Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175688
Mehwish Jabeen, Ghulam Haider, Sana Sehar, Berkha Rani, Sana Nasir, Muhammad Owais Khan, Sona Devi, Shumaila Nawaz Khan
Aim: Esophageal cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer deaths globally, has been linked to body mass index (BMI). Studies have shown varying associations between BMI and different subtypes of esophageal cancer, namely adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. However, there is limited literature from Pakistan on this topic. This study aims to investigate the association between BMI and the occurrence of esophageal cancer in a Pakistani population. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Oncology Department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Pakistan. Participants included patients over 18 years old with suspected adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. The study utilized a non-probability consecutive sampling technique, and data was collected using a predefined proforma. The association between BMI and types of esophageal carcinoma was analyzed using Chi-square tests. Results: The study found a statistically significant relationship between increasing BMI and the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conversely, a lower BMI was associated with a higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma. These findings align with existing literature that suggests different BMI associations with esophageal cancer subtypes. Conclusion: This study underscores the distinct relationships between BMI and different types of esophageal cancer. It highlights the importance of considering BMI as a factor in the risk assessment for esophageal cancer, particularly in the Pakistani population. Keywords: Esophageal Cancer, Body Mass Index (BMI), Adenocarcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma
{"title":"Association Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Occurrence of Esophageal Cancer","authors":"Mehwish Jabeen, Ghulam Haider, Sana Sehar, Berkha Rani, Sana Nasir, Muhammad Owais Khan, Sona Devi, Shumaila Nawaz Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175688","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Esophageal cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer deaths globally, has been linked to body mass index (BMI). Studies have shown varying associations between BMI and different subtypes of esophageal cancer, namely adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. However, there is limited literature from Pakistan on this topic. This study aims to investigate the association between BMI and the occurrence of esophageal cancer in a Pakistani population. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Oncology Department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Pakistan. Participants included patients over 18 years old with suspected adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. The study utilized a non-probability consecutive sampling technique, and data was collected using a predefined proforma. The association between BMI and types of esophageal carcinoma was analyzed using Chi-square tests. Results: The study found a statistically significant relationship between increasing BMI and the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conversely, a lower BMI was associated with a higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma. These findings align with existing literature that suggests different BMI associations with esophageal cancer subtypes. Conclusion: This study underscores the distinct relationships between BMI and different types of esophageal cancer. It highlights the importance of considering BMI as a factor in the risk assessment for esophageal cancer, particularly in the Pakistani population. Keywords: Esophageal Cancer, Body Mass Index (BMI), Adenocarcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"43 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175691
Mehwish Jabeen, Ghulam Haider, Sana Sehar, Berkha Rani, Sana Nasir, Muhammad Owais Khan, Sona Devi, Shumaila Nawaz Khan
Aim: This study aimed to assess the concordance rate between pre-operative radiological staging using CT imaging and postoperative pathological staging in patients with colon cancer. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Oncology Department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Pakistan, with ethical committee approval between February 2023 to July 2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma aged >18 receiving treatment at the center, while exclusion criteria comprised unconfirmed colon cancer, lack of consent, benign colonic polyps, metastatic cancer, chemotherapy recipients, and incomplete data. Sample size estimation yielded 227 patients. Recruitment used consecutive sampling, and data were collected using a predefined proforma. CT scans were performed, and T-stage was assessed by radiologists and pathologists. Histological analysis followed established guidelines, with final pathology serving as the gold standard. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of CT imaging was evaluated, with statistically significant concordance found between CT scans and histopathological diagnoses (p-value = 0.046). CT scans demonstrated a sensitivity of 57.14% for Stage I tumors and a specificity of 88.18% for Stage II-III tumors. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 13.3%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.48%, resulting in an overall accuracy of 87.22%. These findings suggest that CT imaging is valuable for identifying Stage II-III tumors, exhibiting good specificity and NPV, although sensitivity and PPV for Stage I tumors were comparatively lower. Chi-square testing confirmed the statistical significance of these results (p-value ≤ 0.05) Conclusion: This study highlights the utility of CT imaging in pre-operative staging of colon cancer, particularly for Stage II-III tumors, where it exhibits notable accuracy. However, improvements may be needed to enhance sensitivity and PPV for Stage I tumors. Keywords: Colon cancer, CT imaging, pathological staging, concordance rate, diagnostic accuracy.
