Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176358
Muhammad Toseef Ijaz, Tarique Ali Shaikh, Aisha Shafiq, Muhammad Ali Khurram Shahzad, Sajid Ali, Khalid Saeed
Background: Due to human violence, perforation of the tympanic membrane is a frequent occurrence all over the world. The abrupt increase in air pressure in the external auditory canal is the pathophysiology of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation. Objective: To assess the causes and characteristics of traumatic Tympanic Membrane perforation in a tertiary care hospital Methodology: The current study was cross sectional study, conducted at the ENT Department of Sahara Medical College Narowal from January 2022 to July 2022. All the patients were examined by a sing ENT specialist and data was recorded on a pre-designed performa. All the analysis of data was done by IBM SPSS version 23. Results: In the current study, totally 80 patients were enrolled. There were 50 (62.5%) male patients while female patients were 30 (37.5%). The mean age in our study was 28 (4.29) years. The most common type of tympanic membrane perforation was slap in 56 (70%) patients followed by blast injury in 8 (10%) patients. On left side of ear, perforation of the Tympanic membrane was observed in 39 (48.75%) patients. Based on number of perforation, single perforation was observed in 72 (90%) patients while multiple perforations were observed in 8 (10%) patients. Conductive hearing loss was observed in 62 (77.5%) patients and Mild Hearing Loss was observed in 44 (55%) patients. Conclusion: Young males, particularly those between the ages of 18 and 30, often have traumatic tympanic membrane perforation. The most frequent cause of traumatic perforation was slap, which affects the left ear more frequently than the right ear. The most common type of hearing loss was conductive, and mild. Keywords: Causes; characteristics; Tympanic Membrane perforation
{"title":"Causes and Characteristics of Traumatic Tympanic Membrane Perforation in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Muhammad Toseef Ijaz, Tarique Ali Shaikh, Aisha Shafiq, Muhammad Ali Khurram Shahzad, Sajid Ali, Khalid Saeed","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176358","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to human violence, perforation of the tympanic membrane is a frequent occurrence all over the world. The abrupt increase in air pressure in the external auditory canal is the pathophysiology of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation. Objective: To assess the causes and characteristics of traumatic Tympanic Membrane perforation in a tertiary care hospital Methodology: The current study was cross sectional study, conducted at the ENT Department of Sahara Medical College Narowal from January 2022 to July 2022. All the patients were examined by a sing ENT specialist and data was recorded on a pre-designed performa. All the analysis of data was done by IBM SPSS version 23. Results: In the current study, totally 80 patients were enrolled. There were 50 (62.5%) male patients while female patients were 30 (37.5%). The mean age in our study was 28 (4.29) years. The most common type of tympanic membrane perforation was slap in 56 (70%) patients followed by blast injury in 8 (10%) patients. On left side of ear, perforation of the Tympanic membrane was observed in 39 (48.75%) patients. Based on number of perforation, single perforation was observed in 72 (90%) patients while multiple perforations were observed in 8 (10%) patients. Conductive hearing loss was observed in 62 (77.5%) patients and Mild Hearing Loss was observed in 44 (55%) patients. Conclusion: Young males, particularly those between the ages of 18 and 30, often have traumatic tympanic membrane perforation. The most frequent cause of traumatic perforation was slap, which affects the left ear more frequently than the right ear. The most common type of hearing loss was conductive, and mild. Keywords: Causes; characteristics; Tympanic Membrane perforation","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176393
Zia-Ur- Rehman, Muhammad Ibrahim
Objective: An endoscopic discectomy and a microdiscectomy for lumbar spine disc disease were compared in a randomized controlled trial. Material and Methods: This randomized controlled experiment study conducted at the tertiary care hospital of KPK from Jan 2021 to Jan 2022. The study comprised 40 patients suffering from low back discomfort that travels down their legs and who have prolapsed intervertebral discs at the L5-S1 and L4-L5 levels, as shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They varied in age from 12 to 64. Endoscopic/microscopic discectomy with fluoroscopic guidance was conducted while the patient was laying on his or her back under a general anesthetic. All patients were monitored who spending two hours in the recovery room after surgery before being transferred to the ward. All patients were clinically followed up for a year using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results: There were 22(55%) male patients and 18(45%) female patients, ranging in age from 12 to 64. On average, the patients were 52.5 years old. Thirteen (32.5%) and 27(67.5%) patients had prolapsed discs at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Patients in the endoscopic and microscopic discectomy groups both improved significantly in their analog visual ratings after surgery. Despite this, A less amount of postoperative pain medication was needed, a shorter length of stay in the hospital, and quicker mobility for the endoscopic discectomy group compared to the microscopic group. Conclusion: Both endoscopic and microdiscectomy are safe and equally effective procedures. Each of them is capable of relieving. Nonetheless, early mobility and decreased postoperative discomfort were advantages of the endoscopic discectomy. Keywords: Endoscopic Discectomy, Microscopic Discectomy, Lumbar Prolapse Disc, spinal surgery, Minimally invasive surgery
