Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease and is also called type 1diabetes. It occurs mostly due to CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes which are actually the T-helper cells and very rarely by some virus and drugs which take the β-cells, insulin and proinsulin as its target. Th-cells may also affect by other ways i.e. by secreting the CXCL10 which are also reactive against the β-cells. In these patients there is low level of insulin causing high level of glucose also called hyperglycemia. To treat this autoimmune disorder we take some important steps either against the autoimmune responses or in the favor of proliferation of the β-cells or may take steps for the production of the insulin by either ways. There is possibility to give the patients monoclonal antibodies against the causative agents. We can also use the stem cells from pancreas that can grow to the new matured functional islet of langerhan. Moreover replacement of beta cell mass, non-endocrine cell production, antigen-based therapy, pancreatic transplantation, use of immunosuppressive monocyte and control of IDDM by using naturally found CD4 + CD25 +, regulator of T lymphocytes, are other approaches. If we come to know the exact mechanism of CXCL10/CXCR3 system it may also be useful for us to treat the disease.
{"title":"ADVANCEMENT IN THERAPEUTIC EFFORTS AND TOOLS FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITIS","authors":"Imran Qadir","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.20172%P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.20172%P","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease and is also called type 1diabetes. It occurs mostly due to CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes which are actually the T-helper cells and very rarely by some virus and drugs which take the β-cells, insulin and proinsulin as its target. Th-cells may also affect by other ways i.e. by secreting the CXCL10 which are also reactive against the β-cells. In these patients there is low level of insulin causing high level of glucose also called hyperglycemia. To treat this autoimmune disorder we take some important steps either against the autoimmune responses or in the favor of proliferation of the β-cells or may take steps for the production of the insulin by either ways. There is possibility to give the patients monoclonal antibodies against the causative agents. We can also use the stem cells from pancreas that can grow to the new matured functional islet of langerhan. Moreover replacement of beta cell mass, non-endocrine cell production, antigen-based therapy, pancreatic transplantation, use of immunosuppressive monocyte and control of IDDM by using naturally found CD4 + CD25 +, regulator of T lymphocytes, are other approaches. If we come to know the exact mechanism of CXCL10/CXCR3 system it may also be useful for us to treat the disease.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78947065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim of this study was to determine the awareness amongst Diabetic patients, its risk factors and complications. This was a cross-sectional survey conducted at the outpatient, Diabetic clinic Nishtar hospital, Multan in April of 2014. A structured and close ended questionnaire was administered and 300 patients of different age groups were interviewed about their knowledge regarding awareness of Diabetes Mellitus, complications and risk factors. Of the three hundred patients subjected to the survey, 18% individuals were aware of risk factors while 22% were aware of the complications associated with the disease.This awareness is significantly less in female as compared to male. Prevalence of risk factors and complication is greater in female particularly because of physical inactivity. Majority of patients had inadequate knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus and its associated risk factors. Public awareness and knowledge about disease can be raised by planning and implementing outreach programmes and mass media. Moreover, exercise benefits should be demonstrated in public.
