Pub Date : 2017-02-06DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000534
A. Sy, Nour Wf
Gum arabic is a complex, loose aggregate of sugars and hemicelluloses composed of Arabic acid nucleus connected with calcium, magnesium, potassium and sugars Arabinose, Galactose, and Rhamnose. It is found in mechanically ground or spray dried forms. The solubility varies between 2 h in the raw gum form and 20 min in spray dried form. This study tended to enhance the solubility by producing an instant soluble granulated form. The study was performed using atomized fluid bed drier. 50 kg of raw gum, subjected first to mechanical comminuting into powder, then treated with water by spraying at rate of 200 mL/min for 90 min. The inlet temperature was 70°C, and the outlet temperature was 40°C. The cabinet temperature was 40°C. Finally after water treatment process, the powder resized through Mesh size of 40 μm and the microbial test was done for the finished product. The solubility of the granulated instant soluble gum in room temperature was found to be less than 5 min compared to the spray dried form which is 20-30 min and 2 h for mechanical ground gum. The volume increased to three times compare to the mechanical form. It was concluded that granulation of gum under water spray significantly enhances the solubility and hence it is beneficial for uses in pharmaceutical technology. This study tended to produce a form of granulated gum which is easily soluble compared to the mechanically ground and spray dried forms.
{"title":"Enhancement of Gum Solubility by Single Process of Humidification and Drying (Granulation)","authors":"A. Sy, Nour Wf","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000534","url":null,"abstract":"Gum arabic is a complex, loose aggregate of sugars and hemicelluloses composed of Arabic acid nucleus connected with calcium, magnesium, potassium and sugars Arabinose, Galactose, and Rhamnose. It is found in mechanically ground or spray dried forms. The solubility varies between 2 h in the raw gum form and 20 min in spray dried form. This study tended to enhance the solubility by producing an instant soluble granulated form. \u0000The study was performed using atomized fluid bed drier. 50 kg of raw gum, subjected first to mechanical comminuting into powder, then treated with water by spraying at rate of 200 mL/min for 90 min. The inlet temperature was 70°C, and the outlet temperature was 40°C. The cabinet temperature was 40°C. Finally after water treatment process, the powder resized through Mesh size of 40 μm and the microbial test was done for the finished product. \u0000The solubility of the granulated instant soluble gum in room temperature was found to be less than 5 min compared to the spray dried form which is 20-30 min and 2 h for mechanical ground gum. The volume increased to three times compare to the mechanical form. \u0000It was concluded that granulation of gum under water spray significantly enhances the solubility and hence it is beneficial for uses in pharmaceutical technology. \u0000This study tended to produce a form of granulated gum which is easily soluble compared to the mechanically ground and spray dried forms.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74726104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-31DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000531
M. Rizk, E. Taha, M. El-Alamin, Yasmin M. Sayed
Three sensitive and validated chromatographic methods were developed for determination of Agomelatine (AGO) in the presence of its degradation products in drug substance and drug product. The first and second methods were normal thin layer chromatographic (NP-TLC) and reversed phase thin layer chromatographic (RP-TLC) methods. Mobile phase consisting of ethyl acetate-ammonia (33%)-methanol (8.5:0.5:1, v/v/v) was used for NP-TLC while for RP-TLC using 0.1% triethylamine (TEA): acetonitrile (60:40 v/v) at pH=2. The chromatograms were scanned at 230 and 280 nm and determined in the range of 0.1-4 and 0.3-4 μg/spot with mean percentage recovery of 99.89 ± 1.141 and 100.01 ± 1.062 for NP-TLC and RP-TLC respectively. The third method was Micellar Liquid Chromatographic (MLC) method using C18 column and a mobile phase consisting of 0.1 M Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), 15% butan-1-ol, 0.2% TEA in water adjusted to pH=3. The UV detection was achieved at 230 nm and determined in the range of 0.5-5 μg/mL with mean percentage recovery of 100.13 ± 0.970. The proposed methods were successfully applied as stability indicating methods under different stressed conditions according to the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The methods showed good selectivity, repeatability, linearity and sensitivity according to the evaluation of the validation parameters.