{"title":"Endoscopic Vs. Microscopic Discectomy for Single Level Lumber Prolaps Disc Patients","authors":"Zia-Ur- Rehman, Muhammad Ibrahim","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176393","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: An endoscopic discectomy and a microdiscectomy for lumbar spine disc disease were compared in a randomized controlled trial. Material and Methods: This randomized controlled experiment study conducted at the tertiary care hospital of KPK from Jan 2021 to Jan 2022. The study comprised 40 patients suffering from low back discomfort that travels down their legs and who have prolapsed intervertebral discs at the L5-S1 and L4-L5 levels, as shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They varied in age from 12 to 64. Endoscopic/microscopic discectomy with fluoroscopic guidance was conducted while the patient was laying on his or her back under a general anesthetic. All patients were monitored who spending two hours in the recovery room after surgery before being transferred to the ward. All patients were clinically followed up for a year using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results: There were 22(55%) male patients and 18(45%) female patients, ranging in age from 12 to 64. On average, the patients were 52.5 years old. Thirteen (32.5%) and 27(67.5%) patients had prolapsed discs at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Patients in the endoscopic and microscopic discectomy groups both improved significantly in their analog visual ratings after surgery. Despite this, A less amount of postoperative pain medication was needed, a shorter length of stay in the hospital, and quicker mobility for the endoscopic discectomy group compared to the microscopic group. Conclusion: Both endoscopic and microdiscectomy are safe and equally effective procedures. Each of them is capable of relieving. Nonetheless, early mobility and decreased postoperative discomfort were advantages of the endoscopic discectomy. Keywords: Endoscopic Discectomy, Microscopic Discectomy, Lumbar Prolapse Disc, spinal surgery, Minimally invasive surgery","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176396
M. Khan, Adnan Munir
Introduction: Trauma is a significant issue in both industrialized and developing nations. A significant risk factor for death in the young population is head injury Objective: To assess the outcomes of surgical treatment of depressed skull fractures Methodology: The current study was prospective study was done at Neurosurgery department of Khyber teaching Hospital Peshawar. The study duration was one years from March 2022 to March 2023. Causes of the depressed skull fracture, time since the injury, the kind of fracture, the location of the fracture, the reason for the fracture, the clinical state, and the CT scan results were noted. All patients had CT scans. DSF greater than 5 mm, disfiguring cosmetic fractures, and sinus fractures were surgically treated. The whole set of data was examined using SPSS 23.00. Results: In our study, totally 80 patients were enrolled. The male patients in our study were 58 (72.5%) whereas female patients were 22 (27.5%). In the outcomes based on GCS, completely recovered patients were 58 (72.5%) patients, 11 (13.75%) were moderately disabled, 8(10%) severely disabled whereas 2(2.5%) patients were demised. Conclusion: Trauma from depressed fractures is common in neurosurgical wards. One of the most important variables influencing outcome prediction is the neurologic state as indicated by the Glasgow coma scale. About two-thirds of patients who undergo surgical therapy of depressed skull fractures get successful results while one- third of patients are still classified as having severe disabilities. Complications, including death, are common after a depressed skull fracture. Keywords: Outcome; surgical treatment: depressed skull fractures
{"title":"A Study on Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Depressed Skull Fractures","authors":"M. Khan, Adnan Munir","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176396","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Trauma is a significant issue in both industrialized and developing nations. A significant risk factor for death in the young population is head injury Objective: To assess the outcomes of surgical treatment of depressed skull fractures Methodology: The current study was prospective study was done at Neurosurgery department of Khyber teaching Hospital Peshawar. The study duration was one years from March 2022 to March 2023. Causes of the depressed skull fracture, time since the injury, the kind of fracture, the location of the fracture, the reason for the fracture, the clinical state, and the CT scan results