Pub Date : 2023-09-08eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/1021918
Tomoyasu Noguchi, Kento Odaka, Ken-Ichi Fukuda
The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is an established technique with a success rate of 60-80%; however, large errors have been reported among operators. Some dentists do not prefer to use IANB because of the risk of complications. Nevertheless, it is a useful technique for pain control, and a secure IANB offers significant benefits to operators and patients. This case series study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the "IANB Device," a nerve block guide for IANB, and the adverse events associated with its use in clinical practice. IANB was performed using the device on five patients who had undergone detailed computed tomography examination for chronic orofacial pain in the third division of the trigeminal nerve. Lidocaine 1% (1 mL, no adrenaline added) was used as the local anesthetic. IANB was performed by three dentists with 2, 5, and 11 years of experience in orofacial pain treatment. Thus, the data were collected in triplicate for each patient. The primary endpoints were whether adjustment of the IANB device was required, changes in the sensation threshold of the lower lip, the time to disappearance of pain, the presence or absence of tongue sensation ("Do you have numbness in your tongue?": "Yes/No"), and discomfort (visual analog scale). The incidence of any other adverse events was recorded. The procedure was judged to be successful if the pain disappeared and an elevation in the sensation threshold of the lower lip was observed. Adjustment of the IANB device was not required in any patient. A significant elevation in the sensation threshold of the lower lip and the disappearance of pain were observed in all patients. Three of the five patients reported experiencing tongue numbness. Discomfort with the use of the IANB device was less than 30 mm on the visual analog scale. No notable complications were observed. The appropriate type, concentration, and dosage of the local anesthetic must be considered during general dental treatment and oral surgical procedures. Our findings suggest that the IANB device is useful for eliminating errors between operators, enhancing safety, and improving the success rate.
{"title":"Clinical Application of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Device for Safe and Secure IANB by Any Operator.","authors":"Tomoyasu Noguchi, Kento Odaka, Ken-Ichi Fukuda","doi":"10.1155/2023/1021918","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1021918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is an established technique with a success rate of 60-80%; however, large errors have been reported among operators. Some dentists do not prefer to use IANB because of the risk of complications. Nevertheless, it is a useful technique for pain control, and a secure IANB offers significant benefits to operators and patients. This case series study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the \"IANB Device,\" a nerve block guide for IANB, and the adverse events associated with its use in clinical practice. IANB was performed using the device on five patients who had undergone detailed computed tomography examination for chronic orofacial pain in the third division of the trigeminal nerve. Lidocaine 1% (1 mL, no adrenaline added) was used as the local anesthetic. IANB was performed by three dentists with 2, 5, and 11 years of experience in orofacial pain treatment. Thus, the data were collected in triplicate for each patient. The primary endpoints were whether adjustment of the IANB device was required, changes in the sensation threshold of the lower lip, the time to disappearance of pain, the presence or absence of tongue sensation (\"Do you have numbness in your tongue?\": \"Yes/No\"), and discomfort (visual analog scale). The incidence of any other adverse events was recorded. The procedure was judged to be successful if the pain disappeared and an elevation in the sensation threshold of the lower lip was observed. Adjustment of the IANB device was not required in any patient. A significant elevation in the sensation threshold of the lower lip and the disappearance of pain were observed in all patients. Three of the five patients reported experiencing tongue numbness. Discomfort with the use of the IANB device was less than 30 mm on the visual analog scale. No notable complications were observed. The appropriate type, concentration, and dosage of the local anesthetic must be considered during general dental treatment and oral surgical procedures. Our findings suggest that the IANB device is useful for eliminating errors between operators, enhancing safety, and improving the success rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10504047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10655407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/2028379
Chanjuan Zhang, Xi Chen, Yi Yin, Dongfeng Xie, Jing Luo, Yinan Ai, Wenfeng Zhan, Hongjun Kan, Shuxian Zhang, Guihua Jiang, Xiquan Hu
Purpose: Deficits in voluntary activation of the core stabilizing muscles are consistently observed in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP); however, the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed at testing the hypothesis that the impaired voluntary activation of core stabilizing muscles is associated with structural and functional alterations in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cortex in patients with CLBP.
Methods: We obtained structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 53 patients with CLBP and 67 healthy controls and estimated the alterations in grey matter volume (GMV) and functional and effective connectivity (EC) of regions with altered GMV via whole brain analysis. The voluntary activation of the multifidus (MF) and transversus abdominis (TrA) was evaluated by ultrasound imaging in these patients.
