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Abyssal record of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum in the Tasman Sea: Insights from benthic foraminiferal and clay mineral assemblages 塔斯曼海中始新世气候最佳的深海记录:来自底栖有孔虫和粘土矿物组合的见解
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113590
Irene Peñalver-Clavel , Elisa Laita , Edoardo Dallanave , Rupert Sutherland , Gerald R. Dickens , Thomas Westerhold , Blanca Bauluz , Laia Alegret
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), a ∼500 kyr global warm interval at ∼40 Ma, interrupted the gradual cooling trend of the mid-late Eocene. Unlike Eocene hyperthermal events with rapid onsets and slow recoveries, the MECO began gradually, ended swiftly, and lacked a global negative carbon isotope excursion, raising questions about warming‑carbon cycling links. Here we report for the first time the response of benthic foraminifera, which are excellent palaeoenvironmental proxies, across the MECO at abyssal depths, integrating our results with a mineralogical analysis of the sediment.
International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1511 (Tasman Abyssal Plain, SW Pacific) was deposited below the carbonate compensation depth during the Eocene, and calcareous microfossils are absent. Agglutinated benthic foraminifera indicate a gradual onset of the environmental perturbations associated with the MECO, followed by rapid recovery. Changes in their assemblages, including the temporary disappearance of Lazarus taxa, the decreased abundance of suspension feeders and dominance of opportunistic detritivores, indicate weaker bottom-water currents during MECO and increased stratification of the water column. Mineralogical changes reinforce this interpretation, with increased smectite content indicating warm, humid conditions in the source-area, and possibly a change in the deep-water source. The reappearance of Lazarus taxa after the MECO indicates rapid recovery of deep-sea environmental conditions.
The comparison of Site U1511 with available studies from other regions reveals the complex and regionally diverse nature of benthic foraminiferal response to the MECO, emphasizing the critical role of ocean circulation and palaeogeography during Eocene warm intervals.
中始新世气候最适期(MECO)是一个约500 kyr的全球变暖间隔,约40 Ma,中断了始新世中后期的逐渐变冷趋势。与始新世开始迅速、恢复缓慢的高温事件不同,MECO开始缓慢,结束迅速,缺乏全球负碳同位素偏移,这引发了关于变暖与碳循环联系的问题。在这里,我们首次报道了底栖有孔虫的反应,这是一种优秀的古环境代用物,在深海深处横跨MECO,将我们的结果与沉积物的矿物学分析相结合。国际海洋发现计划遗址U1511(西南太平洋Tasman深海平原)沉积于始新世碳酸盐补偿深度以下,缺乏钙质微化石。凝集的底栖有孔虫表明与MECO相关的环境扰动逐渐开始,随后迅速恢复。它们组合的变化,包括Lazarus类群的暂时消失、悬浮食性动物丰度的减少和机会性腐食动物的优势,表明MECO期间底水流减弱,水体分层加剧。矿物学变化强化了这一解释,蒙脱石含量的增加表明源区温暖潮湿,可能是深水源区的变化。在MECO之后,Lazarus分类群的重新出现表明深海环境条件的迅速恢复。U1511站点与其他地区已有研究的对比揭示了底栖有孔虫对MECO响应的复杂性和区域多样性,强调了始新世暖期海洋环流和古地理的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
AI-driven quantitative classification of tropical cyclone intensity using Tridacna daily growth bands 利用Tridacna日增长带对热带气旋强度进行人工智能驱动的定量分类
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113573
Qiuju Yang , Jianmiao Liao , Nanyu Zhao , Chengcheng Liu , Hong Yan
Understanding long-term tropical cyclone (TC) evolution requires high-resolution paleoclimate records at daily scales. Traditional proxies such as corals and sediments lack the resolution to resolve individual events. Although Tridacna shells exhibit daily growth bands with sub-weekly resolution, manual analysis of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) images is time-consuming and subjective, limiting their application for quantitative reconstructions. This study introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) framework to address these challenges. A dual-task generative adversarial network (DT-GAN) enhances LSCM image quality and enables precise segmentation of Tridacna daily growth bands. This approach improves processing efficiency by over five orders of magnitude compared to manual methods. By automatically extracting key features related to the daily growth increments and fluorescence intensity, we employ a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to classify TC intensity at daily resolution. Applied to a modern T. squamosa specimen from the South China Sea (2012−2013), our model achieved an accuracy of 85.14% in detecting TC occurrence and 81.71% in classifying seven intensity grades (0–6). This work establishes the first quantitative model linking Tridacna growth band features to TC activity, providing a robust methodological foundation for high-resolution paleotempestology using fossil shells.