were noted. All patients had CT scans. DSF greater than 5 mm, disfiguring cosmetic fractures, and sinus fractures were surgically treated. The whole set of data was examined using SPSS 23.00. Results: In our study, totally 80 patients were enrolled. The male patients in our study were 58 (72.5%) whereas female patients were 22 (27.5%). In the outcomes based on GCS, completely recovered patients were 58 (72.5%) patients, 11 (13.75%) were moderately disabled, 8(10%) severely disabled whereas 2(2.5%) patients were demised. Conclusion: Trauma from depressed fractures is common in neurosurgical wards. One of the most important variables influencing outcome prediction is the neurologic state as indicated by the Glasgow coma scale. About two-thirds of patients who undergo surgical therapy of depressed skull fractures get successful results while one- third of patients are still classified as having severe disabilities. Complications, including death, are common after a depressed skull fracture. Keywords: Outcome; surgical treatment: depressed skull fractures","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Preeclampsia is a potentially fatal condition during pregnancy and following delivery. Numerous organs' functions can be influenced by preeclampsia. It is crucial, as this illness may be linked to abnormalities in thyroid function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and its association with hypertension in pregnant women. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit-I, Civil Hospital, Karachi, using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. The duration of the study was about six months from October 2022 till March 2023. A total of 80 pregnant women who were between the ages of 18 and 40, had gestational ages between 20 and 40 weeks, and had laboratory results that suggested hypothyroidism were included in this study. A chi-square test was applied to evaluate the association between maternal age, parity, gestational age, serum levels of TSH and T4 and pregnancy induced hypertension. Results: The study findings showed that most of the women 33(41.25%) were between 26 to 35 years of age. The mean age of the pregnant women was 29.43±4.64 years. The mean parity was 1.74±0.83 and the mean gestational age was 30.33±5.22 weeks, and the mean duration of hypothyroidism was 4.27±2.06 years. Concerning thyroid parameters, the mean T4 was 5.79±1.21 pmol/L, and the mean TSH was 6.28±2.03 mIU/L. Additionally, there was an insignificant association observed between pregnancy induced hypertension and maternal age, gestational age, parity, and thyroid hormone parameters. Conclusion: This study concluded that alterations in the thyroid function of pregnant women led to pregnancy induced hypertension. Only 25% of hypothyroid pregnant women had gestational hypertension. Furthermore, age, parity, gestational age, and thyroid parameters of pregnant women were insignificantly associated with pregnancy induced hypertension. Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension, hypothyroidism, gestational age.
{"title":"Frequency of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) in Patients Presenting with Hypothyroidism","authors":"Naveeda Atif, Javaria Imran, Erum Ilyas, Saira Jamsheed, Zakia Shakeel, Adnan Anwar","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176342","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Preeclampsia is a potentially fatal condition during pregnancy and following delivery. Numerous organs' functions can be influenced by preeclampsia. It is crucial, as this illness may be linked to abnormalities in thyroid function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and its association with hypertension in pregnant women. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit-I, Civil Hospital, Karachi, using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. The duration of the study was about six months from October 2022 till March 2023. A total of 80 pregnant women who were between the ages of 18 and 40, had gestational ages between 20 and 40 weeks, and had laboratory results that suggested hypothyroidism were included in this study. A chi-square test was applied to evaluate the association between maternal age, parity, gestational age, serum levels of TSH and T4 and pregnancy induced hypertension. Results: The study findings showed that most of the women 33(41.25%) were between 26 to 35 years of age. The mean age of the pregnant women was 29.43±4.64 years. The mean parity was 1.74±0.83 and the mean gestational age was 30.33±5.22 weeks, and the mean duration of hypothyroidism was 4.27±2.06 years. Concerning thyroid parameters, the mean T4 was 5.79±1.21 pmol/L, and the mean TSH was 6.28±2.03 mIU/L. Additionally, there was an insignificant association observed between pregnancy induced hypertension and maternal age, gestational age, parity, and thyroid hormone parameters. Conclusion: This study concluded that alterations in the thyroid function of pregnant women led to pregnancy induced hypertension. Only 25% of hypothyroid pregnant women had gestational hypertension. Furthermore, age, parity, gestational age, and thyroid parameters of pregnant women were insignificantly associated with pregnancy induced hypertension. Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension, hypothyroidism, gestational age.