Results: Compared with the HCs, they displayed a significant decrease in GMV in the bilateral thalamus and caudate nucleus, a significant increase in GMV in the left middle frontal gyrus, and increased resting-state functional connectivity between the right caudate nucleus and the bilateral precuneus (voxel-level p < 0.005, Gaussian random field-corrected p < 0.05). The patients also showed increased EC from the right caudate nucleus to the bilateral precuneus, which was significantly correlated with voluntary activation of the bilateral MF and TrA (all p < 0.050).
Conclusions: Grey matter alterations may be confined to regions responsible for perception, motor control, and emotion regulation in patients with CLBP. The interrupted EC from the basal ganglia to the default mode network might be involved in the impairment of voluntary activation of the core stabilizing muscles.
{"title":"Functional Alterations of the Basal Ganglia Are Associated with Voluntary Activation of the Core Stabilizing Muscles in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Chanjuan Zhang, Xi Chen, Yi Yin, Dongfeng Xie, Jing Luo, Yinan Ai, Wenfeng Zhan, Hongjun Kan, Shuxian Zhang, Guihua Jiang, Xiquan Hu","doi":"10.1155/2023/2028379","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/2028379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Deficits in voluntary activation of the core stabilizing muscles are consistently observed in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP); however, the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed at testing the hypothesis that the impaired voluntary activation of core stabilizing muscles is associated with structural and functional alterations in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cortex in patients with CLBP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 53 patients with CLBP and 67 healthy controls and estimated the alterations in grey matter volume (GMV) and functional and effective connectivity (EC) of regions with altered GMV via whole brain analysis. The voluntary activation of the multifidus (MF) and transversus abdominis (TrA) was evaluated by ultrasound imaging in these patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the HCs, they displayed a significant decrease in GMV in the bilateral thalamus and caudate nucleus, a significant increase in GMV in the left middle frontal gyrus, and increased resting-state functional connectivity between the right caudate nucleus and the bilateral precuneus (voxel-level <i>p</i> < 0.005, Gaussian random field-corrected <i>p</i> < 0.05). The patients also showed increased EC from the right caudate nucleus to the bilateral precuneus, which was significantly correlated with voluntary activation of the bilateral MF and TrA (all <i>p</i> < 0.050).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Grey matter alterations may be confined to regions responsible for perception, motor control, and emotion regulation in patients with CLBP. The interrupted EC from the basal ganglia to the default mode network might be involved in the impairment of voluntary activation of the core stabilizing muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10484657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10213195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/6685372
Sara Bottiroli, Alessia Renzi, Elena Ballante, Roberto De Icco, Grazia Sances, Annalisa Tanzilli, Tomaso Vecchi, Cristina Tassorelli, Federica Galli
Background: Chronic headache (CH) is a condition that includes different subtypes of headaches and that can impair different life domains. Personality traits can play a relevant role both in the development and in coping with this medical condition. The first aim of the present study is to realize a systematic review of the personality traits associated with CH compared to healthy controls; the second objective is to carry out a quantitative meta-analysis with the studies using the same instrument to assess personality traits.
Method: The literature search encompassed articles published from 1988 until December 2022 on the major databases in the field of health and social sciences: PubMed, Scopus, PsychInfo, and Web of Science.
Results: Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review, but only three studies were deeply explored in a meta-analysis since the only ones used a common instrument for personality assessment (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). According to the meta-analysis, different subtypes of CH patients scored higher than healthy controls on Hypochondriasis and Hysteria Scales. The systematic review showed higher levels of depressive and anxious personality dimensions and pain catastrophizing in CH compared to healthy controls. Moreover, frequent-chronic forms and medication-overuse headache were the most symptomatic and frail categories showing higher levels of dysfunctional personality traits and psychopathological symptoms.
Conclusions: These results seem to confirm a "neurotic profile" in patients suffering from CH. The identification of the main personality traits involved in the onset and maintenance of headache disorders represents an important objective for developing psychological interventions.