{"title":"Stability-Indicating Chromatographic Methods for Determination of Agomelatine in Drug Substance and Drug Product","authors":"M. Rizk, E. Taha, M. El-Alamin, Yasmin M. Sayed","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000531","url":null,"abstract":"Three sensitive and validated chromatographic methods were developed for determination of Agomelatine (AGO) in the presence of its degradation products in drug substance and drug product. The first and second methods were normal thin layer chromatographic (NP-TLC) and reversed phase thin layer chromatographic (RP-TLC) methods. Mobile phase consisting of ethyl acetate-ammonia (33%)-methanol (8.5:0.5:1, v/v/v) was used for NP-TLC while for RP-TLC using 0.1% triethylamine (TEA): acetonitrile (60:40 v/v) at pH=2. The chromatograms were scanned at 230 and 280 nm and determined in the range of 0.1-4 and 0.3-4 μg/spot with mean percentage recovery of 99.89 ± 1.141 and 100.01 ± 1.062 for NP-TLC and RP-TLC respectively. The third method was Micellar Liquid Chromatographic (MLC) method using C18 column and a mobile phase consisting of 0.1 M Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), 15% butan-1-ol, 0.2% TEA in water adjusted to pH=3. The UV detection was achieved at 230 nm and determined in the range of 0.5-5 μg/mL with mean percentage recovery of 100.13 ± 0.970. The proposed methods were successfully applied as stability indicating methods under different stressed conditions according to the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The methods showed good selectivity, repeatability, linearity and sensitivity according to the evaluation of the validation parameters.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80638253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-23DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000537
Y. Marcus
The preferential solvation of many drugs in binary solvent mixtures, as derived by means of the quasi-lattice quasi-chemical and the inverse Kirkwood-Buff integrals methods from solubility and other thermodynamic data, is reviewed. The preferences were described in terms of the local mole fractions of the solvent components in the solvation sphere of the drug molecule and their differences with respect to these mole fractions in the bulk: the preferential solvation parameters. When data were available at several temperatures these preferences were described in terms of the enthalpic and entropic contributions.
{"title":"Preferential Solvation of Drugs in Binary Solvent Mixtures","authors":"Y. Marcus","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000537","url":null,"abstract":"The preferential solvation of many drugs in binary solvent mixtures, as derived by means of the quasi-lattice quasi-chemical and the inverse Kirkwood-Buff integrals methods from solubility and other thermodynamic data, is reviewed. The preferences were described in terms of the local mole fractions of the solvent components in the solvation sphere of the drug molecule and their differences with respect to these mole fractions in the bulk: the preferential solvation parameters. When data were available at several temperatures these preferences were described in terms of the enthalpic and entropic contributions.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88983696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-23DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000535
M. Uddin, Suman Das, Mijan Nh, Al-amin, H. R. Bhuiyan
A new simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible UPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Reversed-phase Shim-pack XR-ODS (100 × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used to resolve the drugs utilizing a mixture of CH3OH and 5 mM NaH2PO4 as mobile phase at gradient program equilibrated initially by 56:44 (v/v). The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 0.20 mL min-1 with detection at 280 nm. 10 μL volume of sample was injected by the auto sampler. Separation was completed within 3.82 ± 0.03 minutes. For both drugs linear was obtained over a studied concentration range of 10 μg mL-1 with correlation coefficient 0.999. Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) for intra and inter day precision was <1.5% indicating the method’s good reproducibility. The mean recovery of the drug determination was 99.39%. LOD was found to be 0.025, 0.020 μg mL-1 for ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol, respectively. The proposed method might be applied for routine analysis of both drugs in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, no experimental evidences in favour of adverse pharmaceutical interaction were revealed in their concomitant use.