{"title":"Concordance Rate of Pre-Operative Radiological Stage with Postoperative Pathological Stage in Colon Cancer","authors":"Mehwish Jabeen, Ghulam Haider, Sana Sehar, Berkha Rani, Sana Nasir, Muhammad Owais Khan, Sona Devi, Shumaila Nawaz Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175691","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to assess the concordance rate between pre-operative radiological staging using CT imaging and postoperative pathological staging in patients with colon cancer. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Oncology Department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Pakistan, with ethical committee approval between February 2023 to July 2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma aged >18 receiving treatment at the center, while exclusion criteria comprised unconfirmed colon cancer, lack of consent, benign colonic polyps, metastatic cancer, chemotherapy recipients, and incomplete data. Sample size estimation yielded 227 patients. Recruitment used consecutive sampling, and data were collected using a predefined proforma. CT scans were performed, and T-stage was assessed by radiologists and pathologists. Histological analysis followed established guidelines, with final pathology serving as the gold standard. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of CT imaging was evaluated, with statistically significant concordance found between CT scans and histopathological diagnoses (p-value = 0.046). CT scans demonstrated a sensitivity of 57.14% for Stage I tumors and a specificity of 88.18% for Stage II-III tumors. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 13.3%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.48%, resulting in an overall accuracy of 87.22%. These findings suggest that CT imaging is valuable for identifying Stage II-III tumors, exhibiting good specificity and NPV, although sensitivity and PPV for Stage I tumors were comparatively lower. Chi-square testing confirmed the statistical significance of these results (p-value ≤ 0.05) Conclusion: This study highlights the utility of CT imaging in pre-operative staging of colon cancer, particularly for Stage II-III tumors, where it exhibits notable accuracy. However, improvements may be needed to enhance sensitivity and PPV for Stage I tumors. Keywords: Colon cancer, CT imaging, pathological staging, concordance rate, diagnostic accuracy.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141108053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175677
Piryanka Goindani, Abdul Rehman, Aisha Siddiqa, Berkha Rani, Sona Devi, Aakash Ramchand
Aim: Genetic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are crucial for breast cancer risk assessment and treatment planning. Methods: This prospective observational study at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Pakistan, involved female breast cancer patients aged 18 or older. The sample size calculation was based on a 3.4% prevalence rate of BRCA mutations, aiming for a 95% confidence level. Data on demographic, clinical characteristics, and genetic testing for BRCA mutations were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Among the study participants, 10% exhibited BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The majority were diagnosed at stage 3 tumor development, with invasive ductal carcinoma being the predominant histological type. No significant familial predisposition to breast cancer was noted among the majority. Educational status and ethnicity showed varying associations with BRCA mutation presence. Conclusion: The study highlights a modest incidence of BRCA mutations among Pakistani breast cancer patients, underscoring the importance of genetic testing for risk assessment and targeted treatment. The findings support the need for comprehensive genetic screening programs in Pakistan, considering the diverse demographic and clinical characteristics of the population. Keywords: BRCA mutations, breast cancer, genetic testing, Pakistan, risk assessment, targeted treatment.