背景:慢性头痛(CH)是一种包括不同亚型头痛的疾病,可损害不同的生活领域。人格特征可以在发展和应对这种疾病中发挥相关作用。本研究的第一个目的是与健康对照组相比,实现对与CH相关的人格特征的系统回顾;第二个目的是对使用相同工具评估人格特征的研究进行定量荟萃分析。方法:文献检索包括1988年至2022年12月在健康和社会科学领域主要数据库PubMed、Scopus、PsychInfo和Web of Science上发表的文章。结果:系统综述包括13项研究,但只有三项研究在荟萃分析中得到了深入探讨,因为只有三项使用了一种通用的人格评估工具(明尼苏达多相人格问卷)。根据荟萃分析,CH患者的不同亚型在线粒体和歇斯底里量表上的得分高于健康对照组。系统综述显示,与健康对照组相比,CH的抑郁和焦虑人格维度以及疼痛灾难性水平更高。此外,频繁的慢性形式和药物过度使用头痛是最有症状和最虚弱的类别,表现出更高水平的功能障碍人格特征和精神病理学症状。结论:这些结果似乎证实了CH患者的“神经质特征”。识别与头痛障碍的发作和维持有关的主要人格特征是制定心理干预措施的重要目标。
{"title":"Personality in Chronic Headache: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sara Bottiroli, Alessia Renzi, Elena Ballante, Roberto De Icco, Grazia Sances, Annalisa Tanzilli, Tomaso Vecchi, Cristina Tassorelli, Federica Galli","doi":"10.1155/2023/6685372","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6685372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic headache (CH) is a condition that includes different subtypes of headaches and that can impair different life domains. Personality traits can play a relevant role both in the development and in coping with this medical condition. The first aim of the present study is to realize a systematic review of the personality traits associated with CH compared to healthy controls; the second objective is to carry out a quantitative meta-analysis with the studies using the same instrument to assess personality traits.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The literature search encompassed articles published from 1988 until December 2022 on the major databases in the field of health and social sciences: PubMed, Scopus, PsychInfo, and Web of Science.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review, but only three studies were deeply explored in a meta-analysis since the only ones used a common instrument for personality assessment (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). According to the meta-analysis, different subtypes of CH patients scored higher than healthy controls on Hypochondriasis and Hysteria Scales. The systematic review showed higher levels of depressive and anxious personality dimensions and pain catastrophizing in CH compared to healthy controls. Moreover, frequent-chronic forms and medication-overuse headache were the most symptomatic and frail categories showing higher levels of dysfunctional personality traits and psychopathological symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results seem to confirm a \"neurotic profile\" in patients suffering from CH. The identification of the main personality traits involved in the onset and maintenance of headache disorders represents an important objective for developing psychological interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10477030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10522957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain management is a major medical issue. However, current medical education in Japan is inadequate with regard to training students to properly assess patients with acute and chronic pain and plan their treatment. Therefore, starting in 2019, Hyogo Medical University established a multidisciplinary educational system to better train medical students to provide pain care. The course, called clinical pain study, is offered to fourth- and fifth-year medical students. Fourth-year students learn the scientific aspects of pain through clinical practice. In this study, we assessed students' understanding of pain management based on the results of pretests and posttests performed before and after their practicum. These tests were administered from November 2019 to April 2022 to 263 fourth- and fifth-year medical students who took the clinical pain study class. The test results were compared in terms of the percentage of correct answers and the total score for each question using McNemar's chi-square test and paired t-tests, respectively. The results showed a significant improvement in the mean of the total score, confirming the improvement in medical students' knowledge (6.43 vs. 7.35 points; p < 0.001). Based on the results, overall, pain education at the university has had positive outcomes and will therefore be continued in the future.