{"title":"Survey of prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated factors in out patients’ clinic Nishtar Hospital Multan.","authors":"A. Siddiqua, A. Majeed, Muhammad Hanif","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.201719-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.201719-13","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this study was to determine the awareness amongst Diabetic patients, its risk factors and complications. This was a cross-sectional survey conducted at the outpatient, Diabetic clinic Nishtar hospital, Multan in April of 2014. A structured and close ended questionnaire was administered and 300 patients of different age groups were interviewed about their knowledge regarding awareness of Diabetes Mellitus, complications and risk factors. Of the three hundred patients subjected to the survey, 18% individuals were aware of risk factors while 22% were aware of the complications associated with the disease.This awareness is significantly less in female as compared to male. Prevalence of risk factors and complication is greater in female particularly because of physical inactivity. Majority of patients had inadequate knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus and its associated risk factors. Public awareness and knowledge about disease can be raised by planning and implementing outreach programmes and mass media. Moreover, exercise benefits should be demonstrated in public.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90175658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-16DOI: 10.22200/pjpr.2017118-23
Z. Iqbal, T. Zafar, W. Zafar, T. Zafar, S. Waqas
Objective:- To evaluate the biomedical and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in women with repeated spontaneous abortion. Place & Duration:- Mohi-u-Din Islamci Medical College & DHQ Hospital, Mirpur, AJ & K, from March to December 2013. Methodology:- 50 subjects with history of three spontaneous abortions in their first trimester of pregnancy were included in this study & fifty women of corresponding age, with one, more alive babies having no record of any first three months spontaneous abortion were taken as controls. Coagulation tests, platelet count, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were done by standards methods. Antiphospholipid Antibodies were estimated by ELISA method using specific kits. Results:- Mean serum Antiphospholipid Antibodies level was 7.10 + 3.47 in patients and 6.30 + 2.02 in controls. The difference in serum level of two groups was significant. Mean platelet count, mean prothrombin time & activated partial thromboplastin time revealed no significant difference between patients and controls. Conclusion:- It is concluded that there is a strong association of antiphospholipid antibodies in the patients having recurrent spontaneous abortions so there is a strong need of including this test in the primary screening of such disease in the pregnant women who have history of previous repeated spontaneous abortion.
{"title":"Antiphospholipid Antibodies – a tool for the screening of repeated spontaneous abortion","authors":"Z. Iqbal, T. Zafar, W. Zafar, T. Zafar, S. Waqas","doi":"10.22200/pjpr.2017118-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/pjpr.2017118-23","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:- To evaluate the biomedical and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in women with repeated spontaneous abortion. Place & Duration:- Mohi-u-Din Islamci Medical College & DHQ Hospital, Mirpur, AJ & K, from March to December 2013. Methodology:- 50 subjects with history of three spontaneous abortions in their first trimester of pregnancy were included in this study & fifty women of corresponding age, with one, more alive babies having no record of any first three months spontaneous abortion were taken as controls. Coagulation tests, platelet count, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were done by standards methods. Antiphospholipid Antibodies were estimated by ELISA method using specific kits. Results:- Mean serum Antiphospholipid Antibodies level was 7.10 + 3.47 in patients and 6.30 + 2.02 in controls. The difference in serum level of two groups was significant. Mean platelet count, mean prothrombin time & activated partial thromboplastin time revealed no significant difference between patients and controls. Conclusion:- It is concluded that there is a strong association of antiphospholipid antibodies in the patients having recurrent spontaneous abortions so there is a strong need of including this test in the primary screening of such disease in the pregnant women who have history of previous repeated spontaneous abortion.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82795986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-16DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2017114-17
M. Khan
Medical Waste produced by health care activities including a wide range of materials, from used syringes and needles to soiled dressings, diagnostic samples, body parts, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, blood, medical devices and radioactive materials. In most developing countries, proper waste management system does not exist. In Pakistan, Government hospitals, no special techniques for waste handling, and due to lack of awareness, hospital staff normally treats all solid wastes carelessly. The present study is to determine the frequency of attitudes and practices of hospital waste management and environmental laws. The study was conducted in the Multan from August, 2016 to September, 2016. The sample was consisted of 100 hospital staff including doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians and class IV employees through convenience sampling. They were interviewed and results were analysed from the entries in a semi structured Performa. The study concluded that that in spite of all these laws and rules, the implementations, regulation and compliance still low have serious concerns for the environmental and public health due to unawareness, lack of strict hospital management and regular monitoring. There is gap between theory, rules, laws and its practices.
