E. Kruger, Ricardo Almeida, André Matias, P. La Roche, Marlon Mulhbauer, Gabriel de Bem
This study evaluates three shading configurations designed and tested in a preliminary stage of responsive shading device development. The strategy is based on trigonometric relationships focused on solar angles at any given moment. The configurations are thus related to the ratio of the window area shaded by a responsive brise-soleil that provides 0%, 50%, or 100% shading of the indoor space, based on the daylight needs and the indoor thermal control realized. Shading simulations were performed for Pomona, California (latitude 34.04°) for different seasons of the year. Simplified thermal simulations were run in EnergyPlus to estimate the effectiveness of the method in a full-scale environment of three shading modes (static shading device, seasonal shading, and responsive brise soleil). Comparisons were made relative to a ‘no shading’ condition to improve indoor comfort conditions. The results of the visual analysis demonstrated a higher shading efficiency for lower solar angles between the equinoxes and winter. In terms of comfort, the response brise soleil was found to be promising in locations with seasonal variations. The response was low in predominantly tropical climates. Therefore, the strategy can be used to better control indoor conditions. The extent of solar heat gain and the degree of work-task illuminance can be improved to improve comfort in naturally conditioned spaces. The extent of energy consumption can be reduced.
{"title":"Implementation of a Dynamic Thermal and Illuminance Control System in Responsive Façades: Shading Study","authors":"E. Kruger, Ricardo Almeida, André Matias, P. La Roche, Marlon Mulhbauer, Gabriel de Bem","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2203038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2203038","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates three shading configurations designed and tested in a preliminary stage of responsive shading device development. The strategy is based on trigonometric relationships focused on solar angles at any given moment. The configurations are thus related to the ratio of the window area shaded by a responsive brise-soleil that provides 0%, 50%, or 100% shading of the indoor space, based on the daylight needs and the indoor thermal control realized. Shading simulations were performed for Pomona, California (latitude 34.04°) for different seasons of the year. Simplified thermal simulations were run in EnergyPlus to estimate the effectiveness of the method in a full-scale environment of three shading modes (static shading device, seasonal shading, and responsive brise soleil). Comparisons were made relative to a ‘no shading’ condition to improve indoor comfort conditions. The results of the visual analysis demonstrated a higher shading efficiency for lower solar angles between the equinoxes and winter. In terms of comfort, the response brise soleil was found to be promising in locations with seasonal variations. The response was low in predominantly tropical climates. Therefore, the strategy can be used to better control indoor conditions. The extent of solar heat gain and the degree of work-task illuminance can be improved to improve comfort in naturally conditioned spaces. The extent of energy consumption can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115568315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mineral resources in the subsoil are classified as exhaustible. One of the ways to potentially replenish the sources of mineral resources is presented in the materials of these studies. In this article, we studied the natural formation in the bowels of the array of zones of high concentrations of compounds of useful components. We aimed to develop the technological methods of mass transfer and directed deposition of useful components. The technological transition of mineral resource extraction from the “gathering” paradigm to the “growing” paradigm is commonly performed by fluid filtration mass transfer in the near-surface region through the capillary system in the subsoil. In this article, we proposed a new technique for the upward capillary movement and extraction of useful components based on the framework of the new paradigm of “deposit growing”. This new approach focused on lifting useful components to the surface of the massif. The experiments and the associated results concerning the mass transfer of water-soluble compounds are presented here. Experiments were conducted on the kinetics and concentrations of fluids and sediments at physical and geochemical barriers. Natural materials of non-ferrous metal enrichment waste and artificial water-soluble compounds of non-ferrous metals were used. The results suggested the viability of the new methods proposed for the ascending filtration capillary rise of useful components present in the fluids. The technological methods presented in this article might help to expand the mineral resource base and increase the efficiency of the process. New processes for the development of new ore bodies on the surface of objects on the evaporation and geochemical barriers were experimentally validated in this article. Additionally, new technological solutions were proposed in the framework of the formation of new ore bodies before surface reclamation.