建立了一种简便、快速、准确、精密度高、重复性好的高效液相色谱(UPLC)同时测定环丙沙星和氯霉素含量的方法。采用反相Shim-pack XR-ODS (100 × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm)色谱柱，以CH3OH和5 mm NaH2PO4的混合物为流动相，梯度程序初始平衡为56:44 (v/v)，进行药物分离。流动相以0.20 mL min-1的流速泵送，检测波长为280 nm。自动进样器进样量为10 μL。分离在3.82±0.03分钟内完成。两种药物在10 μg mL-1的浓度范围内均呈线性关系，相关系数为0.999。日内、日间精密度的相对标准偏差(RSD) <1.5%，重复性好。平均加样回收率为99.39%。环丙沙星和氯霉素的检出限分别为0.025、0.020 μ mL-1。所提出的方法可用于原料药和制剂的常规分析。此外，没有实验证据表明，有利于不良药物相互作用，在他们的共同使用被揭示。
{"title":"Simultaneous Determination and Mutual Interaction Study of Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol in Concomitant Administration by a New UPLC Method","authors":"M. Uddin, Suman Das, Mijan Nh, Al-amin, H. R. Bhuiyan","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000535","url":null,"abstract":"A new simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible UPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Reversed-phase Shim-pack XR-ODS (100 × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used to resolve the drugs utilizing a mixture of CH3OH and 5 mM NaH2PO4 as mobile phase at gradient program equilibrated initially by 56:44 (v/v). The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 0.20 mL min-1 with detection at 280 nm. 10 μL volume of sample was injected by the auto sampler. Separation was completed within 3.82 ± 0.03 minutes. For both drugs linear was obtained over a studied concentration range of 10 μg mL-1 with correlation coefficient 0.999. Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) for intra and inter day precision was <1.5% indicating the method’s good reproducibility. The mean recovery of the drug determination was 99.39%. LOD was found to be 0.025, 0.020 μg mL-1 for ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol, respectively. The proposed method might be applied for routine analysis of both drugs in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, no experimental evidences in favour of adverse pharmaceutical interaction were revealed in their concomitant use.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79279733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-13DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000532
Haggag Rs, Belal Sf, Hewala, ElRouby Oa
A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of some selected sulfhydryl–containing drugs namely Acetylcysteine (ACS), Captopril (CAP) and Mesna (MSN). The method is based on the interaction of the drugs with potassium (5-sulfoxino) palladium II in alkaline medium in presence of magnesium ions, where the sulfhydryl group combines with palladium from the non-fluorescent potassium bis (5-sulfoxino) palladium II. The resulting 8-hydroxy-5-quinoline sulfonic acid coordinates with magnesium to form the fluorescent chelate that is a measure of the amount of sulfhydrl containing drug analyzed. The fluorescence intensity was measured at an emission wavelength of 485 nm, by excitation at 345 nm. All the experimental parameters affecting the reaction were studied and optimized. The proposed method was applicable over the concentration range of 0.04-0.44 μg/mL for the three drugs and was applied for their determination in bulk form and in pharmaceutical preparations without interference from common excipients. The assay results were statistically compared with those obtained from previously reported methods where no significant difference was found between them. The selectivity and the stability-indicating aspect of the proposed method were confirmed by preparing the disulphides of the studied drugs and applying the reaction to the parent drugs in presence of their disulphides where no interference was detected from these related substances. By virtue of its high sensitivity, the proposed method was also extended to analyze the drugs in spiked human plasma and urine.