了解热带气旋(TC)的长期演变需要高分辨率的日尺度古气候记录。珊瑚和沉积物等传统的代用物缺乏解决单个事件的分辨率。尽管砗磲蛤壳呈现出亚周分辨率的日生长带,但激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)图像的人工分析既耗时又主观,限制了它们在定量重建中的应用。本研究引入了一个人工智能(AI)框架来应对这些挑战。一种双任务生成对抗网络(DT-GAN)提高了LSCM图像质量,实现了Tridacna日常生长带的精确分割。与手工方法相比,这种方法将处理效率提高了五个数量级以上。通过自动提取与日生长增量和荧光强度相关的关键特征,我们采用长短期记忆(LSTM)网络对日分辨率下的TC强度进行分类。应用于现代t squamosa标本从南海(2012−2013),我们的模型实现了85.14%的准确性检测TC发生和分类七81.71%强度等级(- 6)。本研究建立了第一个将砗磲生长带特征与TC活动联系起来的定量模型,为利用化石壳进行高分辨率古风暴学研究提供了坚实的方法基础。
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引用次数: 0
Stability and precision in chronostratigraphical definition: The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is the solution [Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, volume 685, 113515]: Comment 年代地层定义的稳定性和精确性:全球边界层型剖面和点(GSSP)是解决方案[古地理,古气候学,古生态学,卷685,113515]:评论
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113617
Vladimir I. Davydov , Spencer G. Lucas
A problem with the current paradigm of the Global Standard Section and Point (GSSP) is the mixture of facts and interpretation. A GSSP is defined at a stratigraphic level in the rock record (fact), the optimal choice of which is a volcanic ash bed that is integrated with multiple proxies and possesses a radioisotopic age. The concept of a “specific point in time” and correlation (such as a radioisotopic age, a species occurrence, and other events) represent interpretations of this boundary, spatially and temporarily, i.e., an interpretation of the GSSP in the International Geologic Time Scale (IGTS). Stages are projections of the rocks between two GSSPs (facts), defining the base of one stage and the base of the overlying stage. The projected stages are usually far different from those defined between GSSPs, and thus, they are not strictly global in extent. We are confident that GSSPs defined by volcanic ash beds will prove to be the most stable and comprehensible markers for the geologic community and beyond.
当前全球标准章节和要点(GSSP)范式的一个问题是事实和解释的混合。GSSP是在岩石记录(事实)的地层水平上定义的,其最佳选择是与多个代用物相结合并具有放射性同位素年龄的火山灰床。“特定时间点”和相关性(如放射性同位素年龄、物种发生和其他事件)的概念代表了对该边界的空间和暂时解释,即对国际地质时间尺度(IGTS)中的GSSP的解释。阶段是两个gssp(事实)之间的岩石投影,定义了一个阶段的基础和上一个阶段的基础。预估阶段通常与gssp之间定义的阶段大不相同,因此,它们的范围不是严格意义上的全球范围。我们相信,由火山灰床定义的gssp将被证明是地质群落内外最稳定和可理解的标记。
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引用次数: 0
New insights into Early Triassic carbon cycle dynamics from paired δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg records δ13Ccarb和δ13Corg配对记录对早三叠纪碳循环动力学的新认识
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113550
Guijie Zhang , Chenhao Zheng , Xiaolin Zhang , Lilin Sun , Yawen Cui , Dandan Li , Yanan Shen
The Early Triassic was characterized by significant C-isotopic excursions; however, the underlying mechanisms remain debated. Recent studies have questioned the pivotal role of environmental disruptions in these excursions, highlighting the complexity of carbon cycling and Earth system interactions. To further explore these mechanisms, we analyzed paired δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg data from the Xiakou section, South China. Our results show that the paired C-isotopes correlate closely with contemporaneous records worldwide, confirming the widespread nature of these excursions. While δ13Corg generally tracks δ13Ccarb, its less pronounced fluctuations result in a Δ13C decrease during the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB), Griesbachian-Dienerian boundary (GDB), and Smithian. Furthermore, we compiled data from coeval representative sections, which exhibit a similar pattern of Δ13C decrease, suggesting the widespread occurrence of this phenomenon. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we employed a regression-based model that suggests the presence of organic carbon produced by green sulfur bacteria under photic zone euxinia, in addition to the fraction of organic carbon fixed from coeval marine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) via oxygenic photosynthesis. This hypothesis is supported by the temporal coincidence of Δ13C decrease with expanded anoxia, as evidenced by Mo flux and U isotope data. Three concurrent negative excursions in δ13Ccarb and Δ13C show a first-order correlation with expanded anoxia, as well as with reduced ichnodiversity and biodiversity. These findings suggest that the protracted recovery of Early Triassic marine ecosystems was likely driven by a combination of environmental stressors linked to expanded anoxia and internal feedbacks, particularly the proliferation of prokaryotic microbes.