{"title":"The Technology of Upward Capillary Formation of Waste for Creating a Deposit before Land Reclamation","authors":"A. Mikhailov, I. Vashlaev","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2203037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2203037","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral resources in the subsoil are classified as exhaustible. One of the ways to potentially replenish the sources of mineral resources is presented in the materials of these studies. In this article, we studied the natural formation in the bowels of the array of zones of high concentrations of compounds of useful components. We aimed to develop the technological methods of mass transfer and directed deposition of useful components. The technological transition of mineral resource extraction from the “gathering” paradigm to the “growing” paradigm is commonly performed by fluid filtration mass transfer in the near-surface region through the capillary system in the subsoil. In this article, we proposed a new technique for the upward capillary movement and extraction of useful components based on the framework of the new paradigm of “deposit growing”. This new approach focused on lifting useful components to the surface of the massif. The experiments and the associated results concerning the mass transfer of water-soluble compounds are presented here. Experiments were conducted on the kinetics and concentrations of fluids and sediments at physical and geochemical barriers. Natural materials of non-ferrous metal enrichment waste and artificial water-soluble compounds of non-ferrous metals were used. The results suggested the viability of the new methods proposed for the ascending filtration capillary rise of useful components present in the fluids. The technological methods presented in this article might help to expand the mineral resource base and increase the efficiency of the process. New processes for the development of new ore bodies on the surface of objects on the evaporation and geochemical barriers were experimentally validated in this article. Additionally, new technological solutions were proposed in the framework of the formation of new ore bodies before surface reclamation.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125288326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regulating land use and the biodiversity of a region requires lasting accords between those who make the decisions and those who are affected by the rules and regulations. In Africa, these accords depend on the effectiveness of the collective efforts of the representatives of the legal authorities and the civil society (the traditional leaders in the tribal system). In this study, we investigated the role of tribal leaders in conserving biodiversity (which is a base for obtaining accords with statutory regulations), the value of biodiversity for the tribal communities, and the role of the interaction between tribal leaders and legal authorities in successfully implementing the objectives of biodiversity. Successful collaboration requires indigenous regulatory systems to be merged with existing modern or statutory laws to ensure sustainable land use, the conservation of natural resources, and the promotion of biodiversity. To examine this relationship, we conducted in-depth interviews with key stakeholders of the Gurune-speaking people in the Upper East Region of Ghana. We found that the indigenous people still preserve and apply the norms for conserving nature that they inherited. These findings highlighted the importance of including indigenous tribal authorities in planning strategies and developing policies and regulations. This collaboration ultimately creates a harmonious balance between nature and the social well-being of the community.
{"title":"The Role of Tribal Leaders/Traditional Leaders in Regulating Land Use and Biodiversity Among the Gurune-Speaking People of the Upper East Region in Ghana","authors":"R. Bardy, Helen Akolgo-Azupogo, A. Rubens","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2203036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2203036","url":null,"abstract":"Regulating land use and the biodiversity of a region requires lasting accords between those who make the decisions and those who are affected by the rules and regulations. In Africa, these accords depend on the effectiveness of the collective efforts of the representatives of the legal authorities and the civil society (the traditional leaders in the tribal system). In this study, we investigated the role of tribal leaders in conserving biodiversity (which is a base for obtaining accords with statutory regulations), the value of biodiversity for the tribal communities, and the role of the interaction between tribal leaders and legal authorities in successfully implementing the objectives of biodiversity. Successful collaboration requires indigenous regulatory systems to be merged with existing modern or statutory laws to ensure sustainable land use, the conservation of natural resources, and the promotion of biodiversity. To examine this relationship, we conducted in-depth interviews with key stakeholders of the Gurune-speaking people in the Upper East Region of Ghana. We found that the indigenous people still preserve and apply the norms for conserving nature that they inherited. These findings highlighted the importance of including indigenous tribal authorities in planning strategies and developing policies and regulations. This collaboration ultimately creates a harmonious balance between nature and the social well-being of the community.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117000237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Rivas, K. Swing, Esteban Suárez, A. Encalada, Alexander Hearn, Luis Sempértegui, Stella de la Torre, Jaime Chaves
The rights of nature have been widely discussed at a philosophical level for a long time, but examples of its practical application are quite rare. Ecuador is the first country to incorporate this concept into its constitutional foundation and put the theory into practice. However, implementing entirely justifiable rights of nature is hindered by factors, such as economic considerations, legal interpretations, cultural norms, political will, and disproportionate perspectives of “the greater good”. After getting opportunities for more than a decade to convert theoretical concepts into tangible results for nature, many doubts remain concerning the applied practicality of this ideology.