{"title":"Spectrofluorimetric Estimation of Some Sulfhydryl – Containing Drugs by Demasking Reaction of the Palladium Chelate of 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-Sulfonic Acid","authors":"Haggag Rs, Belal Sf, Hewala, ElRouby Oa","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000532","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of some selected sulfhydryl–containing drugs namely Acetylcysteine (ACS), Captopril (CAP) and Mesna (MSN). The method is based on the interaction of the drugs with potassium (5-sulfoxino) palladium II in alkaline medium in presence of magnesium ions, where the sulfhydryl group combines with palladium from the non-fluorescent potassium bis (5-sulfoxino) palladium II. The resulting 8-hydroxy-5-quinoline sulfonic acid coordinates with magnesium to form the fluorescent chelate that is a measure of the amount of sulfhydrl containing drug analyzed. The fluorescence intensity was measured at an emission wavelength of 485 nm, by excitation at 345 nm. All the experimental parameters affecting the reaction were studied and optimized. The proposed method was applicable over the concentration range of 0.04-0.44 μg/mL for the three drugs and was applied for their determination in bulk form and in pharmaceutical preparations without interference from common excipients. The assay results were statistically compared with those obtained from previously reported methods where no significant difference was found between them. The selectivity and the stability-indicating aspect of the proposed method were confirmed by preparing the disulphides of the studied drugs and applying the reaction to the parent drugs in presence of their disulphides where no interference was detected from these related substances. By virtue of its high sensitivity, the proposed method was also extended to analyze the drugs in spiked human plasma and urine.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75259479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-09DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000529
S. Sunitha, K. Adinarayana, T. Pankaj, P. SravanthiReddy, G. Sonia, R. Nagarjun, C. VeerabhadraSwamy, D. Sujatha
Sutures are biomaterials regarded as a major cause of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs). Present work aims at a novel strategy to reduce nosocomial infections by coating sutures with antimicrobial drugs. Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) coated with antimicrobial drugs are well known for their antimicrobial activity. Hence, synthesis of gold nanoparticles by chemical reduction method followed by preparation of curcumin pegylated GNPs (CPGNPs) were carried out. The formation of the gold nanoparticles, thiolated gold nanoparticles (PGNPs) and CPGNPs was characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The average particle size and polydispersity index of drug conjugated gold NPs were found to be 147.8 nm ± 2.03 nm and 0.286 respectively. The plain sutures (purchased from local market) were coated with curcumin pegylated GNPs by dipping technique and characterized by SEM to ensure the coating of curcumin conjugated gold nanoparticles on plain sutures. The CPGNPs coated sutures were evaluated for mechanical properties, drug release studies, biocompatibility, haemo-compatibility, sensitization and for in vivo studies. Histopathology was also done to study the effect of coated sutures on inflammation and cell repair at the site of surgery. The optimized coated sutures exhibited sustained drug release for 4 days and the antibacterial activity of the coated sutures was noticed in comparison to the uncoated sutures. From in vivo studies, it was clearly evident that coated sutures healed the tissue much faster than the uncoated sutures and less inflammation was observed. The same was concluded by the histopathology reports. The successful designing and development of drug-coated biodegradable sutures highlight the applicability of novel technique of coating for effective reduction of SSIs during the hospital stay.
{"title":"Fabrication of Surgical Sutures Coated with Curcumin Loaded Gold Nanoparticles","authors":"S. Sunitha, K. Adinarayana, T. Pankaj, P. SravanthiReddy, G. Sonia, R. Nagarjun, C. VeerabhadraSwamy, D. Sujatha","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000529","url":null,"abstract":"Sutures are biomaterials regarded as a major cause of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs). Present work aims at a novel strategy to reduce nosocomial infections by coating sutures with antimicrobial drugs. Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) coated with antimicrobial drugs are well known for their antimicrobial activity. Hence, synthesis of gold nanoparticles by chemical reduction method followed by preparation of curcumin pegylated GNPs (CPGNPs) were carried out. The formation of the gold nanoparticles, thiolated gold nanoparticles (PGNPs) and CPGNPs was characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The average particle size and polydispersity index of drug conjugated gold NPs were found to be 147.8 nm ± 2.03 nm and 0.286 respectively. The plain sutures (purchased from local market) were coated with curcumin pegylated GNPs by dipping technique and characterized by SEM to ensure the coating of curcumin conjugated gold nanoparticles on plain sutures. The CPGNPs coated sutures were evaluated for mechanical properties, drug release studies, biocompatibility, haemo-compatibility, sensitization and for in vivo studies. Histopathology was also done to study the effect of coated sutures on inflammation and cell repair at the site of surgery. The optimized coated sutures exhibited sustained drug release for 4 days and the antibacterial activity of the coated sutures was noticed in comparison to the uncoated sutures. From in vivo studies, it was clearly evident that coated sutures healed the tissue much faster than the uncoated sutures and less inflammation was observed. The same was concluded by the histopathology reports. The successful designing and development of drug-coated biodegradable sutures highlight the applicability of novel technique of coating for effective reduction of SSIs during the hospital stay.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86453716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000576