早三叠世以显著的碳同位素偏移为特征;然而,潜在的机制仍然存在争议。最近的研究质疑了环境破坏在这些短途旅行中的关键作用,强调了碳循环和地球系统相互作用的复杂性。为了进一步探讨这些机制,我们分析了华南峡口剖面的δ13Ccarb和δ13Corg配对数据。我们的研究结果表明,配对的c同位素与世界范围内的同期记录密切相关,证实了这些漂移的广布性。虽然δ13Corg通常跟踪δ13Ccarb,但在二叠纪-三叠纪边界(PTB), Griesbachian-Dienerian边界(GDB)和Smithian期间,δ13Corg的波动不太明显,导致Δ13C下降。此外,我们收集了同时期代表性剖面的数据,显示出类似的Δ13C下降模式,表明这种现象普遍存在。为了探索潜在的机制,我们采用了一个基于回归的模型,该模型表明,除了通过氧气光合作用从同期海洋溶解无机碳(DIC)中固定的有机碳部分外,绿硫细菌在光区含氧环境下产生的有机碳也存在。这一假设得到了Mo通量和U同位素数据证明的Δ13C下降与扩大缺氧的时间重合的支持。δ13Ccarb和Δ13C同时出现3次负漂移,与缺氧扩大、生物多样性和生物多样性降低呈一级相关。这些发现表明,早三叠纪海洋生态系统的长期恢复可能是由与扩大缺氧和内部反馈相关的环境压力因素,特别是原核微生物的增殖共同驱动的。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular and bulk carbon isotope records in lacustrine sediments from the western Qaidam Basin, Northeast Tibetan Plateau, and implications for paleoenvironmental changes during the Eocene–Oligocene transition 柴达木盆地西部、青藏高原东北部湖泊沉积物的分子、体碳同位素记录及其始新世—渐新世过渡时期古环境变化意义
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113588
Fan Yi , Haisheng Yi , Wenqiang Tang , Yun Chen , Kangzhi Tian , Yuxiang Shi , Xuemin Xu
The climate and environment in inland Asia were regulated by and respond to the global cooling event at the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) (ca. 33.8 Ma), during which time the Qaidam Basin (Northeast Tibetan Plateau) developed distinct hydroclimatic characteristics that differed from those in other regions. In this study, we examined organic carbon isotope (δ13Corg) and n-alkane carbon isotope (δ13Cn-alkane) records from lacustrine sediments deposited from the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene in deep drilling well A in the western Qaidam Basin. We investigated the regional climate and associated ecological and hydrological changes in the lake. The positive δ13Corg excursion of ∼2.3‰ recorded at the base of the Shangganchaigou Formation was correlated with the global Oi-1 event, which revealed synchronized carbon cycle perturbations in a terrestrial environment. The n-alkane indices and δ13CnC17, δ13CnC23, and δ13CnC31 values indicated the occurrence of a relatively arid climate in the Late Eocene. The lake system demonstrated moderate primary productivity, along with high salinity and a shallow chemocline, facilitating upward diffusion of 13C-depleted respired carbon dioxide into the photic zone and significantly affecting the isotopic composition of the dissolved inorganic carbon pool. The nearly 3‰ negative shift of δ13CnC31 and the positive δ13Corg excursion indicated the occurrence of increased precipitation in the western Qaidam Basin during the Early Oligocene. This humidification event triggered lacustrine expansion and nutrient dilution, which reduced the primary productivity and suppressing organic matter remineralization. The results of this study have highlighted the sensitivity of the Northeast Tibetan Plateau lakes to global climate forcing and provided a terrestrial benchmark for EOT paleoenvironmental models.