{"title":"MEDICAL WASTE IN PAKISTAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW","authors":"M. Khan","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2017114-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2017114-17","url":null,"abstract":"Medical Waste produced by health care activities including a wide range of materials, from used syringes and needles to soiled dressings, diagnostic samples, body parts, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, blood, medical devices and radioactive materials. In most developing countries, proper waste management system does not exist. In Pakistan, Government hospitals, no special techniques for waste handling, and due to lack of awareness, hospital staff normally treats all solid wastes carelessly. The present study is to determine the frequency of attitudes and practices of hospital waste management and environmental laws. The study was conducted in the Multan from August, 2016 to September, 2016. The sample was consisted of 100 hospital staff including doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians and class IV employees through convenience sampling. They were interviewed and results were analysed from the entries in a semi structured Performa. The study concluded that that in spite of all these laws and rules, the implementations, regulation and compliance still low have serious concerns for the environmental and public health due to unawareness, lack of strict hospital management and regular monitoring. There is gap between theory, rules, laws and its practices.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84195542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-16DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2017124-29
G. Madrigal
Introduction: Ginger is a medicinal plant native to India. Has been reported their potential use in cosmetics, medicines and natural products, however depending on crop conditions the medicinal components of the different parts of the plant not only changes in concentration but in its composition, this modifies its medicinal action. The aim of this study was to characterize by physicochemical methods the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from rhizomes of Zingiber officinale grown in the area of San Carlos, Costa Rica in order to standardize future hydroponic cultivations of the plant and validate their subsequent pharmacological or cosmetic effects. Materials and methods: the rhizomes of the plant were used, the active principles were extracted by ethanolic extraction with Soxleth and distillation by entrainment with vapor, analysis was performed by using a qualitative phytochemical profile for the ethanolic extract, and the composition of the essential oil was studied by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). Results and Conclusions. The presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and triterpenes in the ethanolic extract was qualitatively determined. In characterizing the essential oil by GC-MS were identified as lead compounds the geranialdehyde (27.42%), neral (20.11%), 1.8-cineole (13.35%), camphene (4.65%) and E-geraniol (3.92%). The composition obtained was compared with the composition reported in the literature, obtaining a clear difference with those reported in other studies, allowing predicting an antimicrobial behavior unlike most traditional essential oils of the rhizomes.
{"title":"Physicochemical characterization of medicinal essential oil made obtained from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale (ginger), grown in San Carlos, Costa Rica, in order to standardize future hydroponic cultivations of the plant","authors":"G. Madrigal","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2017124-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2017124-29","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ginger is a medicinal plant native to India. Has been reported their potential use in cosmetics, medicines and natural products, however depending on crop conditions the medicinal components of the different parts of the plant not only changes in concentration but in its composition, this modifies its medicinal action. The aim of this study was to characterize by physicochemical methods the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from rhizomes of Zingiber officinale grown in the area of San Carlos, Costa Rica in order to standardize future hydroponic cultivations of the plant and validate their subsequent pharmacological or cosmetic effects. Materials and methods: the rhizomes of the plant were used, the active principles were extracted by ethanolic extraction with Soxleth and distillation by entrainment with vapor, analysis was performed by using a qualitative phytochemical profile for the ethanolic extract, and the composition of the essential oil was studied by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). Results and Conclusions. The presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and triterpenes in the ethanolic extract was qualitatively determined. In characterizing the essential oil by GC-MS were identified as lead compounds the geranialdehyde (27.42%), neral (20.11%), 1.8-cineole (13.35%), camphene (4.65%) and E-geraniol (3.92%). The composition obtained was compared with the composition reported in the literature, obtaining a clear difference with those reported in other studies, allowing predicting an antimicrobial behavior unlike most traditional essential oils of the rhizomes.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79536387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-16DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2017139-47
Muhammad Farhan, Mehvish Perveen
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were initially introduced as antidepressants, and their potential as anxiolytic has been observed in the treatment of social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder Escitalopram is therapeutically active S-enantiomer of citalopram. It is a commonly prescribed Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs are the latest generated antidepressants having the selective mechanism of action towards 5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin; 5-HT) without affecting any other unwanted effects on other neurotransmitters. Escitalopram is very selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; it blocks the serotonin transporters without producing any significant effect on other monoamines transporters. Evidences suggest that escitalopram is efficient in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorders (GAD). The present study was designed to determine the effects of repeated administration of escitalopram on locomotor activity and anxiolytic behavior of animals in animal model. Rats were administered orally with escitalopram (5 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. This study showed anxiolytic activity produced on repeated administration of drug in light dark transition test. As compared to control animals, activity in activity box was higher and activity in open field was smaller in escitalopram administrated animals. These information support clinical discoveries that escitalopram is a powerful, very much endured SSRI with anxiolytic-like impacts.