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The management of postoperative pain, especially following abdominal surgeries, remains a pivotal challenge in clinical practice. The utilization of a transabdominal plane (TAP) block has recently emerged as a promising technique in achieving effective postoperative pain control. This study aimed to rigorously evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the TAP block in comparison with a control group not receiving the block, employing standardized Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and additional postoperative analgesic requirements as the primary outcome measures. Methods: A total of 50 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to two groups: TAP block (n=25) and control (n=25). The TAP group received a specific dose of bupivacaine, while the control group received n/saline. Pain intensity was quantitatively assessed using VAS scores at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. The requirement for additional postoperative analgesics was also recorded and compared between groups. Results: The TAP block group demonstrated consistently and significantly lower VAS scores across all time intervals measured, with mean differences ranging from 1.7 to 2.7 (p<0.001). Additionally, the TAP block group required additional analgesics in only 20% of cases (95% CI: 7-33%), as opposed to 68% in the control group (95% CI: 49-87%), signifying a significant reduction of 48 percentage points (p<0.01, 95% CI of the difference: 28-68%). Conclusion: The research presented here illustrates the heightened effectiveness of the TAP block in managing pain compared to traditional methods for patients having abdominal surgery. The noteworthy decrease in VAS scores, along with the reduced requirement for extra post-surgery pain relief, highlights the TAP block's potential as an efficient method for controlling pain. Continued investigation is recommended to determine the best techniques and identify the specific patient groups that might gain the most from this innovative method, aiming to improve both comfort and recovery following surgery. Keywords: Elective C-section, VAS score, Abdominal surgery, Effectiveness
背景：术后疼痛的处理，尤其是腹部手术后的疼痛处理，仍然是临床实践中的一项关键挑战。最近，经腹平面（TAP）阻滞已成为有效控制术后疼痛的一种有前途的技术。本研究旨在采用标准化视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分和术后额外镇痛需求作为主要结果测量指标，严格评估经腹平面阻滞与未接受经腹平面阻滞的对照组相比的镇痛效果。方法将 50 名接受腹部手术的患者随机分配到两组：TAP阻滞组（25 人）和对照组（25 人）。TAP 组接受特定剂量的布比卡因，而对照组接受 n/saline。在术后 2、6、12 和 24 小时，使用 VAS 评分对疼痛强度进行定量评估。此外，还记录了术后额外镇痛药的需求量，并对各组进行了比较。结果：在所有测量时间间隔内，TAP阻滞组的 VAS 评分均持续显著降低，平均差异在 1.7 到 2.7 之间（p<0.001）。此外，TAP阻滞组仅有 20% 的病例（95% CI：7-33%）需要额外的镇痛剂，而对照组则有 68%（95% CI：49-87%）需要额外的镇痛剂，显著降低了 48 个百分点（P<0.01，95% CI 差异：28-68%）。结论本文介绍的研究表明，与传统方法相比，TAP 阻滞疗法在减轻腹部手术患者疼痛方面效果显著。值得注意的是，VAS 评分的降低以及术后额外止痛需求的减少，凸显了 TAP 阻滞作为一种有效止痛方法的潜力。我们建议继续进行研究，以确定最佳技术，并识别可能从这种创新方法中获益最多的特定患者群体，从而改善手术后的舒适度和恢复情况。关键词择期剖腹产 VAS评分 腹部手术 有效性
{"title":"Post OP Analgesic Effect of Transabdominal Block in Patients Undergoing Elective Ceaserian Section","authors":"Ayesha Saleem, Abdullah Saleem, Waqas Anjum, Yasmeen Azeem, Salma Sadia, Khushboo Chandio","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176361","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of postoperative pain, especially following abdominal surgeries, remains a pivotal challenge in clinical practice. The utilization of a transabdominal plane (TAP) block has recently emerged as a promising technique in achieving effective postoperative pain control. This study aimed to rigorously evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the TAP block in comparison with a control group not receiving the block, employing standardized Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and additional postoperative analgesic requirements as the primary outcome measures. Methods: A total of 50 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to two groups: TAP block (n=25) and control (n=25). The TAP group received a specific dose of bupivacaine, while the control group received n/saline. Pain intensity was quantitatively assessed using VAS scores at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. The requirement for additional postoperative analgesics was also recorded and compared between groups. Results: The TAP block group demonstrated consistently and significantly lower VAS scores across all time intervals measured, with mean differences ranging from 1.7 to 2.7 (p<0.001). Additionally, the TAP block group required additional analgesics in only 20% of cases (95% CI: 7-33%), as opposed to 68% in the control group (95% CI: 49-87%), signifying a significant reduction of 48 percentage points (p<0.01, 95% CI of the difference: 28-68%). Conclusion: The research presented here illustrates the heightened effectiveness of the TAP block in managing pain compared to traditional methods for patients having abdominal surgery. The noteworthy decrease in VAS scores, along with the reduced requirement for extra post-surgery pain relief, highlights the TAP block's potential as an efficient method for controlling pain. Continued investigation is recommended to determine the best techniques and identify the specific patient groups that might gain the most from this innovative method, aiming to improve both comfort and recovery following surgery. Keywords: Elective C-section, VAS score, Abdominal surgery, Effectiveness","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176372