始新世—渐新世过渡期(约33.8 Ma)全球变冷事件对亚洲内陆气候和环境的调节和响应表明,柴达木盆地(青藏高原东北部)在此期间形成了明显不同于其他地区的水文气候特征。本文研究了柴达木盆地西部A井晚始新世—早渐新世湖相沉积的有机碳同位素(δ13Corg)和正构烷烃碳同位素(δ 13cn -烷烃)记录。我们调查了该湖泊的区域气候和相关的生态水文变化。在上干柴沟组基底记录的δ13Corg正偏移约2.3‰,与全球i-1事件相关,显示了同步的陆环境碳循环扰动。正构烷烃指数和δ13Cn−C17、δ13Cn−C23和δ13Cn−C31值表明晚始新世存在相对干旱的气候。湖系初级生产力中等,盐度较高,呈浅层趋化斜向,有利于13c枯竭的呼吸二氧化碳向上扩散到光带,并显著影响溶解无机碳库的同位素组成。近3‰的δ13Cn−C31负移和δ13Corg正移表明早渐新世柴达木盆地西部降水增加。这一湿化事件引发了湖泊扩张和营养物质稀释,降低了初级生产力,抑制了有机质再矿化。研究结果突出了青藏高原东北部湖泊对全球气候强迫的敏感性,并为EOT古环境模式提供了陆地基准。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-system geochronometer constraints on thermo-tectonic evolution of the Qiangtang Terrane, central Tibetan Plateau: Reply to Comment 青藏高原中部羌塘地体热构造演化的多系统年表约束:述评
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113613
Qingqing Lei , Xiaofan Wan , Xiang Ge , Xiaowei Zeng , Chuanbo Shen
Song et al. (2026) critique our model of rapid Qiangtang exhumation (120–90 Ma), citing conflicts with marine sedimentary records and alternative drivers such as oceanic subduction. In this reply, we clarify that a spatially differential exhumation model resolves the apparent contradiction and is well-supported by new thermochronological data. Our results affirm that early exhumation linked to the Lhasa–Qiangtang collision forms an integral part of the pulsed growth history of the central Tibetan Plateau, thereby providing important constraints on the integration of thermochronological, sedimentary, and tectonic evidence.
Song等人(2026)批评了我们的快速挖掘羌塘(120-90 Ma)模型,引用了与海洋沉积记录和其他驱动因素(如海洋俯冲)的冲突。在这个答复中,我们澄清了空间差异挖掘模型解决了明显的矛盾,并得到了新的热年代学数据的很好支持。我们的研究结果证实,与拉萨-羌塘碰撞有关的早期发掘形成了青藏高原中部脉冲生长历史的一个组成部分,从而为热年代学、沉积学和构造学证据的整合提供了重要的约束。
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引用次数: 0
The variations of the North African monsoon precipitation over the past 200 years 近200年来北非季风降水的变化
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113554
Sainan Liu , Ru Huang , S.-Y. Simon Wang , Chenxi Xu
The North African monsoon (NAFM) is a critical component of regional climate systems, sustaining livelihoods while shaping ecological and socio-economic conditions. However, its long-term variability and drivers remain insufficiently constrained. Here we present a two-century reconstruction (1801–1994) of NAFM precipitation based on humidity index from western North Africa and tree-ring records from the Ethiopian highlands. The reconstruction reveals two prolonged periods of reduced precipitation, leading to extreme droughts in 1820–1837 and 1954–1983, followed by a partial recovery after the 1980s that has not returned to pre-1954 levels. The longest period of decreased precipitation in mid-20th century was driven jointly by the negative phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and remoted regulation of multi-ocean basin teleconnections. Across all periods, AMO exerts the dominant influence on NAFM precipitation variability by modulating ITCZ migration, and it further regulates the covariation between the North African and South Asian monsoons.