{"title":"Outcomes of Pain Management Training for the Fourth- and Fifth-Year Medical Students.","authors":"Ayano Saeki, Yumiko Takao, Keiichiro Suzuki, Munetaka Hirose","doi":"10.1155/2023/6080769","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6080769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain management is a major medical issue. However, current medical education in Japan is inadequate with regard to training students to properly assess patients with acute and chronic pain and plan their treatment. Therefore, starting in 2019, Hyogo Medical University established a multidisciplinary educational system to better train medical students to provide pain care. The course, called clinical pain study, is offered to fourth- and fifth-year medical students. Fourth-year students learn the scientific aspects of pain through clinical practice. In this study, we assessed students' understanding of pain management based on the results of pretests and posttests performed before and after their practicum. These tests were administered from November 2019 to April 2022 to 263 fourth- and fifth-year medical students who took the clinical pain study class. The test results were compared in terms of the percentage of correct answers and the total score for each question using McNemar's chi-square test and paired <i>t</i>-tests, respectively. The results showed a significant improvement in the mean of the total score, confirming the improvement in medical students' knowledge (6.43 vs. 7.35 points; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Based on the results, overall, pain education at the university has had positive outcomes and will therefore be continued in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10473891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10155773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/1523834
Mar Hernández-Secorún, Hugo Abenia-Benedí, Sergio Borrella-Andrés, Isabel Marqués-García, María Orosia Lucha-López, Pablo Herrero, Isabel Iguacel, José Miguel Tricás-Moreno, César Hidalgo-García
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the short-, mid-, and long-term effectiveness of dry needling in improving pain and functional capacity of patients with chronic neck pain. Search strategy was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, and Cochrane Library Plus biomedical databases. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool. Randomised controlled clinical trials in which at least 1 of the groups received dry needling were included. 662 studies were found; 14 clinical trials were selected for qualitative analysis and 13 for quantitative analysis. The quality of most of the studies included was "high." All the studies reported improvements in cervical pain and/or disability, regardless of the protocol followed and the muscles targeted. No serious adverse effects were reported. Dry needling showed to be more effective when compared with other therapies in both women and men, without differences by sex. When the analysis was carried out by age, patients over 40 years old benefitted more than those below 40 years old. Our meta-analysis supports the use of dry needling to improve pain and functional capacity in patients with chronic neck pain at short- and mid-term intervals.
本系统综述和荟萃分析的目的是评估干针在改善慢性颈部疼痛患者疼痛和功能能力方面的短期、中期和长期有效性。搜索策略在PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、PEDro和Cochrane Library Plus生物医学数据库上执行。使用RoB2工具评估偏倚风险。随机对照临床试验包括其中至少1组接受干针治疗。发现662项研究;选择14项临床试验进行定性分析,13项进行定量分析。大多数研究的质量都是“高”的。所有研究都报告了宫颈疼痛和/或残疾的改善,无论遵循的方案和针对的肌肉如何。未报告严重不良反应。与其他疗法相比,干针在女性和男性中都更有效,没有性别差异。当按年龄进行分析时,40岁以上的患者 老年人比40岁以下的人受益更多 岁我们的荟萃分析支持在中短期使用干针来改善慢性颈部疼痛患者的疼痛和功能能力。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Dry Needling in Improving Pain and Function in Comparison with Other Techniques in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mar Hernández-Secorún, Hugo Abenia-Benedí, Sergio Borrella-Andrés, Isabel Marqués-García, María Orosia Lucha-López, Pablo Herrero, Isabel Iguacel, José Miguel Tricás-Moreno, César Hidalgo-García","doi":"10.1155/2023/1523834","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1523834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the short-, mid-, and long-term effectiveness of dry needling in improving pain and functional capacity of patients with chronic neck pain. Search strategy was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, and Cochrane Library Plus biomedical databases. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool. Randomised controlled clinical trials in which at least 1 of the groups received dry needling were included. 662 studies were found; 14 clinical trials were selected for qualitative analysis and 13 for quantitative analysis. The quality of most of the studies included was \"high.\" All the studies reported improvements in cervical pain and/or disability, regardless of the protocol followed and the muscles targeted. No serious adverse effects were reported. Dry needling showed to be more effective when compared with other therapies in both women and men, without differences by sex. When the analysis was carried out by age, patients over 40 years old benefitted more than those below 40 years old. Our meta-analysis supports the use of dry needling to improve pain and functional capacity in patients with chronic neck pain at short- and mid-term intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10469395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10154240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pediatric dentists often find it challenging to handle pediatric patients due to their fear, unease, and anxiety toward dental procedures. To address this, sedation agents such as intranasal midazolam and nitrous oxide are commonly used as pharmacological behavior management methods. A child's temperament affects their behavior in unfamiliar settings.
Aim: To study the effect of child temperament on the acceptance of the nasal mask and intranasal drug administration in children undergoing dental treatment.
Methods: Thirty-two anxious children aged three to five were randomly assigned to two groups. During the first visit, one group received intranasal midazolam sedation, while the other group received nitrous oxide administered through a mask. On the subsequent visit, the groups crossed over. The parent assessed the child's temperament, and the acceptance of the sedation methods was recorded. The Ohio State University Behavioral Rating Scale (OSUBRS) was employed to assess behavior during the administration of local anesthesia. Statistical analysis was carried out using the chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test (p value <0.05).