{"title":"Outcomes of Ecuador’s Rights of Nature for Nature’s Sake","authors":"G. Rivas, K. Swing, Esteban Suárez, A. Encalada, Alexander Hearn, Luis Sempértegui, Stella de la Torre, Jaime Chaves","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2203035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2203035","url":null,"abstract":"The rights of nature have been widely discussed at a philosophical level for a long time, but examples of its practical application are quite rare. Ecuador is the first country to incorporate this concept into its constitutional foundation and put the theory into practice. However, implementing entirely justifiable rights of nature is hindered by factors, such as economic considerations, legal interpretations, cultural norms, political will, and disproportionate perspectives of “the greater good”. After getting opportunities for more than a decade to convert theoretical concepts into tangible results for nature, many doubts remain concerning the applied practicality of this ideology.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132016793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of shopping malls causes a social, economic, and environmental impact. The bibliometric analysis is a valuable method used to dentify published research papers, and understand historic information published in scientific journals. This method can be used to carry out qualitative and quantitative analyses of scientific production on a specific subject. This analytical method primarily focuses on analyzing the bibliometric study of the solid waste management method used in shopping malls. A small number of studies on the management process used in shopping malls are reported. However, the last five years have seen a significant increase in the number of publications, and the papers are mostly reported from Europe and Asia. These publications are published in journals with high impact factors and are characterized by a Qualis/Capes grade [34]. Six groups were formed for similarity analyses, and the words waste, food, and environment were used for analysis. Five thematic sub-areas were identified. Based on the results, it was inferred that the waste management study conducted in shopping malls should be an object of research. This will help understand the processes and search for a way to improve the quality of the waste management process.
{"title":"Bibliometrics of Scientific Articles on Solid Waste Management in Shopping Malls (1999–2020)","authors":"Soraya Giovanetti El-Deir, Andre Cardim de Aguiar","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2203034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2203034","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of shopping malls causes a social, economic, and environmental impact. The bibliometric analysis is a valuable method used to dentify published research papers, and understand historic information published in scientific journals. This method can be used to carry out qualitative and quantitative analyses of scientific production on a specific subject. This analytical method primarily focuses on analyzing the bibliometric study of the solid waste management method used in shopping malls. A small number of studies on the management process used in shopping malls are reported. However, the last five years have seen a significant increase in the number of publications, and the papers are mostly reported from Europe and Asia. These publications are published in journals with high impact factors and are characterized by a Qualis/Capes grade [34]. Six groups were formed for similarity analyses, and the words waste, food, and environment were used for analysis. Five thematic sub-areas were identified. Based on the results, it was inferred that the waste management study conducted in shopping malls should be an object of research. This will help understand the processes and search for a way to improve the quality of the waste management process.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128052030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientific data are almost nonexistent regarding the health-protectiveness of most hazardous-waste-site remediation. Given this data-gap, recently the World Health Organization (WHO) urged scientists to develop methods of “cost-efficient health surveillance” of toxics’ cleanups, including any “illegal operations”. Following WHO, this article’s importance is to develop one such cost-efficient method. Given the assumption that remediators’-redevelopers’ public misrepresentations of their cleanups’ safety may warrant independently assessing the health-adequacy of their remediation, the article asks the question: “For US hazardous-waste sites, deemed by the courts ‘Imminent and Substantial Endangerment’ (ISE) health threats, are remediators’ public representations of testing-cleanup quality consistent with what their more private technical documents say?” The working hypothesis is that for representative toxic sites, remediators’-redevelopers’ public representations of cleanup often contradict their private technical documents. Using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) weight-of-evidence method, the article (1) develops 5 transparent, reproducible criteria for discovering representative, ISE-designated, US toxic-waste sites; (2) develops 3 transparent, reproducible criteria to discover remediators’-redevelopers’ public representations of their testing-cleanup; (3) uses these 3 criteria to discover what remediators’-redevelopers’ private or technical documents say about the health-adequacy of their testing/cleanup; (4) investigates whether any public representations in (2) contradict any of (3)’s private or technical documents; and (5) discusses the degree to which such contradictions, if any, suggest waste-site threats to health or environmental justice. Our results show that for the representative hazardous sites assessed, many remediator-redeveloper public guarantees of testing-cleanup quality contradict their private or technical documents. The discussion suggests that such contradictions likely violate EPA scientific-integrity regulations, threaten public health, jeopardize environmental justice, thus may require independent investigation of the adequacy of testing-cleanup. For representative, US toxic-waste sites, posing court-determined ISE, remediators’-developers’ public representations of testing-cleanup quality threaten health by often contradicting their private technical documents. The article closes by outlining two scientific strategies to promote health-protective, hazardous-waste testing/remediation.