A. Naz, Yasmeen Rasheed Bhutto, Kiran Memon, A. Bhutto, Rukhsana Saboor, Durgha Devi, Aamir Ramzan, Kiran Aamir
Objective: Aim was determine the association between blood transfusion and hepatitis C infection during pregnancy. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration: Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah. Feb 2021-Jan 2022 Methods: Total 171 pregnant women of age 18-40 years were presented in this study. The patient's age, parity, and other risk factors such as previous operations, vaginal births, and transfusions were recorded, and a thorough physical examination was conducted. Anti HCV positivity on Immunochromatography Test (ICT) was confirmed by Elisa in patients undergoing normal prenatal evaluation. The data collection process followed a carefully crafted proforma. To examine the information, we used SPSS 22.0. Results: Among 171 patients, 82 (47.95%) females had age 18-25 years, 57 (33.3%) patients had age 26-35 years and 32 (18.7%) females had age 36-40 years. 75 (43.6%) cases had BMI >25kg/m2. 49 (28.7%) cases were primigravida and rest 120 (71.3%) cases were multi-gravida. We found 15 (8.8%) cases of HCV positive. Among 15 cases, 8 cases had history of blood transfusion, 3 had history of surgery, 2 cases because of injections and 2 cases had jaundice. Among 15 positive cases, majority of the cases had age 26-35 years. Conclusion: We found in this that blood transfusion is a significantly risk factor for HCV among pregnant females. There is need to educated pregnant females at institution to avoid its prevalence during pregnancy. Keywords: Pregnant Females, Blood transfusion, HCV, Parity
{"title":"Investigating the Association between Blood Transfusion and Hepatitis C infection During Pregnancy","authors":"A. Naz, Yasmeen Rasheed Bhutto, Kiran Memon, A. Bhutto, Rukhsana Saboor, Durgha Devi, Aamir Ramzan, Kiran Aamir","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176372","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Aim was determine the association between blood transfusion and hepatitis C infection during pregnancy. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration: Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah. Feb 2021-Jan 2022 Methods: Total 171 pregnant women of age 18-40 years were presented in this study. The patient's age, parity, and other risk factors such as previous operations, vaginal births, and transfusions were recorded, and a thorough physical examination was conducted. Anti HCV positivity on Immunochromatography Test (ICT) was confirmed by Elisa in patients undergoing normal prenatal evaluation. The data collection process followed a carefully crafted proforma. To examine the information, we used SPSS 22.0. Results: Among 171 patients, 82 (47.95%) females had age 18-25 years, 57 (33.3%) patients had age 26-35 years and 32 (18.7%) females had age 36-40 years. 75 (43.6%) cases had BMI >25kg/m2. 49 (28.7%) cases were primigravida and rest 120 (71.3%) cases were multi-gravida. We found 15 (8.8%) cases of HCV positive. Among 15 cases, 8 cases had history of blood transfusion, 3 had history of surgery, 2 cases because of injections and 2 cases had jaundice. Among 15 positive cases, majority of the cases had age 26-35 years. Conclusion: We found in this that blood transfusion is a significantly risk factor for HCV among pregnant females. There is need to educated pregnant females at institution to avoid its prevalence during pregnancy. Keywords: Pregnant Females, Blood transfusion, HCV, Parity","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176378
Hamid Iqbal, Saeed Ur Rehman, Abdurrazaq, Ali Abbas Khan, Mazhar Ali, Fawad Ul Haq
Introduction: The foetal cardiovascular system is teratogenically affected by maternal diabetes. Because of this, cardiovascular abnormalities are the most prevalent anomaly in children of diabetes moms. Despite improvements in the medical care provided during pregnancy to diabetic mothers, a cardiac complication in their infants is still more frequent than in infants of the general population. Objectives: to quantify the prevalence of congenital cardiac problems in offspring of diabetes moms. Materials & Methods: this-Cross-sectional-study conducted in the Departments of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Ayub Medical College and Hospital, Abbottabad . from Jan 7 2021, to Jun 6 2021. A total of 111 full-term neonates born to diabetic mothers were included. Premature babies and other congenital anomalies were excluded. After taking consent and detailed history, all the neonates included in the study were sent for (Echocardiography) at the cardiac division of Abbottabad's Ayub Teaching Hospital. In the same department, echocardiography was conducted by the same cardiologist. Neonatal congenital heart disease was treated in hospitals. Results: Mean age was 3.35 ± 1.29 days (Table I). The mean maternal age was 38.64 ± 1.37 weeks. Out of the 111 patients, 79 (71.17%) were male, and Females made up 32 (28.19%), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.5:1. The average newborn weighed 3.93 1.62 kg. In this research, I discovered that 43 (38.74%) children with a mother who has diabetes had congenital cardiac disease. Conclusion: This study has shown the prevalence of congenital cardiac abnormalities, with patent ductus arteriosus being the most prevalent abnormality among children born to diabetic moms. Keywords: congenital heart defects, diabetic mothers, patent ductus arteriosus. Births in the US, whereas just 2% of pregnancies in Faisalabad have diabetes.Teratogenic