{"title":"The Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"Piryanka Goindani, Abdul Rehman, Aisha Siddiqa, Berkha Rani, Sona Devi, Aakash Ramchand","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175677","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Genetic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are crucial for breast cancer risk assessment and treatment planning. Methods: This prospective observational study at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Pakistan, involved female breast cancer patients aged 18 or older. The sample size calculation was based on a 3.4% prevalence rate of BRCA mutations, aiming for a 95% confidence level. Data on demographic, clinical characteristics, and genetic testing for BRCA mutations were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Among the study participants, 10% exhibited BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The majority were diagnosed at stage 3 tumor development, with invasive ductal carcinoma being the predominant histological type. No significant familial predisposition to breast cancer was noted among the majority. Educational status and ethnicity showed varying associations with BRCA mutation presence. Conclusion: The study highlights a modest incidence of BRCA mutations among Pakistani breast cancer patients, underscoring the importance of genetic testing for risk assessment and targeted treatment. The findings support the need for comprehensive genetic screening programs in Pakistan, considering the diverse demographic and clinical characteristics of the population. Keywords: BRCA mutations, breast cancer, genetic testing, Pakistan, risk assessment, targeted treatment.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"51 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Ovarian cancer is a significant gynecological malignancy, with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes contributing to its development and progression. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at JPMC Hospital, Karachi, over six months. It involved 159 women aged 18 to 75 years with histopathologically confirmed ovarian cancer. The study employed non-probability consecutive sampling and next-generation sequencing to identify BRCA mutations. Results: The study found a low percentage of participants with a family history of ovarian cancer, a few identified with BRCA1 mutations, none with BRCA2 alone, and a minor proportion with mutations in both genes, suggesting a higher incidence of non-mutation- associated ovarian cancer. Conclusion: The findings indicate a relatively low rate of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variations within those suffering from ovarian cancer in Pakistan, pointing to the need for further research to understand the genetic underpinning of ovarian carcinoma in this population and to develop targeted prevention and treatment strategies. Keywords: BRCA mutations, ovarian cancer, genetic testing, Pakistan, prevalence, cross- sectional study.
{"title":"Positivity of BRCA 1 & 2 Mutations in Ovarian Cancer","authors":"Piryanka Goindani, Ghulam Haider, Ammara, Faiza Mahar, Ahra Sami, Perah Manzoor, Monika Bai","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175681","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Ovarian cancer is a significant gynecological malignancy, with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes contributing to its development and progression. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at JPMC Hospital, Karachi, over six months. It involved 159 women aged 18 to 75 years with histopathologically confirmed ovarian cancer. The study employed non-probability consecutive sampling and next-generation sequencing to identify BRCA mutations. Results: The study found a low percentage of participants with a family history of ovarian cancer, a few identified with BRCA1 mutations, none with BRCA2 alone, and a minor proportion with mutations in both genes, suggesting a higher incidence of non-mutation- associated ovarian cancer. Conclusion: The findings indicate a relatively low rate of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variations within those suffering from ovarian cancer in Pakistan, pointing to the need for further research to understand the genetic underpinning of ovarian carcinoma in this population and to develop targeted prevention and treatment strategies. Keywords: BRCA mutations, ovarian cancer, genetic testing, Pakistan, prevalence, cross- sectional study.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"20 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) results from gastric contents moving into the esophagus, causing distressing symptoms and complications. Its prevalence has surged in the past two decades, notably in Asian countries. While nutritional management is common in clinical practice, definitive recommendations remain unclear. Few studies have explored the link between food and GERD. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 359 eligible subjects out of 405 participants. We employed purposive sampling, targeting medical students, teachers, and staff aged 18 to 60 from four universities. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 with a confidence interval of 95% and a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: Among participants, 56.5% were female, with an average age of 24.55. Notably, 70.4% tested positive for GERD. Trigger foods included oily (24.2%) and spicy (45.4%) items, while 24.2% reported no specific triggers. Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of dietary modifications in managing GERD symptoms. Tailoring diets to individual symptoms and adjusting meal size, timing, and composition offer more benefits than elimination diets, particularly focusing on smaller meals and avoiding late-night eating habits. Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), reflux, esophageal disease, diet, nutrition, food intake, heartburn, fast-food.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Factors on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Among the Student and Faculty of Public and Private Medical Universities of Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Sobia Memon, G. Maheshwari, Sunnela Bhai, Areeb Ahmed, Umair Ahmed, Manal Amer Ali, Areesha Asad, Omayma Asif","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175673","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) results from gastric contents moving into the esophagus, causing distressing symptoms and complications. Its prevalence has surged in the past two decades, notably in Asian countries. While nutritional management is common in clinical practice, definitive recommendations remain unclear. Few studies have explored the link between food and GERD. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 359 eligible subjects out of 405 participants. We employed purposive sampling, targeting medical students, teachers, and staff aged 18 to 60 from four universities. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 with a confidence interval of 95% and a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: Among participants, 56.5% were female, with an average age of 24.55. Notably, 70.4% tested positive for GERD. Trigger foods included oily (24.2%) and spicy (45.4%) items, while 24.2% reported no specific triggers. Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of dietary modifications in managing GERD symptoms. Tailoring diets to individual symptoms and adjusting meal size, timing, and composition offer more benefits than elimination diets, particularly focusing on smaller meals and avoiding late-night eating habits. Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), reflux, esophageal disease, diet, nutrition, food intake, heartburn, fast-food.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"40 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175684
Muhammad Zubair, Abdul Salam, Qamar Zaman, Aslam Latif, Amar Deep, Sara Ahmed
Aim: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant health concern worldwide, with a notable increase in prevalence in developing nations. Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) represents the most critical manifestation of CAD, often leading to high mortality rates. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a cornerstone treatment for patients with STEMI, but accessibility and affordability continue to be significant considerations, affecting outcomes. Methodology: A descriptive case series study was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes of primary PCI in patients with acute STEMI. The study encompassed a six-month period at a leading cardiology institute. Inclusion criteria were met by patients who received informed consent and underwent reperfusion therapy through established medical approaches. Data on key outcomes like acute stent thrombosis, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and mortality rates were meticulously collected and analyzed. Results: The study comprised 400 individuals with an average age in the late fifties, predominantly male. A fraction of patients experienced acute stent thrombosis and stroke, while a slightly higher percentage developed atrial fibrillation. Notably, mortality was observed in a modest percentage of the patients, with a higher incidence in those above sixty years of age. Conclusion: Primary PCI is an effective treatment for acute STEMI, yet the outcomes, particularly acute stent thrombosis, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and mortality, are considerably high among the elderly population. These findings underscore the need for targeted strategies to improve the prognosis for this age group. Keywords: Coronary artery disease, Primary percutaneous coronary intervention, Acute STEMI, Clinical outcomes, Cardiology, Treatment accessibility.
{"title":"Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Primary PCI in Patients with Acute STEMI","authors":"Muhammad Zubair, Abdul Salam, Qamar Zaman, Aslam Latif, Amar Deep, Sara Ahmed","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175684","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant health concern worldwide, with a notable increase in prevalence in developing nations. Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) represents the most critical manifestation of CAD, often leading to high mortality rates. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a cornerstone treatment for patients with STEMI, but accessibility and affordability continue to be significant considerations, affecting outcomes. Methodology: A descriptive case series study was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes of primary PCI in patients with acute STEMI. The study encompassed a six-month period at a leading cardiology institute. Inclusion criteria were met by patients who received informed consent and underwent reperfusion therapy through established medical approaches. Data on key outcomes like acute stent thrombosis, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and mortality rates were meticulously collected and analyzed. Results: The study comprised 400 individuals with an average age in the late fifties, predominantly male. A fraction of patients experienced acute stent thrombosis and stroke, while a slightly higher percentage developed atrial fibrillation. Notably, mortality was observed in a modest percentage of the patients, with a higher incidence in those above sixty years of age. Conclusion: Primary PCI is an effective treatment for acute STEMI, yet the outcomes, particularly acute stent thrombosis, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and mortality, are considerably high among the elderly population. These findings underscore the need for targeted strategies to improve the prognosis for this age group. Keywords: Coronary artery disease, Primary percutaneous coronary intervention, Acute STEMI, Clinical outcomes, Cardiology, Treatment accessibility.