{"title":"Health Risks from Supposedly Remediated US Hazardous-Waste Sites: An Early-Warning Signal","authors":"K. Shrader-Frechette","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2203032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2203032","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific data are almost nonexistent regarding the health-protectiveness of most hazardous-waste-site remediation. Given this data-gap, recently the World Health Organization (WHO) urged scientists to develop methods of “cost-efficient health surveillance” of toxics’ cleanups, including any “illegal operations”. Following WHO, this article’s importance is to develop one such cost-efficient method. Given the assumption that remediators’-redevelopers’ public misrepresentations of their cleanups’ safety may warrant independently assessing the health-adequacy of their remediation, the article asks the question: “For US hazardous-waste sites, deemed by the courts ‘Imminent and Substantial Endangerment’ (ISE) health threats, are remediators’ public representations of testing-cleanup quality consistent with what their more private technical documents say?” The working hypothesis is that for representative toxic sites, remediators’-redevelopers’ public representations of cleanup often contradict their private technical documents. Using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) weight-of-evidence method, the article (1) develops 5 transparent, reproducible criteria for discovering representative, ISE-designated, US toxic-waste sites; (2) develops 3 transparent, reproducible criteria to discover remediators’-redevelopers’ public representations of their testing-cleanup; (3) uses these 3 criteria to discover what remediators’-redevelopers’ private or technical documents say about the health-adequacy of their testing/cleanup; (4) investigates whether any public representations in (2) contradict any of (3)’s private or technical documents; and (5) discusses the degree to which such contradictions, if any, suggest waste-site threats to health or environmental justice. Our results show that for the representative hazardous sites assessed, many remediator-redeveloper public guarantees of testing-cleanup quality contradict their private or technical documents. The discussion suggests that such contradictions likely violate EPA scientific-integrity regulations, threaten public health, jeopardize environmental justice, thus may require independent investigation of the adequacy of testing-cleanup. For representative, US toxic-waste sites, posing court-determined ISE, remediators’-developers’ public representations of testing-cleanup quality threaten health by often contradicting their private technical documents. The article closes by outlining two scientific strategies to promote health-protective, hazardous-waste testing/remediation.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117340683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-rotor and fixed-wing drones are extensively used to collect the data needed for producing large-scale topographic maps and plans. Several types of drone products are available, and the most important one for surveyors is an orthophoto. Flight planning, the quality of the control data, the assessment of drone products, and the image processing software need to be considered when using thes e drones. In this study, we explained these concepts and discussed their theoretical and practical importance in providing standards and tools that might help drone users, surveyors, and others, in obtaining the products they desire. We also proposed a detailed methodology for evaluating the accuracy of the image processing products of the drones as aerial triangulation and orthophoto. We discussed the importance of the Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) and the ground control points to assess the absolute accuracy of the aerial triangulation of the images and the importance of performing statistical tests before evaluating the absolute horizontal accuracy of the orthophoto. The checkpoints measured using more accurate methods than drone photogrammetry were used for the assessment. In this study, we evaluated the dependence of the differences between the coordinates of these points and the coordinates of the corresponding points measured on the orthophoto based on a normal distribution, and the correlation between them, before applying international standards for determining the absolute horizontal accuracy of the orthophoto. An orthophoto covering 6.57 hectares with a horizontal accuracy of 0.362
{"title":"Assessment of Factors Affecting the Use of Drones in Map Production","authors":"Omar Alkhalil","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2203029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2203029","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-rotor and fixed-wing drones are extensively used to collect the data needed for producing large-scale topographic maps and plans. Several types of drone products are available, and the most important one for surveyors is an orthophoto. Flight planning, the quality of the control data, the assessment of drone products, and the image processing software need to be considered when using thes e drones. In this study, we explained these concepts and discussed their theoretical and practical importance in providing standards and tools that might help drone users, surveyors, and others, in obtaining the products they desire. We also proposed a detailed methodology for evaluating the accuracy of the image processing products of the drones as aerial triangulation and orthophoto. We discussed the importance of the Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) and the ground control points to assess the absolute accuracy of the aerial triangulation of the images and the importance of performing statistical tests before evaluating the absolute horizontal accuracy of the orthophoto. The checkpoints measured using more accurate methods than drone photogrammetry were used for the assessment. In this study, we evaluated the dependence of the differences between the coordinates of these points and the coordinates of the corresponding points measured on the orthophoto based on a normal distribution, and the correlation between them, before applying international standards for determining the absolute horizontal accuracy of the orthophoto. An orthophoto covering 6.57 hectares with a horizontal accuracy of 0.362","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127827673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the growing urbanisation phenomenon, ambitious policy interventions are needed to limit transport-related greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas. Cities are a predominant source of pollution, with urban transport contributing significantly to emissions. To address climate change, decision-makers must implement appropriate and effective mitigation instruments. This literature review focuses on the different approaches and supporting measures of urban transport land-use planning, such as mixed-used zoning plans and the compact city approach. These solutions can increase the modal shift towards zero emissions transport options. They can also reduce reliance on private vehicles and bring co-benefits and positive externalities to urban residents. Many barriers exist for policymakers, such as financial limitations or institutional immobility. Nevertheless, innovative approaches such as Artificial Intelligence and Mobility-as-a-service provide new perspectives for policymakers and can be helpful in the fight against climate change.
