the <i>MMACHC</i> gene (<i>e.g</i>., c.609G > A (p.Trp203Ter), c.567dupT (p.Ile190fs)) and six mutation types of the <i>MMUT</i> gene (<i>e.g</i>., c.729_730insT (p.Asp244fs)) were found for methylmalonic acidemia. We also found 11 mutations in six genes: <i>PCCB, IVD, GCDH, MCCC1, SLC22A5</i>, and <i>ACADS</i> in this region. This study combined tandem mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing technology for the screening and diagnosis of IEM. The study provides effective clinical guidance, and the data provide a basis for expanding newborn screening, genetic screening, and IEM gene consultation in Xinjiang, China.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of CD47 in immune escape of colon cancer and its correlation with heterogeneity of tumor immune microenvironment.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18579
Qiu-Si Tian, ChunMei Zhang, Zhi-Jun Bao, ZhiGang Pei

Background: Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47), a transmembrane protein, plays a critical role in regulating cellular functions and maintaining immune homeostasis. Its expression has been shown to influence cancer prognosis. In this study, we investigated the role of CD47 in tumor progression in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and evaluated its potential as a target for immunotherapy.

Materials and methods: We analyzed surgical samples from 96 COAD patients. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 90 samples, while the remaining 6 were subjected to multiplex immunofluorescence. To explore the association between CD47 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, we integrated transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus using R software. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and Kaplan-Meier plotter were utilized to assess the relationship between CD47 expression, patient prognosis, and immune infiltration. Furthermore, the single-cell Tumor Immune System Interaction Database was used to examine the correlation between CD47 expression and the tumor microenvironment (TME). All included patients gave oral and written informed consent. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of 3201 Hospital (full name: Medical Ethics Committee of 3201 Hospital).

Results: CD47 was found to be overexpressed in various tumors, including COAD. Higher CD47 expression was significantly associated with more advanced tumor stages, including TNM staging, T staging, and N staging (P < 0.05). A robust correlation was observed between CD47 expression and immune cell infiltration in COAD. Patients with elevated CD47 expression tended to have longer disease-free intervals, although this benefit was diminished in cases with high infiltration of M1 macrophages. The immunosuppressive function of CD47 primarily acted through the CD47/SIRPα pathway. Additionally, distinct cellular compositions and distributions were identified between primary and metastatic COAD, underscoring the heterogeneity of the TME. CD47 also influenced the TME by modulating cytokine and cytokine receptor interactions.

Conclusion: CD47 represents a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential target for immunotherapy in COAD. These findings provide new insights into therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the TME and improving patient outcomes.

{"title":"The role of CD47 in immune escape of colon cancer and its correlation with heterogeneity of tumor immune microenvironment.","authors":"Qiu-Si Tian, ChunMei Zhang, Zhi-Jun Bao, ZhiGang Pei","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18579","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47), a transmembrane protein, plays a critical role in regulating cellular functions and maintaining immune homeostasis. Its expression has been shown to influence cancer prognosis. In this study, we investigated the role of CD47 in tumor progression in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and evaluated its potential as a target for immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed surgical samples from 96 COAD patients. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 90 samples, while the remaining 6 were subjected to multiplex immunofluorescence. To explore the association between CD47 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, we integrated transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus using R software. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and Kaplan-Meier plotter were utilized to assess the relationship between CD47 expression, patient prognosis, and immune infiltration. Furthermore, the single-cell Tumor Immune System Interaction Database was used to examine the correlation between CD47 expression and the tumor microenvironment (TME). All included patients gave oral and written informed consent. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of 3201 Hospital (full name: Medical Ethics Committee of 3201 Hospital).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CD47 was found to be overexpressed in various tumors, including COAD. Higher CD47 expression was significantly associated with more advanced tumor stages, including TNM staging, T staging, and N staging (<i>P</i> < 0.05). A robust correlation was observed between CD47 expression and immune cell infiltration in COAD. Patients with elevated CD47 expression tended to have longer disease-free intervals, although this benefit was diminished in cases with high infiltration of M1 macrophages. The immunosuppressive function of CD47 primarily acted through the CD47/SIRP<i>α</i> pathway. Additionally, distinct cellular compositions and distributions were identified between primary and metastatic COAD, underscoring the heterogeneity of the TME. CD47 also influenced the TME by modulating cytokine and cytokine receptor interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CD47 represents a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential target for immunotherapy in COAD. These findings provide new insights into therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the TME and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A review of fossil scorpion higher systematics.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18557
Jason A Dunlop, Russell J Garwood

Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) are a diverse and widespread arachnid order with a rich and deep fossil record. Here we review the, sometimes complex, historical development of fossil scorpion higher classification. We present a chronological account of family and genus names, together with an overview of higher taxa as potential clade names. In 1884 Thorell & Lindström divided scorpions based on whether the legs were short and pointed (Apoxypoda) or ended in paired claws (Dionychopoda). Pocock in 1911 used the morphology of the ventral mesosomal sclerites, which could either be bilobed (Lobosterni) or of a modern configuration (Orthosterni). Petrunkevitch in 1949 attached importance to a putative first opisthosomal tergite being present (Protoscorpionina) or absent (Euscorpionina). Kjellesvig-Waering in 1986 recognised four major groups (Holosternina, Meristosternina, Lobosternina and Bilobosternina) based on the shape of the ventral mesosomal sclerites. The Stockwell/Jeram schemes from the 1980s and 1990s proposed a cladistic progression from early branching lineages, for which the names Protoscorpiones and Palaeoscorpiones were used, towards Scorpiones sensu stricto defined by the presence of book lungs and coxapophyses. Scorpiones was further divided into Mesoscorpionina and Neoscorpionina. Neoscorpions were characterised by a reduced number of lateral eye lenses and comprise the paleosterns, with marginal lung spiracles, and orthosterns with spiracles in the middle of the sternite. We briefly discuss the merits of these alternatives and present a summary of the current higher classification of scorpions. Forty-three extinct family groups are currently recognised, and of the 24 living families seven have fossil representatives. Including incertae sedis taxa, there are 76 extinct genera and five extant genera with fossil representatives. Both modern parvorders, Buthida and Iurida, were potentially present in the Triassic. Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Chactidae and perhaps Hormuridae have been reported from the Cretaceous. Euscorpiidae are known from the Palaeogene and Scorpionidae has potential (but unconfirmed) records from the Neogene. Given the complexity of this history and the present taxonomy of the group, we hope this contribution provides a first step towards simplifying fossil scorpion systematics.

{"title":"A review of fossil scorpion higher systematics.","authors":"Jason A Dunlop, Russell J Garwood","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18557","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) are a diverse and widespread arachnid order with a rich and deep fossil record. Here we review the, sometimes complex, historical development of fossil scorpion higher classification. We present a chronological account of family and genus names, together with an overview of higher taxa as potential clade names. In 1884 Thorell & Lindström divided scorpions based on whether the legs were short and pointed (Apoxypoda) or ended in paired claws (Dionychopoda). Pocock in 1911 used the morphology of the ventral mesosomal sclerites, which could either be bilobed (Lobosterni) or of a modern configuration (Orthosterni). Petrunkevitch in 1949 attached importance to a putative first opisthosomal tergite being present (Protoscorpionina) or absent (Euscorpionina). Kjellesvig-Waering in 1986 recognised four major groups (Holosternina, Meristosternina, Lobosternina and Bilobosternina) based on the shape of the ventral mesosomal sclerites. The Stockwell/Jeram schemes from the 1980s and 1990s proposed a cladistic progression from early branching lineages, for which the names Protoscorpiones and Palaeoscorpiones were used, towards Scorpiones <i>sensu stricto</i> defined by the presence of book lungs and coxapophyses. Scorpiones was further divided into Mesoscorpionina and Neoscorpionina. Neoscorpions were characterised by a reduced number of lateral eye lenses and comprise the paleosterns, with marginal lung spiracles, and orthosterns with spiracles in the middle of the sternite. We briefly discuss the merits of these alternatives and present a summary of the current higher classification of scorpions. Forty-three extinct family groups are currently recognised, and of the 24 living families seven have fossil representatives. Including <i>incertae sedis</i> taxa, there are 76 extinct genera and five extant genera with fossil representatives. Both modern parvorders, Buthida and Iurida, were potentially present in the Triassic. Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Chactidae and perhaps Hormuridae have been reported from the Cretaceous. Euscorpiidae are known from the Palaeogene and Scorpionidae has potential (but unconfirmed) records from the Neogene. Given the complexity of this history and the present taxonomy of the group, we hope this contribution provides a first step towards simplifying fossil scorpion systematics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association of vaccine intention against COVID-19 using the 5C Scale and its constructs: a Pima County, Arizona cross-sectional survey.
IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18316
Maiya G Block Ngaybe, Namoonga Mantina, Benjamin Pope, Veena Raghuraman, Jacob Marczak, Sonja Velickovic, Dominique Jordan, Mary Kinkade, Carlos Mario Perez-Velez, Beatrice J Krauss, Shailesh M Advani, Melanie Bell, Purnima Madhivanan