北非季风(NAFM)是区域气候系统的一个重要组成部分,在塑造生态和社会经济条件的同时维持生计。然而,其长期可变性和驱动因素仍然没有得到充分约束。本文基于北非西部的湿度指数和埃塞俄比亚高原的树木年轮记录,重建了两个世纪(1801-1994)的NAFM降水。重建结果显示,有两个较长的降水减少期,导致了1820-1837年和1954-1983年的极端干旱,随后在20世纪80年代之后出现了部分恢复,但没有恢复到1954年之前的水平。20世纪中期最长的降水减少周期是由大西洋多年代际涛动(AMO)负相和多洋盆遥相关的远程调节共同驱动的。在所有时期,AMO通过调节ITCZ迁移对NAFM降水变率产生主导影响,并进一步调节北非和南亚季风之间的共变。
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引用次数: 0
Extraprovincial cold-water marine mollusks: Evidence bearing on ocean circulation patterns off northwestern Peru during the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene 外省冷水海洋软体动物:晚上新世和更新世期间秘鲁西北部海洋环流模式的证据
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113540
Thomas J. DeVries
Northwestern Peru at the latitudes of ∼4°30′S to ∼6°30′S straddles the boundary between the Panamic and Peruvian molluscan faunal provinces. At the same latitudes currents of the cold-water eastern boundary Humboldt Current System blend with warmer-water Pacific equatorial currents and countercurrents. On the coastal plain facing those currents, Pliocene and Pleistocene mollusks are abundantly preserved in the Taime Formation and Mancora, Talara, and Lobitos tablazos in sediments characteristic of nearshore, shoreface, and lagoonal environments. During the late Early Pleistocene, the number of cool-water “Peruvian” species in molluscan assemblages in those sediments abruptly declined and the number of warm-water “Panamic” species substantially increased to a level seen in modern assemblages from the same region. A case is made that the shift from a cool-water to warm-water fauna can be related to (1) a changing configuration of the coastline of northwestern Peru due to Early Pleistocene uplift of the coastal plain that forced cold-water currents to veer westward farther south than they once had, and/or (2) a warming of the Ecuador-Peru Coastal Current, the consequence of interactions between its source of water, the Equatorial Undercurrent, and the Galápagos Islands. To ascertain whether the faunal change in northwestern Peru occurred during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (∼1 Ma) and is related to the onset of higher amplitude glacial-interglacial eustatic sea-level fluctuations and/or related to the blocking at ∼1.6 Ma of the Equatorial Undercurrent by the Galápagos Islands, will require new approaches to dating fossil mollusks from the Taime Formation and tablazos.
秘鲁西北部在纬度为~ 4°30′s至~ 6°30′s的地方跨越了Panamic和秘鲁软体动物区系省之间的边界。在同一纬度,东部边界的冷水洪堡流系统与温暖的太平洋赤道流和逆流混合在一起。在面对这些洋流的沿海平原上,泰姆组和Mancora、Talara和Lobitos tablazos的近岸、滨面和泻湖环境的沉积物中大量保存着上新世和更新世的软体动物。在早更新世晚期,这些沉积物中软体动物组合中冷水“秘鲁”物种的数量突然减少,而温水“泛海”物种的数量大幅增加,达到同一地区现代组合的水平。从冷水动物群到温水动物群的转变可能与以下因素有关:(1)由于沿海平原的早更新世隆起导致秘鲁西北部海岸线的变化,迫使冷水流向西转向比以前更南,和/或(2)厄瓜多尔-秘鲁海岸流的变暖,这是其水源、赤道潜流和Galápagos群岛之间相互作用的结果。为了确定秘鲁西北部的动物区系变化是否发生在中更新世过渡时期(~ 1 Ma),是否与更高幅度的冰期-间冰期海平面上升波动的开始有关,以及/或与Galápagos群岛在~ 1.6 Ma阻断赤道潜流有关,将需要采用新的方法来确定泰米组和tablazos的软体动物化石的年代。
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引用次数: 0
Burrows of the giant beach worm (Australonuphis) in a high-energy beach environment in New South Wales, Australia: implications for the palaeoecology of some Phanerozoic Skolithos assemblages 澳大利亚新南威尔士州高能海滩环境中巨型海滩蠕虫(Australonuphis)的洞穴:对一些显生宙生物组合的古生态学影响
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113555
Koji Seike , Thomas S.N. Oliver
The trace fossil Skolithos is a simple, sub-vertical, unbranched, cylindrical burrow that characterizes the trace fossil from early Cambrian to recent times. The Skolithos ichnofacies is an indicator of high-energy coastal marine facies, such as the sandy beaches of wave-dominated coasts; however, to date, neoichnological studies have only reported its occurrence in low-energy settings, where it is produced by a variety of annelids, phoronids, and priapulids. In this paper, we describe the burrow produced by the Australian giant beach worm (Australonuphis, family Onuphidae) at Bengello Beach, southeastern Australia, where they occur in a high-energy, wave-dominated sandy coastal setting. The burrows of this omnivorous scavenger show a straight or slightly bent vertical shaft without branching or chambers, and may be regarded as a modern analog of the trace fossil Skolithos. The burrows are distributed only below the lower foreshore, and therefore we infer that the uppermost level of Skolithos occurrences in the Phanerozoic fossil record may be a useful indicator of ancient sea-level in the Skolithos ichnofacies. As such, our findings improve knowledge of the palaeoecology of the Skolithos ichnofacies, including feeding ecology, and enhance its palaeoenvironmental utility.