{"title":"Frequency of Congenital Cardiac Conditions in Children Born to Diabetic Moms","authors":"Hamid Iqbal, Saeed Ur Rehman, Abdurrazaq, Ali Abbas Khan, Mazhar Ali, Fawad Ul Haq","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176378","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The foetal cardiovascular system is teratogenically affected by maternal diabetes. Because of this, cardiovascular abnormalities are the most prevalent anomaly in children of diabetes moms. Despite improvements in the medical care provided during pregnancy to diabetic mothers, a cardiac complication in their infants is still more frequent than in infants of the general population. Objectives: to quantify the prevalence of congenital cardiac problems in offspring of diabetes moms. Materials & Methods: this-Cross-sectional-study conducted in the Departments of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Ayub Medical College and Hospital, Abbottabad . from Jan 7 2021, to Jun 6 2021. A total of 111 full-term neonates born to diabetic mothers were included. Premature babies and other congenital anomalies were excluded. After taking consent and detailed history, all the neonates included in the study were sent for (Echocardiography) at the cardiac division of Abbottabad's Ayub Teaching Hospital. In the same department, echocardiography was conducted by the same cardiologist. Neonatal congenital heart disease was treated in hospitals. Results: Mean age was 3.35 ± 1.29 days (Table I). The mean maternal age was 38.64 ± 1.37 weeks. Out of the 111 patients, 79 (71.17%) were male, and Females made up 32 (28.19%), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.5:1. The average newborn weighed 3.93 1.62 kg. In this research, I discovered that 43 (38.74%) children with a mother who has diabetes had congenital cardiac disease. Conclusion: This study has shown the prevalence of congenital cardiac abnormalities, with patent ductus arteriosus being the most prevalent abnormality among children born to diabetic moms. Keywords: congenital heart defects, diabetic mothers, patent ductus arteriosus. Births in the US, whereas just 2% of pregnancies in Faisalabad have diabetes.Teratogenic","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176388
Akhtar Hussain, Sardar Ali, Ihsan Ullah, R. Hussain, Amir Sultan, Ejaz Hassan Khan
Background: Vascular access infections among dialysis patients are becoming the major concerns that contribute to a significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Proper management and care must be planned according to the standard protocols for the prevention of these infections. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices of dialysis staff regarding vascular access infection control in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on dialysis staff including nurses and technicians (n=58). All hemodialysis staff (Nurses and Technician) was included in the study who were regularly working in dialysis unit and had at least 6 months of dialysis unit experience. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire and checklist with its proper validation. Data was analyzed through SPSS Version-20 for its proper presentation. Results: The finding of the study showed that around 44.94% of the questions were corrected by the nurses and technician on the knowledge assessment questionnaire while looking into their practices 28.5% of the correct practices were followed by them. Additionally it was found that private sector hospital nurses and technician scored more than public sector hospitals in knowledge and practices. Practical implication: It is one of the main responsibilities of the dialysis unit staff to have knowledge regarding vascular access infections. So based on their knowledge, they will maintain the aseptic protocol while practicing, which will ensure a low infection rate and prevent the patient from complications that will improve the patient's experience and reduce the length of stay. Conclusion: It is concluded from the research findings that nurses and technician knowledge and practices are not sufficient to prevent the vascular access infections; therefore they must be trained for the provision of best possible care among the dialysis patients. Keywords: Knowledge, Practice, Vascular Access, Infections, Dialysis, Nurse, Technicians