Results: Children exhibited greater acceptance of the nasal mask compared to using the intranasal route for delivering midazolam during the induction process. A significant statistical influence of temperament was observed on the acceptance of the nasal mask and the intranasal atomisation device (p value <0.05). The mean OSUBRS scores did not show any statistically significant differences between the sedation groups (p = 0.14).
Conclusion: Most children demonstrated a more favorable acceptance of the nasal mask during the induction process; however, intranasal midazolam can serve as an effective alternative for anxious patients who struggle to keep the nitrous oxide mask on during the dental procedure. The adoption of these methods is influenced directly by the child's temperament.
{"title":"Influence of Temperament on the Acceptance of Two Conscious Sedation Techniques in Toddlers Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Randomised Cross Over Trial.","authors":"Palak Janiani, Deepa Gurunathan, Sivakumar Nuvvula","doi":"10.1155/2023/6655628","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6655628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric dentists often find it challenging to handle pediatric patients due to their fear, unease, and anxiety toward dental procedures. To address this, sedation agents such as intranasal midazolam and nitrous oxide are commonly used as pharmacological behavior management methods. A child's temperament affects their behavior in unfamiliar settings.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study the effect of child temperament on the acceptance of the nasal mask and intranasal drug administration in children undergoing dental treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two anxious children aged three to five were randomly assigned to two groups. During the first visit, one group received intranasal midazolam sedation, while the other group received nitrous oxide administered through a mask. On the subsequent visit, the groups crossed over. The parent assessed the child's temperament, and the acceptance of the sedation methods was recorded. The Ohio State University Behavioral Rating Scale (OSUBRS) was employed to assess behavior during the administration of local anesthesia. Statistical analysis was carried out using the chi-square test and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test (<i>p</i> value <0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children exhibited greater acceptance of the nasal mask compared to using the intranasal route for delivering midazolam during the induction process. A significant statistical influence of temperament was observed on the acceptance of the nasal mask and the intranasal atomisation device (<i>p</i> value <0.05). The mean OSUBRS scores did not show any statistically significant differences between the sedation groups (<i>p</i> = 0.14).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most children demonstrated a more favorable acceptance of the nasal mask during the induction process; however, intranasal midazolam can serve as an effective alternative for anxious patients who struggle to keep the nitrous oxide mask on during the dental procedure. The adoption of these methods is influenced directly by the child's temperament.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10465248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10130946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/1928969
Xiaofan Ma, Jia Yan, Hong Jiang
Since ketamine was approved by the FDA as an intravenous anesthetic, it has been in clinical use for more than 50 years. Apart from its anesthetic effects, ketamine is one of the few intravenous anesthetics with potent analgesic properties. As part of the effort to develop pain management, renewed interest has focused on the use of ketamine for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Ketamine is commonly used to treat various kinds of chronic pain syndromes and is also applied to control perioperative pain and reduce the consumption of postoperative analgesics. However, its precise mechanisms of action remain mysterious for a large part. Despite extensive research in the field, the mechanism of ketamine is still unclear. Its analgesic effect appears to be largely mediated by blockade of NMDARs, but opioid, GABA, and monoaminergic system seem to partly participate in the pain transmission procedure. Its metabolites also have an analgesic effect, which may prolong pain relief. More recently, the antidepressant effect of ketamine has been considered to reduce pain-related aversion to relieve chronic pain. Overall, the analgesic mechanism of ketamine seems to be a complex combination of multiple factors. Due to its potent analgesic properties, ketamine is an analgesic with great clinical application prospects. Exploring the precise mechanism of action of ketamine will help guide clinical medication and confirm indications for ketamine analgesia. This review aims to list the application of ketamine in pain management and discuss its analgesic mechanism.