Background: Vaccine hesitancy has been ranked as one of the top 10 threats to global health by the World Health Organization. The 5C model (Confidence, Calculation of risk, Complacency, Collective Responsibility, and Constraints) and an accompanying tool to measure vaccine hesitancy, summarize several significant explanatory variables, and move beyond the most common explanatory variable, Confidence.

Methods: From January to May 2021, we administered a cross-sectional survey among adults in Pima County, Arizona in collaboration with the local health department to assess psychological antecedents to (i.e., psychological factors that lead to) COVID-19 vaccination using the 5C Scale. Participants were recruited virtually for the survey using multiple recruitment methods. Unadjusted and adjusted hierarchical ordinal logistic regressions were conducted to determine if the 5C variables had an association with intention to vaccinate (or intent to vaccinate) against COVID-19.

Results: Of the 1,823 participants who responded to the survey, 924 (76%) were included in the final analyses. Respondents were White (71%), non-Hispanic (59%), Female (68%), Liberal (37%) and Married (46%). The average age of the participants was 43.9 (±1.3) years. Based on the 5C Scale, Confidence (adjOR:3.64, CI [3.08-4.29]), Collective Responsibility (adjOR:1.94, CI [1.57-2.39]) and Complacency (adjOR:0.64, CI [0.51-0.80]) were significantly associated with intention to vaccinate against COVID-19.

Conclusion: Three of the five 5C variables were associated with the intention to vaccinate, two positively and one negatively. A limitation of the study was that the sample was not weighted to be representative of Pima County. Future research should focus on determining which interventions can bolster Confidence and Collective Responsibility attitudes in communities, while dampening Complacency, to better promote vaccine uptake.

{"title":"Association of vaccine intention against COVID-19 using the 5C Scale and its constructs: a Pima County, Arizona cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Maiya G Block Ngaybe, Namoonga Mantina, Benjamin Pope, Veena Raghuraman, Jacob Marczak, Sonja Velickovic, Dominique Jordan, Mary Kinkade, Carlos Mario Perez-Velez, Beatrice J Krauss, Shailesh M Advani, Melanie Bell, Purnima Madhivanan","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18316","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccine hesitancy has been ranked as one of the top 10 threats to global health by the World Health Organization. The 5C model (Confidence, Calculation of risk, Complacency, Collective Responsibility, and Constraints) and an accompanying tool to measure vaccine hesitancy, summarize several significant explanatory variables, and move beyond the most common explanatory variable, Confidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From January to May 2021, we administered a cross-sectional survey among adults in Pima County, Arizona in collaboration with the local health department to assess psychological antecedents to (<i>i.e</i>., psychological factors that lead to) COVID-19 vaccination using the 5C Scale. Participants were recruited virtually for the survey using multiple recruitment methods. Unadjusted and adjusted hierarchical ordinal logistic regressions were conducted to determine if the 5C variables had an association with intention to vaccinate (or intent to vaccinate) against COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,823 participants who responded to the survey, 924 (76%) were included in the final analyses. Respondents were White (71%), non-Hispanic (59%), Female (68%), Liberal (37%) and Married (46%). The average age of the participants was 43.9 (±1.3) years. Based on the 5C Scale, Confidence (adjOR:3.64, CI [3.08-4.29]), Collective Responsibility (adjOR:1.94, CI [1.57-2.39]) and Complacency (adjOR:0.64, CI [0.51-0.80]) were significantly associated with intention to vaccinate against COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Three of the five 5C variables were associated with the intention to vaccinate, two positively and one negatively. A limitation of the study was that the sample was not weighted to be representative of Pima County. Future research should focus on determining which interventions can bolster Confidence and Collective Responsibility attitudes in communities, while dampening Complacency, to better promote vaccine uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
PeerJ
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1