E. Adewole
Objective and aim: the aim of the research work was to characterize the methanolic extract of C. papaya and then carried out the anti-diabetic inhibitory potential of the extract against Aldose Reductase enzymes.Materials and methodology: The C. papaya leaves were harvested fresh and air dried for five days at room temperature and blended into powdered form using electric blender. It was subsequently subjected to extraction using analytical grade of methanol solvent. Enzymatic reaction assays were performed using standard recommended protocol with slight modifications and the extract was characterized using Gc-Ms. Finally some of the identified compounds were screened for various degrees of drug characteristics using Online OSIRIS property explorer.Results: the IC50 value (1.22 ± 0.63 μg/mL) of ALR1 was better than the standard vaproic acid of IC50 (57.4 ± 10 μg/mL) and the IC50 (1.22+0.06 μg/mL) of ALR2 of the methanolic extract was better than the sorbinil standard IC50 (3.10 ± 0.20 μg/mL). The promising inhibitory aldose reductase may be due to the compounds present in the methanolic extract and these compounds include; phytol, Oxalic acid,6-ethyloct-3-yl isobutyl ester, 3,methyl-2-(2- oxopropyl)Furan, Carbonic acid, isobutyl undec-10-enyl ester, D-mannitol,1 decylsulfonyl and 1H-Imidazole,1(1- oxooctadecyl), these identified compounds possess different drug characteristics such as, solubility, mutagenic, irritability, H-bond acceptor and H-bond donor.Conclusion: The promising potent inhibitory activity of C. papaya showed that the plant leaves could be further researched into as alternative for resolving cataract eye problem associated with prolongs diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Characterization and Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Effect of Carica papaya Extract","authors":"E. Adewole","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000576","url":null,"abstract":"Objective and aim: the aim of the research work was to characterize the methanolic extract of C. papaya and then carried out the anti-diabetic inhibitory potential of the extract against Aldose Reductase enzymes.Materials and methodology: The C. papaya leaves were harvested fresh and air dried for five days at room temperature and blended into powdered form using electric blender. It was subsequently subjected to extraction using analytical grade of methanol solvent. Enzymatic reaction assays were performed using standard recommended protocol with slight modifications and the extract was characterized using Gc-Ms. Finally some of the identified compounds were screened for various degrees of drug characteristics using Online OSIRIS property explorer.Results: the IC50 value (1.22 ± 0.63 μg/mL) of ALR1 was better than the standard vaproic acid of IC50 (57.4 ± 10 μg/mL) and the IC50 (1.22+0.06 μg/mL) of ALR2 of the methanolic extract was better than the sorbinil standard IC50 (3.10 ± 0.20 μg/mL). The promising inhibitory aldose reductase may be due to the compounds present in the methanolic extract and these compounds include; phytol, Oxalic acid,6-ethyloct-3-yl isobutyl ester, 3,methyl-2-(2- oxopropyl)Furan, Carbonic acid, isobutyl undec-10-enyl ester, D-mannitol,1 decylsulfonyl and 1H-Imidazole,1(1- oxooctadecyl), these identified compounds possess different drug characteristics such as, solubility, mutagenic, irritability, H-bond acceptor and H-bond donor.Conclusion: The promising potent inhibitory activity of C. papaya showed that the plant leaves could be further researched into as alternative for resolving cataract eye problem associated with prolongs diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72934078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000574
Nesrin K. Ramadan, Mohamed Ta, Fouad Rm, Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
Five simple and sensitive methods were developed for the determination of cyclobenzapirine hcl (CB) in presence of its degradation product anthraquinone (AQ). Method A dual wavelength spectrophotometry (DW); where two wavelengths were selected for the drug 283 and 306 nm in such a way that the difference in absorbance was zero for its degradation. Method B ratio difference spectrophotometry (RD) was depended on measuring the ratio difference between 290 and 305 nm. Method C was depended on measuring the peak amplitude of the first derivative of the ratio spectra (1DD) at 282 and 306 nm. Method D Isoabsorptive Point (ISO) at 280 nm Coupled with Second Derivative (2D). Method E depending on spectrofluorimetric determination of cyclobenzapirine HCl through quenching of uranyl acetate with ʎexi 228 nm and ʎem at 458 nm. Linearties were obtained in concentration range 5 μg/ml – 30 μg/ml in case of methods A, B, C and D, while in case of methods E linearity was obtained in concentration range of 1 μg/ml –10 μg/ml. The five methods were found to be specific for CB in presence of different concentration % of its degradation product. The five proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of CB in Multirelax tablets. Statistical comparison between the results obtained by the proposed methods and that obtained by the official one for the determination of the drug was done, founding that there were no significant differences between them.