Skolithos化石是一个简单的、次垂直的、无分支的圆柱形洞穴,它代表了从寒武纪早期到近代的化石。斯科利索海相是高能海岸海相的标志,如波浪主导海岸的沙滩;然而,到目前为止,新技术研究只报道了它在低能量环境下的发生,在那里它是由各种环节动物、栉虫和priapilids产生的。在本文中,我们描述了澳大利亚巨型海滩蠕虫(Australonuphis, Onuphidae家族)在澳大利亚东南部Bengello海滩产生的洞穴,在那里它们发生在高能量,海浪主导的沙滩海岸环境中。这种杂食性食腐动物的洞穴呈直的或轻微弯曲的竖轴,没有分支或腔室,可能被认为是现代类似的化石痕迹。这些洞穴仅分布在下前滨以下,因此我们推断显生宙化石记录中最上层的岩心可能是岩心相古海平面的一个有用指标。因此,我们的发现提高了对斯科利索鱼相古生态学的认识,包括摄食生态学,并增强了其古环境效用。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative histological analysis of dental variability in Anchitherium: insights into growth dynamics and dental development 牙变异性的定量组织学分析:对生长动力学和牙齿发育的见解
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113557
Teresa Calderón , Andrea Cuccu , Jorge Morales , Beatriz Azanza , Daniel DeMiguel
The correlation between enamel microstructure and life history has allowed researchers to gather important information on the dental growth and development of both extant and fossil taxa. The approach has been especially developed on primates but also applied to ungulates. Among them, equids have received particular attention, since the enamel microstructure has been examined in several species of hipparionines and Equus. However, this aspect has been completely unexplored in more basal equid taxa. In this work, we analyse the dental microstructure of upper and lower dental elements and calculate for the first time the dental parameters of Anchitherium, a three-toed equid that inhabited the Palaearctic region from the Early to Late Miocene. Results revealed significantly higher secretion rates in the first lower molar and similar extension rates in all the dental elements analysed. In addition, the study of both upper and lower elements in this work seems to indicate that the method of analysing only the lower dentition, as employed in many studies, may not provide the complete framework to make inferences (at least in Anchitherium) and hence, should be taken with caution. Comparing Anchitherium enamel parameters with more derived members of the family Equidae has allowed us to observe a clear correlation between enamel secretion rate and hypsodonty index, which increases over time, coinciding with the acquisition of hypsodont teeth. In parallel, a trend towards a faster pace of growth was identified over time, which could be related to the Miocene environmental changes. The present work deepens our understanding of equid dental development and the evolution of this iconic group of ungulates.
牙釉质微观结构与生命史之间的相关性使研究人员能够收集有关现存和化石分类群牙齿生长和发育的重要信息。这种方法是专门针对灵长类动物开发的,但也适用于有蹄类动物。其中,马科动物受到了特别的关注,因为在几种马科动物和马的牙釉质微观结构中进行了研究。然而,这方面在更基础的马科动物分类群中还完全没有被探索过。本文分析了上齿和下齿的显微结构,并首次计算了生活在早中新世至晚中新世古北地区的三趾马科动物Anchitherium的牙齿参数。结果显示,第一下磨牙的分泌率明显较高,所有牙元的伸展率相似。此外,这项工作中对上、下两个元素的研究似乎表明,许多研究中采用的仅分析下牙列的方法可能无法提供完整的框架来进行推断(至少在古齿目中是这样),因此,应该谨慎对待。将Anchitherium牙釉质参数与Equidae家族的更多衍生成员进行比较,使我们能够观察到牙釉质分泌率与下齿指数之间的明确相关性,该指数随着时间的推移而增加,与下齿的获得一致。与此同时,随着时间的推移,人们发现了一种更快增长的趋势,这可能与中新世的环境变化有关。目前的工作加深了我们对马科动物牙齿发育和进化的理解。
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Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
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