{"title":"Knowledge and Practices of Dialysis Unit Staff Regarding the Care and Management of Vascular Access Infections","authors":"Akhtar Hussain, Sardar Ali, Ihsan Ullah, R. Hussain, Amir Sultan, Ejaz Hassan Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176388","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vascular access infections among dialysis patients are becoming the major concerns that contribute to a significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Proper management and care must be planned according to the standard protocols for the prevention of these infections. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices of dialysis staff regarding vascular access infection control in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on dialysis staff including nurses and technicians (n=58). All hemodialysis staff (Nurses and Technician) was included in the study who were regularly working in dialysis unit and had at least 6 months of dialysis unit experience. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire and checklist with its proper validation. Data was analyzed through SPSS Version-20 for its proper presentation. Results: The finding of the study showed that around 44.94% of the questions were corrected by the nurses and technician on the knowledge assessment questionnaire while looking into their practices 28.5% of the correct practices were followed by them. Additionally it was found that private sector hospital nurses and technician scored more than public sector hospitals in knowledge and practices. Practical implication: It is one of the main responsibilities of the dialysis unit staff to have knowledge regarding vascular access infections. So based on their knowledge, they will maintain the aseptic protocol while practicing, which will ensure a low infection rate and prevent the patient from complications that will improve the patient's experience and reduce the length of stay. Conclusion: It is concluded from the research findings that nurses and technician knowledge and practices are not sufficient to prevent the vascular access infections; therefore they must be trained for the provision of best possible care among the dialysis patients. Keywords: Knowledge, Practice, Vascular Access, Infections, Dialysis, Nurse, Technicians","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176346
Asma Ameer, Huma Waqar, Shanza Ayub, Aqsa Ilyas, Bilal Umar, Sara Khan
Background: Diastasis recti is the divarication of rectus abdominal muscles due to the splitting of the mid-line collagen structure called the linea alba. It results in poor body biomechanics and alteration in the center of gravity of the body. It occurs mostly in multiparous females and in those who have poorly toned abdominal musculature. Physical activity and maternal care are significant to resolve this condition. Objective: The purpose of the study is to substantiate the prevalence of diastasis recti in a sample of immediate post-partum females attended by the Allied Hospital of Faisalabad. The aim is to create awareness of DRAM in clinical settings and the general population. Study design: This is a cross-sectional study that included 90 samples of females in the immediate postpartum period. Methodology: Specific assessment was done by finger-width method manually and confirmed the presence of DRAM. The umbilical region was the set point from which measurements were taken. Results and Conclusions: The separation was present and mostly affected the multiparous females. The study showed 63.3% prevalence and normal rectus abdominis is 36.7%. It also verified that 42.2% of females suffered from DRAM above the navel out of 63.3% and the rest are below the umbilicus. DRAM was prevalent to be in the majority of post-partum females. It was more present in the supra-umbilical region. Keywords: Pregnancy, rectus abdominis, multiparous, primiparous, physiotherapy.
{"title":"Prevalence of Diastasis Recti Abdominis in a Gynecological Population: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Asma Ameer, Huma Waqar, Shanza Ayub, Aqsa Ilyas, Bilal Umar, Sara Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176346","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diastasis recti is the divarication of rectus abdominal muscles due to the splitting of the mid-line collagen structure called the linea alba. It results in poor body biomechanics and alteration in the center of gravity of the body. It occurs mostly in multiparous females and in those who have poorly toned abdominal musculature. Physical activity and maternal care are significant to resolve this condition. Objective: The purpose of the study is to substantiate the prevalence of diastasis recti in a sample of immediate post-partum females attended by the Allied Hospital of Faisalabad. The aim is to create awareness of DRAM in clinical settings and the general population. Study design: This is a cross-sectional study that included 90 samples of females in the immediate postpartum period. Methodology: Specific assessment was done by finger-width method manually and confirmed the presence of DRAM. The umbilical region was the set point from which measurements were taken. Results and Conclusions: The separation was present and mostly affected the multiparous females. The study showed 63.3% prevalence and normal rectus abdominis is 36.7%. It also verified that 42.2% of females suffered from DRAM above the navel out of 63.3% and the rest are below the umbilicus. DRAM was prevalent to be in the majority of post-partum females. It was more present in the supra-umbilical region. Keywords: Pregnancy, rectus abdominis, multiparous, primiparous, physiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176365
Naeem Ullah, Hina Shaukat, Syed Abdullah, Nisar Ahmed Khan, Akhtar Zada, Fida Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Younas, Subhan Iqbal