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"53 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141102942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs02023171114
Muhammad Aslam Rind, Fida Hussain, Maria Nazir, Saleem Rind
Background: PVT has a number of frequent causes, including cirrhosis of the liver, abdominal inflammation, tumour invasion, and thrombophilic disorders. Aim: To find out how frequently liver cirrhosis patients get portal vein thrombosis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study, Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan's from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021.One hundred and twenty eight patients were enrolled. The demographic information like age, sex, and body mass index were noted. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients and history of thromboembolism propensity were excluded. Both male and female patients with hepatic cirrhosis and age ranged from 20 to 50 were included. The monitoring of portal vein thrombosis, Doppler ultrasonography was performed on all patients. Results: There were 40(34.4%) female patients and 84(65.6%) male patients with average age was 51.95 7.54 years and BMI was 31.87 2.64 kg/m2. Seventy nine patients (61.7%) had hepatitis C, 50 patients (39.3%) had hepatitis B, 66 patients (51.6%) had diabetes mellitus, 81 patients (63.3%) had hyperlipidaemia, and 69 patients (57.9%) had hypertension. The prevalence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) was 81(63.3%), with 48(59.3%) of the cases involving men and 33 (40.7%) involving females. Of them, 25 patients (50%) had hepatitis B and 44 (55.7%) had hepatitis C. Conclusion: Patients with liver cirrhosis experienced portal vein thrombosis often, and hepatitis C patients made up the majority of those afflicted. Keywords: Thrombosis, Portal vein, Liver cirrhosis, thrombophilic disorders
{"title":"Assessment of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhotic Liver Patients","authors":"Muhammad Aslam Rind, Fida Hussain, Maria Nazir, Saleem Rind","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs02023171114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs02023171114","url":null,"abstract":"Background: PVT has a number of frequent causes, including cirrhosis of the liver, abdominal inflammation, tumour invasion, and thrombophilic disorders. Aim: To find out how frequently liver cirrhosis patients get portal vein thrombosis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study, Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan's from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021.One hundred and twenty eight patients were enrolled. The demographic information like age, sex, and body mass index were noted. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients and history of thromboembolism propensity were excluded. Both male and female patients with hepatic cirrhosis and age ranged from 20 to 50 were included. The monitoring of portal vein thrombosis, Doppler ultrasonography was performed on all patients. Results: There were 40(34.4%) female patients and 84(65.6%) male patients with average age was 51.95 7.54 years and BMI was 31.87 2.64 kg/m2. Seventy nine patients (61.7%) had hepatitis C, 50 patients (39.3%) had hepatitis B, 66 patients (51.6%) had diabetes mellitus, 81 patients (63.3%) had hyperlipidaemia, and 69 patients (57.9%) had hypertension. The prevalence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) was 81(63.3%), with 48(59.3%) of the cases involving men and 33 (40.7%) involving females. Of them, 25 patients (50%) had hepatitis B and 44 (55.7%) had hepatitis C. Conclusion: Patients with liver cirrhosis experienced portal vein thrombosis often, and hepatitis C patients made up the majority of those afflicted. Keywords: Thrombosis, Portal vein, Liver cirrhosis, thrombophilic disorders","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"183 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140458077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs02023171144
Muhammad Ali Lal Bux, T. Laique