{"title":"Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric and Spectrofluorimetric Methods for the Determination of Cyclobenzaprine HCl","authors":"Nesrin K. Ramadan, Mohamed Ta, Fouad Rm, Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000574","url":null,"abstract":"Five simple and sensitive methods were developed for the determination of cyclobenzapirine hcl (CB) in presence of its degradation product anthraquinone (AQ). Method A dual wavelength spectrophotometry (DW); where two wavelengths were selected for the drug 283 and 306 nm in such a way that the difference in absorbance was zero for its degradation. Method B ratio difference spectrophotometry (RD) was depended on measuring the ratio difference between 290 and 305 nm. Method C was depended on measuring the peak amplitude of the first derivative of the ratio spectra (1DD) at 282 and 306 nm. Method D Isoabsorptive Point (ISO) at 280 nm Coupled with Second Derivative (2D). Method E depending on spectrofluorimetric determination of cyclobenzapirine HCl through quenching of uranyl acetate with ʎexi 228 nm and ʎem at 458 nm. Linearties were obtained in concentration range 5 μg/ml – 30 μg/ml in case of methods A, B, C and D, while in case of methods E linearity was obtained in concentration range of 1 μg/ml –10 μg/ml. The five methods were found to be specific for CB in presence of different concentration % of its degradation product. The five proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of CB in Multirelax tablets. Statistical comparison between the results obtained by the proposed methods and that obtained by the official one for the determination of the drug was done, founding that there were no significant differences between them.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"116 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90990814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000571
S. M. Soliman, H. M. El-Agizy, A. E. Bayoumi
New isocratic stability-indicating reversed phase UPLC method was developed for determination of two antidepressant drugs dapoxetine hydrochloride (DAP) and fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX) in the presence of their hydrolytic degradation products namely; (+)-N, N-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-propanolamine (DAP Deg I), N-methyl- 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl propyl amine (FLX DegI), α, α, α-Trifluorotoluene (FLX Deg II) and application in their pharmaceutical dosage forms. UPLC method using small sub-1.8 μm particle was developed for separation and determination of the selected drugs using Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 (50 mm x 2.1 mm i.d., 1.8 μm) column. Upon using UPLC, the run time could be reduced 5-fold and the solvents consumption decreased 10 tims. Quantification is achieved by detection wavelength at 210 nm, based on peak area. The linear ranges were 0.05-100 μg/mL and 0.30-100 μg/mL with LOD of 0.01 and 0.09 μg mL-1 and mean recoveries of 99.41 ± 1.02 and 100.05 ± 0.89 for DAPand FLX, respectively, the developed method was successfully applied to analysis of DAP and FLX in bulk powder, laboratory-prepared mixtures containing different percentages of degradation products and pharmaceutical dosage forms. UPLC method was also directed to investigate the degradation kinetic processes of both drugs. It was followed pseudo-first order reactions with a degradation reaction rate constant (k) of 0.0575 (h-1) and 0.965 (h-1) and half-life (t1/2) of 12.04 and 0.75 (h) for DAP and FLX, respectively. The degradation rate (k) obeyed Arrhenius equation and the activation energies were calculated. The degradation products (I-III) were separated by UPLC and subjected to MS spectrometry to confirm their structures and elucidate degradation pathway. The developed methods were validated as per ICH guidelines.