Introduction: Chronic liver disease is characterized by multi-nutrient deficiency. The propensity for individuals to have vitamin D insufficiency is greater in comparison to other essential minerals. Fibrosis results in a decline in the liver's ability to perform synthetic functions ultimately leading to lack of vitamin D due to poor activation caused by drop in proteins binding the vitamin. The situation is exacerbated by the decrease in productivity and the presence of nutritional deficiencies. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive research was carried out in the Department of Medicine at DHQ Teaching Hospital Haripur spanning from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022. The study population consisted of individuals between the ages of 40 and 70 years who were diagnosed with chronic liver disease. The concentration of vitamin D was assessed in blood samples obtained from patients at the hospital laboratory. The established threshold for identifying vitamin D insufficiency is a blood vitamin D level below 30 nmol/L. Data analysis was performed using statistical software SPSS version 24. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 40 to 70 years. The mean age of the patients was 53.40 years with standard deviation 12.194. Age wise distribution revealed 60.1% patients (n = 89) in the age group 40-55 years and 39.9% participants (n = 59) had age 56-70 years. The number of male participants were 94 (63.5%). Vitamin deficiency was observed in 64.9% patients (n = 96). The association of vitamin D deficiency with disease duration, child class and gender were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The potential association between vitamin D insufficiency and the extent of liver function impairment, degree of fibrosis, and susceptibility to infection consequences suggests that it may serve as a valuable prognostic indicator and diagnostic tool. Additional research is required to thoroughly assess and substantiate the significance of vitamin D in the context of liver cirrhosis. This necessitates the undertaking of extensive prospective cohort studies and randomized trials. Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, Chronic Liver Disease (CLD)
导言慢性肝病的特点是多种营养素缺乏。与其他必需矿物质相比，维生素 D 缺乏的可能性更大。肝纤维化导致肝脏合成功能下降，最终导致维生素 D 缺乏，因为结合维生素的蛋白质减少导致活化不良。生产率的下降和营养缺乏症的存在加剧了这种情况。材料和方法：本描述性研究于 2022 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日在哈里普尔 DHQ 教学医院医学系进行。研究对象包括年龄在 40 岁至 70 岁之间的慢性肝病患者。医院实验室对患者血液样本中的维生素 D 浓度进行了评估。确定维生素 D 不足的阈值是血液中维生素 D 含量低于 30 nmol/L。数据分析采用 SPSS 24 版统计软件进行。结果患者年龄从 40 岁到 70 岁不等。患者的平均年龄为 53.40 岁，标准偏差为 12.194。年龄分布显示，60.1%的患者（89 人）年龄在 40-55 岁之间，39.9%的患者（59 人）年龄在 56-70 岁之间。男性患者人数为 94 人（63.5%）。64.9%的患者（96 人）存在维生素缺乏症。维生素 D 缺乏与病程、儿童等级和性别的关系具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论维生素 D 缺乏与肝功能损害程度、肝纤维化程度和感染后果易感性之间的潜在关联表明，维生素 D 可作为一种有价值的预后指标和诊断工具。要彻底评估和证实维生素 D 在肝硬化中的重要性，还需要进行更多的研究。这就需要开展广泛的前瞻性队列研究和随机试验。关键词维生素 D 缺乏 慢性肝病（CLD）
{"title":"Prevalence and Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Individuals Diagnosed with Chronic Liver Disease","authors":"Naeem Ullah, Hina Shaukat, Syed Abdullah, Nisar Ahmed Khan, Akhtar Zada, Fida Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Younas, Subhan Iqbal","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176365","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic liver disease is characterized by multi-nutrient deficiency. The propensity for individuals to have vitamin D insufficiency is greater in comparison to other essential minerals. Fibrosis results in a decline in the liver's ability to perform synthetic functions ultimately leading to lack of vitamin D due to poor activation caused by drop in proteins binding the vitamin. The situation is exacerbated by the decrease in productivity and the presence of nutritional deficiencies. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive research was carried out in the Department of Medicine at DHQ Teaching Hospital Haripur spanning from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022. The study population consisted of individuals between the ages of 40 and 70 years who were diagnosed with chronic liver disease. The concentration of vitamin D was assessed in blood samples obtained from patients at the hospital laboratory. The established threshold for identifying vitamin D insufficiency is a blood vitamin D level below 30 nmol/L. Data analysis was performed using statistical software SPSS version 24. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 40 to 70 years. The mean age of the patients was 53.40 years with standard deviation 12.194. Age wise distribution revealed 60.1% patients (n = 89) in the age group 40-55 years and 39.9% participants (n = 59) had age 56-70 years. The number of male participants were 94 (63.5%). Vitamin deficiency was observed in 64.9% patients (n = 96). The association of vitamin D deficiency with disease duration, child class and gender were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The potential association between vitamin D insufficiency and the extent of liver function impairment, degree of fibrosis, and susceptibility to infection consequences suggests that it may serve as a valuable prognostic indicator and diagnostic tool. Additional research is required to thoroughly assess and substantiate the significance of vitamin D in the context of liver cirrhosis. This necessitates the undertaking of extensive prospective cohort studies and randomized trials. Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, Chronic Liver Disease (CLD)","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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