{"title":"Anxiolytic and Antidepressant like Profile of Repeatedly administrated Escitalopram in Behavioral Animal Models","authors":"Muhammad Farhan, Mehvish Perveen","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2017139-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2017139-47","url":null,"abstract":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were initially introduced as antidepressants, and their potential as anxiolytic has been observed in the treatment of social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder Escitalopram is therapeutically active S-enantiomer of citalopram. It is a commonly prescribed Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs are the latest generated antidepressants having the selective mechanism of action towards 5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin; 5-HT) without affecting any other unwanted effects on other neurotransmitters. Escitalopram is very selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; it blocks the serotonin transporters without producing any significant effect on other monoamines transporters. Evidences suggest that escitalopram is efficient in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorders (GAD). The present study was designed to determine the effects of repeated administration of escitalopram on locomotor activity and anxiolytic behavior of animals in animal model. Rats were administered orally with escitalopram (5 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. This study showed anxiolytic activity produced on repeated administration of drug in light dark transition test. As compared to control animals, activity in activity box was higher and activity in open field was smaller in escitalopram administrated animals. These information support clinical discoveries that escitalopram is a powerful, very much endured SSRI with anxiolytic-like impacts.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79975101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-16DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2017134-38
M. Qadir
HIV–1 (human immunodeficiency virus type–1) isthe disease causing agent for AIDS. It is pathogenic retrovirus which joined in a long polypeptide chain when viral RNA is translated into a polypeptide sequence. It contains different proteins like reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, etc. These proteins have to be altered from polypeptide chain before these enzymes become to start function. Reverse transcriptase is inhibited by. We applied existing system by virtual screening analysis of HIV-RT from PDB database versus chemical compounds from ZINC database using “Autodockvina” and “cornia sketch tool”. Different hypothetical ligands were deliberate on cornia sketch tool and their structures were docked with (HIV-RT) PDB file. The structure with best recording was selected and the database of zinc was separated for similar structures and consequences in 18 hits.
{"title":"Virtual Screeningfor Novel HIV-Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors","authors":"M. Qadir","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2017134-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2017134-38","url":null,"abstract":"HIV–1 (human immunodeficiency virus type–1) isthe disease causing agent for AIDS. It is pathogenic retrovirus which joined in a long polypeptide chain when viral RNA is translated into a polypeptide sequence. It contains different proteins like reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, etc. These proteins have to be altered from polypeptide chain before these enzymes become to start function. Reverse transcriptase is inhibited by. We applied existing system by virtual screening analysis of HIV-RT from PDB database versus chemical compounds from ZINC database using “Autodockvina” and “cornia sketch tool”. Different hypothetical ligands were deliberate on cornia sketch tool and their structures were docked with (HIV-RT) PDB file. The structure with best recording was selected and the database of zinc was separated for similar structures and consequences in 18 hits.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84666625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-16DOI: 10.22200/pjpr.2017130-33
T. Javed, S. Riaz, M. Adil, M. S. Anjum, G. Mustafa
Finger print patterns are extensively used for the study of individuality as most legitimate evidence against criminals. Due to the massive potential of fingerprints as a definite method of identification they can be useful to analyze their correlation with gender. In present study, total 166 Pakistani subjects with (70.83%) of males and (29.1%) of females were selected for this study. Whorls were the most frequent fingerprint pattern (48.21%), while arches were the least common (10.11%). There high frequency of whorls (35.4%) and females have higher incidence of loops (14.2%). The ridge density can also predict the gender as the female had higher ridge density (13±1) than males (12±1). Whorls were predominant in blood group O, A, B and AB in both Rh negative and Rh positive individuals.