Background: AR (allergic rhinitis) is a condition that causes chronic nasal mucosal inflammation. Among the regional signs of AR are sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal discomfort, and nasal congestion. AR places a considerable financial and social impact on both the person with AR and society. There is mounting evidence that AR may elevate inflammatory mediators throughout the body and raise the chance of developing asthma. Aim: To determine the degree to which Montelukast altered the symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma, as well as to estimate the proportion of participants who were adversely affected. The absolute eosinophil count and five essential asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms were assessed before and after therapy. Method: This was a randomized trial. This experiment at the Lahore General Hospital involved 204 participants with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Participants received either (budesonide) BD (256 mg) with (montelukast) MNT (10mg) + MNT for two weeks, or BD alone (256 mg). The data was entered and analysed in SPSS 23. Results:However, when compared to BD alone, BD + MNT demonstrated noticeably greater improvements in nasal blockage and itching. Both treatments greatly lessened the five primary symptoms as compared to the baseline. After two weeks of treatment, absolute eosinophil counts in BD + MNT significantly surpassed BD. Practical Implication: Asthma and allergic rhinitis are major problems nowadays. This investigation will help find better answers to this problem. BD+ MNT is a more successful treatment for this illness. Conclusion:BD + MNT therapy may be more efficient overall than BD monotherapy for those with asthma and allergic rhinitis, especially in lowering nasal obstruction, itching, and subclinical lower airway inflammation. The absolute eosinophil count can also be used to monitor a patient's response to treatment for allergic rhinitis. Keywords: Asthama, budesonide, montelukast, and allergic rhinitis. Key words: Montelukast, allergic rhinitis, Asthma, Emerging New Treatment Option
{"title":"Impact of Montelukast on Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma as Emerging New Treatment Option","authors":"Muhammad Ali Lal Bux, T. Laique","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs02023171144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs02023171144","url":null,"abstract":"Background: AR (allergic rhinitis) is a condition that causes chronic nasal mucosal inflammation. Among the regional signs of AR are sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal discomfort, and nasal congestion. AR places a considerable financial and social impact on both the person with AR and society. There is mounting evidence that AR may elevate inflammatory mediators throughout the body and raise the chance of developing asthma. Aim: To determine the degree to which Montelukast altered the symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma, as well as to estimate the proportion of participants who were adversely affected. The absolute eosinophil count and five essential asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms were assessed before and after therapy. Method: This was a randomized trial. This experiment at the Lahore General Hospital involved 204 participants with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Participants received either (budesonide) BD (256 mg) with (montelukast) MNT (10mg) + MNT for two weeks, or BD alone (256 mg). The data was entered and analysed in SPSS 23. Results:However, when compared to BD alone, BD + MNT demonstrated noticeably greater improvements in nasal blockage and itching. Both treatments greatly lessened the five primary symptoms as compared to the baseline. After two weeks of treatment, absolute eosinophil counts in BD + MNT significantly surpassed BD. Practical Implication: Asthma and allergic rhinitis are major problems nowadays. This investigation will help find better answers to this problem. BD+ MNT is a more successful treatment for this illness. Conclusion:BD + MNT therapy may be more efficient overall than BD monotherapy for those with asthma and allergic rhinitis, especially in lowering nasal obstruction, itching, and subclinical lower airway inflammation. The absolute eosinophil count can also be used to monitor a patient's response to treatment for allergic rhinitis. Keywords: Asthama, budesonide, montelukast, and allergic rhinitis. Key words: Montelukast, allergic rhinitis, Asthma, Emerging New Treatment Option","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140458394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To estimate the frequency of vascular loops in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in the otologic symptomized patients using CISS sequence on 3.0 Tesla MRI” in Pakistani populations. Methodology: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Military Hospital Rawalpindi from 12th April 2019 to 11th October 2019. One hundred patients of both genders between age of 20-60 years were presented with otologic symptoms i.e. tinnitus, dizziness and hearing loss (unilateral/bilateral) and advised MRI brain. Patients with any diagnosed arterial, venous and arterio-venous cause of otologic symptoms, severe claustrophobia and with internal cardiac pacemakers or any other metallic foreign body were excluded. Patients were undergone MRI brain on 3.0 Tesla. TIWS, T2WS and CISS sequences were taken along with post-contrast T1WS images. Results: There was 20 to 60 years of patients range of age having mean age of 38.38±12.05 years and majority of patients 65% between 20-40 years. There were 53(53%) males and 47(47%) females and having 1.2:1 ratio of male to female. Frequency of anterior inferior cerebellar artery vascular loops in the otologic symptomized patients using CISS sequence on 3.0 Tesla MRI was seen in 59(59%) patients. Conclusion: The frequency of anterior inferior cerebellar artery vascular loops in the otologic symptomized patients using CISS sequence on 3.0 Tesla MRI is very high. Keywords: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery vascular loops, Magnetic resonance imaging, Otologic symptoms