建立了抗抑郁药盐酸达泊西汀(DAP)和盐酸氟西汀(FLX)在水解降解产物存在下的测定方法。(+)- n, n -二甲基-1-苯基-3-丙醇胺(DAP DegI)， n -甲基-3-羟基-3-苯基丙胺(FLX DegI)， α， α， α-三氟甲苯(FLX Deg II)及其在药用剂型中的应用。采用Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 (50 mm x 2.1 mm id, 1.8 μm)色谱柱，建立亚1.8 μm小颗粒超高效液相色谱法对所选药物进行分离和测定。使用UPLC后，运行时间缩短了5倍，溶剂消耗减少了10倍。根据峰面积，通过210 nm的检测波长实现定量。该方法在0.05 ~ 100 μg/mL和0.30 ~ 100 μg/mL的线性范围内，检出限分别为0.01和0.09 μg mL-1，平均回收率分别为99.41±1.02和100.05±0.89。该方法成功地应用于粉末、不同降解产物百分比的实验室配制混合物和药物剂型中DAP和FLX的分析。采用超高效液相色谱法研究了两种药物的降解动力学过程。对DAP和FLX进行伪一级反应，降解速率常数(k)分别为0.0575 (h-1)和0.965 (h-1)，半衰期(t1/2)分别为12.04和0.75 (h)。降解速率k符合Arrhenius方程，并计算活化能。降解产物(I-III)经UPLC分离，质谱分析确定其结构并阐明降解途径。根据ICH指南对开发的方法进行了验证。
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Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000573
D. Korte, A. Grahovac, Andrej Jerkič, O. Vajdle, J. Anojčić, Guzsvány, B. Budic, M. Franko
The collinear dual beam thermal lens spectrometric (TLS) detection in batch mode (BM), as well as combined with the flow injection analysis (FIA), was applied to determine the colloidal silver in personal care products available in the public pharmacies and declared by producers to contain nanosilver at the level of 5-30 μg ml-1. It was found, that the examined samples contain mainly ionic silver (99% or more), whereas the colloidal form of silver is at the level of less than 1 μg ml-1. The TLS methods were confirmed to be fast, precise, highly accurate and highly sensitive with limits of quantitation of 0.30 ng ml-1 and 1.50 ng ml-1 and relative standard deviations not higher than 1.2% and 6.0% for BM- and FIA-TLS configuration, respectively. The developed TLS methods have nearly 60 times lower LOQ values concerning the colloidal silver determination than the classical spectrophotometric method. To verify the obtained results of the real sample analysis the total amount of ionic silver was determined by the use of ICP-OES technique.
采用共线双光束热透镜光谱法(TLS)批量检测，并结合流动注射分析法(FIA)，对公共药店销售的个人护理用品中纳米银的含量进行了检测，检测的纳米银含量为5 ~ 30 μg ml-1。结果发现，检测样品中离子银的含量主要在99%以上，而胶体银的含量低于1 μg ml-1。验证了TLS方法快速、精确、高准确度和高灵敏度，BM-和FIA-TLS配置的定量限分别为0.30 ng ml-1和1.50 ng ml-1，相对标准偏差分别不高于1.2%和6.0%。与传统的分光光度法相比，该方法测定胶体银的定量限降低了近60倍。为了验证实际样品分析的结果，用ICP-OES技术测定了离子银的总量。
{"title":"Speciation and Determination of Ionic and Trace-Level Colloidal Silver in Selected Personal Care Products by Thermal Lens Spectrometry","authors":"D. Korte, A. Grahovac, Andrej Jerkič, O. Vajdle, J. Anojčić, Guzsvány, B. Budic, M. Franko","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000573","url":null,"abstract":"The collinear dual beam thermal lens spectrometric (TLS) detection in batch mode (BM), as well as combined with the flow injection analysis (FIA), was applied to determine the colloidal silver in personal care products available in the public pharmacies and declared by producers to contain nanosilver at the level of 5-30 μg ml-1. It was found, that the examined samples contain mainly ionic silver (99% or more), whereas the colloidal form of silver is at the level of less than 1 μg ml-1. The TLS methods were confirmed to be fast, precise, highly accurate and highly sensitive with limits of quantitation of 0.30 ng ml-1 and 1.50 ng ml-1 and relative standard deviations not higher than 1.2% and 6.0% for BM- and FIA-TLS configuration, respectively. The developed TLS methods have nearly 60 times lower LOQ values concerning the colloidal silver determination than the classical spectrophotometric method. To verify the obtained results of the real sample analysis the total amount of ionic silver was determined by the use of ICP-OES technique.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79122277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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