{"title":"Application of Ketamine in Pain Management and the Underlying Mechanism.","authors":"Xiaofan Ma, Jia Yan, Hong Jiang","doi":"10.1155/2023/1928969","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1928969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since ketamine was approved by the FDA as an intravenous anesthetic, it has been in clinical use for more than 50 years. Apart from its anesthetic effects, ketamine is one of the few intravenous anesthetics with potent analgesic properties. As part of the effort to develop pain management, renewed interest has focused on the use of ketamine for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Ketamine is commonly used to treat various kinds of chronic pain syndromes and is also applied to control perioperative pain and reduce the consumption of postoperative analgesics. However, its precise mechanisms of action remain mysterious for a large part. Despite extensive research in the field, the mechanism of ketamine is still unclear. Its analgesic effect appears to be largely mediated by blockade of NMDARs, but opioid, GABA, and monoaminergic system seem to partly participate in the pain transmission procedure. Its metabolites also have an analgesic effect, which may prolong pain relief. More recently, the antidepressant effect of ketamine has been considered to reduce pain-related aversion to relieve chronic pain. Overall, the analgesic mechanism of ketamine seems to be a complex combination of multiple factors. Due to its potent analgesic properties, ketamine is an analgesic with great clinical application prospects. Exploring the precise mechanism of action of ketamine will help guide clinical medication and confirm indications for ketamine analgesia. This review aims to list the application of ketamine in pain management and discuss its analgesic mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10447145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10077935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/1799005
Shahnaz Hasan, Nasrin Bharti, Ahmad H Alghadir, Amir Iqbal, Naiyer Shahzad, Abeer R Ibrahim
Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of manual therapy and pressure biofeedback-guided DCFM strength training on pain intensity and functional limitations in individuals with CGH. Trial Design. A double-blinded, two-arm parallel group randomized comparative design.
Methods: After applying the eligibility criteria, sixty out of eighty-nine CGH patients were recruited from King Saud University Medical Center in Riyadh and randomly allocated to intervention groups using simple random sampling. Group 1 underwent pressure biofeedback-guided DCFM strength training and conventional treatment, while Group 2 received manual therapy and conventional treatment for three consecutive weeks. The main outcome measures were scores on the visual analog scale (VAS) and the headache disability index (HDI). One assessor and two physical therapists were blinded to group allocation.
Results: Sixty out of eighty participants aged 29-40 years were randomized into intervention groups (n = 30/group; age (mean ± standard deviation): group 1 = 35.0 ± 2.82; group 2 = 34.87 ± 2.60), and their data were analyzed. A significant improvement (95% CI, p < 0.05) was observed within each group when comparing the VAS and HDI scores between baseline and postintervention. In contrast, between-group comparisons for the outcome score of VAS and HDI revealed nonsignificant differences in the first, second, and third weeks after intervention, except for the VAS score, which showed a significant difference in weeks 2 and 3 after intervention. Cohen's d-value indicated that the intervention effect size for reducing pain was larger in group 1 than in group 2 at weeks 2 and 3.
Conclusion: Compared with manual therapy, pressure biofeedback-guided DCFM strength training showed a greater reduction in pain intensity (assessed using the VAS) at weeks two and three. However, both treatments were equally effective in lowering headache-related functional limitations in patients with CGH. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov PRS (Identifier ID: NCT05692232).
{"title":"The Efficacy of Manual Therapy and Pressure Biofeedback-Guided Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Strength Training on Pain and Functional Limitations in Individuals with Cervicogenic Headaches: A Randomized Comparative Study.","authors":"Shahnaz Hasan, Nasrin Bharti, Ahmad H Alghadir, Amir Iqbal, Naiyer Shahzad, Abeer R Ibrahim","doi":"10.1155/2023/1799005","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1799005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the efficacy of manual therapy and pressure biofeedback-guided DCFM strength training on pain intensity and functional limitations in individuals with CGH. <i>Trial Design</i>. A double-blinded, two-arm parallel group randomized comparative design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After applying the eligibility criteria, sixty out of eighty-nine CGH patients were recruited from King Saud University Medical Center in Riyadh and randomly allocated to intervention groups using simple random sampling. Group 1 underwent pressure biofeedback-guided DCFM strength training and conventional treatment, while Group 2 received manual therapy and conventional treatment for three consecutive weeks. The main outcome measures were scores on the visual analog scale (VAS) and the headache disability index (HDI). One assessor and two physical therapists were blinded to group allocation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty out of eighty participants aged 29-40 years were randomized into intervention groups (<i>n</i> = 30/group; age (mean ± standard deviation): group 1 = 35.0 ± 2.82; group 2 = 34.87 ± 2.60), and their data were analyzed. A significant improvement (95% CI, <i>p</i> < 0.05) was observed within each group when comparing the VAS and HDI scores between baseline and postintervention. In contrast, between-group comparisons for the outcome score of VAS and HDI revealed nonsignificant differences in the first, second, and third weeks after intervention, except for the VAS score, which showed a significant difference in weeks 2 and 3 after intervention. Cohen's <i>d</i>-value indicated that the intervention effect size for reducing pain was larger in group 1 than in group 2 at weeks 2 and 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with manual therapy, pressure biofeedback-guided DCFM strength training showed a greater reduction in pain intensity (assessed using the VAS) at weeks two and three. However, both treatments were equally effective in lowering headache-related functional limitations in patients with CGH. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov PRS (Identifier ID: NCT05692232).</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10442171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10433384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/8870256
Bin Zou, Juan Du, Qiwen Xuan, Yajing Wang, Zixiao Wang, Wen Zhang, Lianghua Wang, Wei Gu
Background: High morbidity of nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) and large consumption of medical resources caused by it have become a heavy social burden. There are many factors inducing NLBP, among which the damage and atrophy of multifidus (MF) are most closely related to NLBP. Scraping therapy can have significant treatment effects on NLBP with fewer adverse reactions and less medical fund input than other modalities or medications. However, the mechanism of scraping therapy treating NLBP remains unclarified. Here, we wanted to investigate the effects of scraping therapy on promoting MF regeneration and the underlying mechanisms.