{"title":"Gender specific correlation among fingerprint patterns and blood group in Pakistani population","authors":"T. Javed, S. Riaz, M. Adil, M. S. Anjum, G. Mustafa","doi":"10.22200/pjpr.2017130-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/pjpr.2017130-33","url":null,"abstract":"Finger print patterns are extensively used for the study of individuality as most legitimate evidence against criminals. Due to the massive potential of fingerprints as a definite method of identification they can be useful to analyze their correlation with gender. In present study, total 166 Pakistani subjects with (70.83%) of males and (29.1%) of females were selected for this study. Whorls were the most frequent fingerprint pattern (48.21%), while arches were the least common (10.11%). There high frequency of whorls (35.4%) and females have higher incidence of loops (14.2%). The ridge density can also predict the gender as the female had higher ridge density (13±1) than males (12±1). Whorls were predominant in blood group O, A, B and AB in both Rh negative and Rh positive individuals.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78154006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-15DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.20162127-135
Sahir Sajjad, A. Ghaffar, M. Qadir
Purpose of this study was to evaluate the demographic and hematologic pattern of acute myeloid leukemia patients from lower Punjab area. The treatment of the acute myeloid leukemia patients is related with the unsatisfactory rates of complete responses that usually as short lived. At the relapse of leukemia patients the evaluation of investigational treatment strategies, therapeutic decision making by clinically useful prognostic index. All the hematological techniques were applied to increase the life expectancy of the leukemia patients. The study concluded that acute myeloid leukemia was prevalent in local population especially in males as compared to females. All the patients had varied CBCs profiles. The hematological tests are used to characterize the disease for its management and treatment to increase the life expectancy of the patients.
{"title":"Demographic and hematologic pattern of acute myeloid leukemia patients from lower Punjab area","authors":"Sahir Sajjad, A. Ghaffar, M. Qadir","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.20162127-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.20162127-135","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of this study was to evaluate the demographic and hematologic pattern of acute myeloid leukemia patients from lower Punjab area. The treatment of the acute myeloid leukemia patients is related with the unsatisfactory rates of complete responses that usually as short lived. At the relapse of leukemia patients the evaluation of investigational treatment strategies, therapeutic decision making by clinically useful prognostic index. All the hematological techniques were applied to increase the life expectancy of the leukemia patients. The study concluded that acute myeloid leukemia was prevalent in local population especially in males as compared to females. All the patients had varied CBCs profiles. The hematological tests are used to characterize the disease for its management and treatment to increase the life expectancy of the patients.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82677403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-15DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.20162142-145
S. Chughtai, M. A. Khan, Muhammad Zia Ul Haq, A. Shahzad, Farwa Hussain, Farzana Nazar, M. A. Chughtai
Self-medication is a common incidence in the world today. This study aims to evaluate self-medication among university students of Multan, Pakistan. This randomized cross sectional study was carried out in Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan during December 2015- January 216. A sample size of 200 students was randomly selected. Response rate was 90% (n=182).The prevalence of self-medication among the students was determined to be 83%. There was difference in perception of pharmacy students and students of other professions. Most common condition in which students did self-medication was headache (49.66%; n=75). Students also showed tendency of self-medication in case of herbal and essential oil products (46.35%). Awareness concerning insecurity and benefits of self-medication must be spread among students to avoid the complications of self-medication.
{"title":"Self-Medication amongst the university students of Multan, Pakistan- A questionnaire based survey","authors":"S. Chughtai, M. A. Khan, Muhammad Zia Ul Haq, A. Shahzad, Farwa Hussain, Farzana Nazar, M. A. Chughtai","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.20162142-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.20162142-145","url":null,"abstract":"Self-medication is a common incidence in the world today. This study aims to evaluate self-medication among university students of Multan, Pakistan. This randomized cross sectional study was carried out in Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan during December 2015- January 216. A sample size of 200 students was randomly selected. Response rate was 90% (n=182).The prevalence of self-medication among the students was determined to be 83%. There was difference in perception of pharmacy students and students of other professions. Most common condition in which students did self-medication was headache (49.66%; n=75). Students also showed tendency of self-medication in case of herbal and essential oil products (46.35%). Awareness concerning insecurity and benefits of self-medication must be spread among students to avoid the complications of self-medication.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83654799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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