{"title":"Frequency of Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Vascular Loops Using CISS Sequence on 3.0T MRI in the Otologic Symptomized Patients","authors":"Humaira Riaz, Zainab Riaz, Ania Javed, Fizza Batool, Syeda Sanam Zahra, Sana Afzal Alvi","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs02023171135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs02023171135","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To estimate the frequency of vascular loops in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in the otologic symptomized patients using CISS sequence on 3.0 Tesla MRI” in Pakistani populations. Methodology: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Military Hospital Rawalpindi from 12th April 2019 to 11th October 2019. One hundred patients of both genders between age of 20-60 years were presented with otologic symptoms i.e. tinnitus, dizziness and hearing loss (unilateral/bilateral) and advised MRI brain. Patients with any diagnosed arterial, venous and arterio-venous cause of otologic symptoms, severe claustrophobia and with internal cardiac pacemakers or any other metallic foreign body were excluded. Patients were undergone MRI brain on 3.0 Tesla. TIWS, T2WS and CISS sequences were taken along with post-contrast T1WS images. Results: There was 20 to 60 years of patients range of age having mean age of 38.38±12.05 years and majority of patients 65% between 20-40 years. There were 53(53%) males and 47(47%) females and having 1.2:1 ratio of male to female. Frequency of anterior inferior cerebellar artery vascular loops in the otologic symptomized patients using CISS sequence on 3.0 Tesla MRI was seen in 59(59%) patients. Conclusion: The frequency of anterior inferior cerebellar artery vascular loops in the otologic symptomized patients using CISS sequence on 3.0 Tesla MRI is very high. Keywords: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery vascular loops, Magnetic resonance imaging, Otologic symptoms","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"354 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140458628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the NEWS2 and CURB-65 scores in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD, mortality during hospital stays is considered the gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study-design. Place and duration of study: Department of Chest Medicine, JPMC, Karachi, from September 25, 2020, to January 25, 2021. Two hundred and twelve patients of both genders were included who were admitted because of acute COPD exacerbations. The National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) and CURB-65 Score in the estimation and evaluation of hospital-related mortality were noted. Results: NEWS2 predicted 156(73.6%), CURB-65 predicted 72(34%) as high-risk patients, and in-hospital mortality was 39(18.4%). NEWS2 had shown sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 32.4%, diagnostic accuracy of 45%, PPV of 25.1%, and NPV of 100% as a prediction value of in-hospital mortality. CURB-65 had shown sensitivity of 76.9%, specificity of 75.7%, and diagnostic accuracy of 76%, PPV of 41.7%, and NPV of 93.6% as a prediction value of in-hospital mortality. Implication: It is recommended that individual analyses of these associated factors be performed in future studies for the formulation of novel, efficient scores that may be better predictors of mortality in AECOPD patients. Conclusion: Both of the scoring systems can be used for the purpose of AECOPD patients risk stratification as per clinicians’ preference and as the basic tools of assessment in a resource-poor country. Keywords: Acute exacerbation of COPD, NEWS2, CURB-65, In-hospital mortality
{"title":"Comparison of NEWS2 and CURB65 Score in Predicting Mortality of Hospitalized patients with AECOPD","authors":"Neelam Kumari, Aneel Kumar, Raniyah Akhter, Nausheen Saifullah","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs02023171141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs02023171141","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the NEWS2 and CURB-65 scores in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD, mortality during hospital stays is considered the gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study-design. Place and duration of study: Department of Chest Medicine, JPMC, Karachi, from September 25, 2020, to January 25, 2021. Two hundred and twelve patients of both genders were included who were admitted because of acute COPD exacerbations. The National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) and CURB-65 Score in the estimation and evaluation of hospital-related mortality were noted. Results: NEWS2 predicted 156(73.6%), CURB-65 predicted 72(34%) as high-risk patients, and in-hospital mortality was 39(18.4%). NEWS2 had shown sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 32.4%, diagnostic accuracy of 45%, PPV of 25.1%, and NPV of 100% as a prediction value of in-hospital mortality. CURB-65 had shown sensitivity of 76.9%, specificity of 75.7%, and diagnostic accuracy of 76%, PPV of 41.7%, and NPV of 93.6% as a prediction value of in-hospital mortality. Implication: It is recommended that individual analyses of these associated factors be performed in future studies for the formulation of novel, efficient scores that may be better predictors of mortality in AECOPD patients. Conclusion: Both of the scoring systems can be used for the purpose of AECOPD patients risk stratification as per clinicians’ preference and as the basic tools of assessment in a resource-poor country. Keywords: Acute exacerbation of COPD, NEWS2, CURB-65, In-hospital mortality","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"482 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140458505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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