Methods: A total of 54 male rats (SD, 6-7 weeks old) were randomly divided into nine groups, namely, K, M6h, M1d, M2d, M3d, G6h, G1d, G2d, and G3d, with six rats in each group. They were injected with bupivacaine (BPVC) to intentionally induce MF injury. We then performed scraping therapy on the rats that had been randomly chosen and compared treatment effects at different time points. In vitro data including skin temperature and tactile allodynia threshold were collected and histological sections were analyzed. mRNA sequencing was applied to distinguish the genes or signaling pathways that had been altered due to scraping therapy, and the results were further verified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.
Results: Transitory petechiae and ecchymosis both on and beneath the rats' skin raised by scraping therapy gradually faded in about 3 d. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of MF was significantly smaller 30 h, 2 d, and 4 d after modeling (P=0.007, P=0.001, and P=0.015, respectively, vs. the blank group) and was significantly larger in the scraping group 1 d after treatment (P=0.002 vs. the model 1d group). Skin temperature significantly increased immediately after scraping (P < 0.001) and hindlimb pain threshold increased on the 2nd day after scraping (P=0.046 and P=0.028, respectively). 391 differentially expressed genes and 8 signaling pathways were characterized 6 h after scraping; only 3 differentially expressed genes and 3 signaling pathways were screened out 2 d after treatment. The amounts of mRNAs or proteins for GLUT4, HK2, PFKM, PKM, LDHA (which belong to the GLUT4/glycolytic pathway), p-mTOR, p-4EBP1 (which belong to the AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway), and BDH1 were enhanced, and p-AMPKα was decreased after scraping therapy.
Conclusions: Scraping therapy has therapeutic effects on rats with multifidus injury by promoting muscle regeneration via regulating GLUT4/glycolytic and AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 signaling pathways.
{"title":"Scraping Therapy Improved Muscle Regeneration through Regulating GLUT4/Glycolytic and AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 Pathways in Rats with Lumbar Multifidus Injury.","authors":"Bin Zou, Juan Du, Qiwen Xuan, Yajing Wang, Zixiao Wang, Wen Zhang, Lianghua Wang, Wei Gu","doi":"10.1155/2023/8870256","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8870256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High morbidity of nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) and large consumption of medical resources caused by it have become a heavy social burden. There are many factors inducing NLBP, among which the damage and atrophy of multifidus (MF) are most closely related to NLBP. Scraping therapy can have significant treatment effects on NLBP with fewer adverse reactions and less medical fund input than other modalities or medications. However, the mechanism of scraping therapy treating NLBP remains unclarified. Here, we wanted to investigate the effects of scraping therapy on promoting MF regeneration and the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 54 male rats (SD, 6-7 weeks old) were randomly divided into nine groups, namely, K, M6h, M1d, M2d, M3d, G6h, G1d, G2d, and G3d, with six rats in each group. They were injected with bupivacaine (BPVC) to intentionally induce MF injury. We then performed scraping therapy on the rats that had been randomly chosen and compared treatment effects at different time points. <i>In vitro</i> data including skin temperature and tactile allodynia threshold were collected and histological sections were analyzed. mRNA sequencing was applied to distinguish the genes or signaling pathways that had been altered due to scraping therapy, and the results were further verified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transitory petechiae and ecchymosis both on and beneath the rats' skin raised by scraping therapy gradually faded in about 3 d. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of MF was significantly smaller 30 h, 2 d, and 4 d after modeling (<i>P</i>=0.007, <i>P</i>=0.001, and <i>P</i>=0.015, respectively, vs. the blank group) and was significantly larger in the scraping group 1 d after treatment (<i>P</i>=0.002 vs. the model 1d group). Skin temperature significantly increased immediately after scraping (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and hindlimb pain threshold increased on the 2nd day after scraping (<i>P</i>=0.046 and <i>P</i>=0.028, respectively). 