{"title":"The Role of Land Use Planning in Urban Transport to Mitigate Climate Change: A Literature Review","authors":"Thomas Deweerdt, A. Fabre","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2203033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2203033","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing urbanisation phenomenon, ambitious policy interventions are needed to limit transport-related greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas. Cities are a predominant source of pollution, with urban transport contributing significantly to emissions. To address climate change, decision-makers must implement appropriate and effective mitigation instruments. This literature review focuses on the different approaches and supporting measures of urban transport land-use planning, such as mixed-used zoning plans and the compact city approach. These solutions can increase the modal shift towards zero emissions transport options. They can also reduce reliance on private vehicles and bring co-benefits and positive externalities to urban residents. Many barriers exist for policymakers, such as financial limitations or institutional immobility. Nevertheless, innovative approaches such as Artificial Intelligence and Mobility-as-a-service provide new perspectives for policymakers and can be helpful in the fight against climate change.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116211488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thales Almeida Barbosa, M. C. Flores, Kátia Cecília de Souza Figueiredo
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) consist of a polymeric phase and a dispersed solid filler such as zeolites or carbon nanotubes. We prepared symmetric and asymmetric polysulfone-based MMMs containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT-O) for CO2/N2 separation. Maxwell’s model was used to predict the permeabilities of MMMs. The permeability achieved using the model exhibited a good fit of the model in symmetric MMMs, especially for CO2. This can be potentially attributed to the high affinity of the system toward the polymer matrix. The permeability recorded using Maxwell’s model could not reflect the properties of the asymmetric membranes, and this could be attributed to the generation of voids around the fillers or defects present on the surface of the skin. Finally, a mathematical fit was proposed to improve prediction accuracy for both the MMM systems.
{"title":"Modeling CO2 and N2 Permeation through Mixed Matrix Membranes Containing Oxygenated Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Polysulfone","authors":"Thales Almeida Barbosa, M. C. Flores, Kátia Cecília de Souza Figueiredo","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2203030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2203030","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) consist of a polymeric phase and a dispersed solid filler such as zeolites or carbon nanotubes. We prepared symmetric and asymmetric polysulfone-based MMMs containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT-O) for CO2/N2 separation. Maxwell’s model was used to predict the permeabilities of MMMs. The permeability achieved using the model exhibited a good fit of the model in symmetric MMMs, especially for CO2. This can be potentially attributed to the high affinity of the system toward the polymer matrix. The permeability recorded using Maxwell’s model could not reflect the properties of the asymmetric membranes, and this could be attributed to the generation of voids around the fillers or defects present on the surface of the skin. Finally, a mathematical fit was proposed to improve prediction accuracy for both the MMM systems.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121998255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karine Dornela Rosa, T. Zolnikov, Rodrigo Souza Leite, Sérgio Caldas, Job Alves de Souza Filho, Raquel Sampaio Jacob, Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease that is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and transmitted to humans and other mammals through the bites of infected female sandflies. VL has been prevalent in Minas Gerais, Brazil, since the 1940s. As the vector completes its reproductive cycle in the soil with organic matter, the association between the occurrence of VL and unimproved solid waste disposal sites has been investigated. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the relationship of waste disposal conditions, inadequacies in disposal, and waste collection with the rates of VL, using statistical regression models. A case-control study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between VL and waste management; sick individuals (cases) were compared to healthy individuals (control), to determine the cause, by constructing a multiple regression model to analyze data through a stepwise method. In Minas Gerais, according to the reports of the government in 2017, 60.1% of the urban population has access to an adequate final disposal system for urban solid waste, with an increase of 2.3% compared to the size of the disposal system in 2016. Thus, almost 40% of the population is forced to use poor or unimproved waste disposal sites. The results confirmed the direct relationship between VL and the unimproved disposal of solid waste in the municipalities (waste coverage collection: p = 0.004; waste found in the streets: p = 9.69 × 10–13). These rates also indicated that the proper management of wastes can help to combat VL by considerably reducing the breeding sites of sandflies, curbing adverse health effects, and improving the health of the population.
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