391 differentially expressed genes and 8 signaling pathways were characterized 6 h after scraping; only 3 differentially expressed genes and 3 signaling pathways were screened out 2 d after treatment. The amounts of mRNAs or proteins for GLUT4, HK2, PFKM, PKM, LDHA (which belong to the GLUT4/glycolytic pathway), p-mTOR, p-4EBP1 (which belong to the AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway), and BDH1 were enhanced, and p-AMPK<i>α</i> was decreased after scraping therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Scraping therapy has therapeutic effects on rats with multifidus injury by promoting muscle regeneration via regulating GLUT4/glycolytic and AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 signaling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10310458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9747911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/5077772
Pin Li, Hongyun Chen, Xiuzhen Fu, Haili Zhou, Fan Lai
Objectives: To evaluate the short-term outcome of treatment by auricular acupressure (AA) on postoperative pain among hip fracture (HF) patients.
Methods: A systematic search for randomized controlled trials on this topic was conducted through May 2022 by searching multiple English and Chinese databases. The methodological quality of the included trails was assessed by the Cochrane Handbook tool, and relevant data were extracted and statistically analyzed by RevMan 5.4.1 software. The quality of the evidence supporting each outcome was evaluated by GRADEpro GDT.
Results: Fourteen trials with a total of 1390 participants were included in this study. Compared with conventional treatment (CT) alone, the combination of AA and CT had a significantly greater effect on the visual analog scale at 12 h (MD -0.53, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.30), 24 h (MD -0.59, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.25), 36 h (MD -0.07, 95% CI -0.13 to -0.02), 48 h (MD -0.52, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.08), and 72 h (MD -0.72, 95% CI -1.02 to -0.42), amount of analgesics used (MD -12.35, 95% CI -14.21 to -10.48), Harris Hip Score (MD 6.58, 95% CI 3.60 to 9.56), effective rate (OR 6.37, 95% CI 2.68 to 15.15), and adverse events (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.71).
Conclusions: Compared with CT alone, the combination of AA and CRT had a significantly greater effect on postoperative pain in HF patients. However, trails with a rigorous methodology, including standard protocols for AA and multiethnic subjects, are still needed.
{"title":"Clinical Effects and Safety of Auricular Acupressure as an Adjunct Therapy on Postoperative Pain among Patients with Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Pin Li, Hongyun Chen, Xiuzhen Fu, Haili Zhou, Fan Lai","doi":"10.1155/2023/5077772","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5077772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the short-term outcome of treatment by auricular acupressure (AA) on postoperative pain among hip fracture (HF) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search for randomized controlled trials on this topic was conducted through May 2022 by searching multiple English and Chinese databases. The methodological quality of the included trails was assessed by the Cochrane Handbook tool, and relevant data were extracted and statistically analyzed by RevMan 5.4.1 software. The quality of the evidence supporting each outcome was evaluated by GRADEpro GDT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen trials with a total of 1390 participants were included in this study. Compared with conventional treatment (CT) alone, the combination of AA and CT had a significantly greater effect on the visual analog scale at 12 h (MD -0.53, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.30), 24 h (MD -0.59, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.25), 36 h (MD -0.07, 95% CI -0.13 to -0.02), 48 h (MD -0.52, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.08), and 72 h (MD -0.72, 95% CI -1.02 to -0.42), amount of analgesics used (MD -12.35, 95% CI -14.21 to -10.48), Harris Hip Score (MD 6.58, 95% CI 3.60 to 9.56), effective rate (OR 6.37, 95% CI 2.68 to 15.15), and adverse events (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.71).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with CT alone, the combination of AA and CRT had a significantly greater effect on postoperative pain in HF patients. However, trails with a rigorous methodology, including standard protocols for AA and multiethnic subjects, are still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10151718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9919607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}