Sana Sharif, N. M. Ranjha, A. Majeed, G. Abbas, Muhammad Ajmal, S. Hassan, Basma Aftab, Musaddique Hussain, R. Rehman
Tuberculosis is a worldwide health problem affecting one third of world’s population and Pakistan is no exception. In this study, we used a structured and close-ended questionnaire to collect data about socio-demographic prevalence of tuberculosis, its risk factors, multiple drug resistance tuberculosis and clinical characterization of tuberculosis from Nishtar Hospital Multan, Pakistan. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, affecting young people and females more commonly in Pakistan. Urbanization, illiteracy, poverty, family history of TB, associated immunosuppressive disorders, smoking and alcohol consumption are major drivers of tuberculosis. Multiple drug resistance tuberculosis is also an emerging problem.
{"title":"Survey of socio-demographic prevalence, risk factors and clinical characterization of tuberculosis in Nishtar Hospital Multan.","authors":"Sana Sharif, N. M. Ranjha, A. Majeed, G. Abbas, Muhammad Ajmal, S. Hassan, Basma Aftab, Musaddique Hussain, R. Rehman","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.201618-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.201618-14","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is a worldwide health problem affecting one third of world’s population and Pakistan is no exception. In this study, we used a structured and close-ended questionnaire to collect data about socio-demographic prevalence of tuberculosis, its risk factors, multiple drug resistance tuberculosis and clinical characterization of tuberculosis from Nishtar Hospital Multan, Pakistan. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, affecting young people and females more commonly in Pakistan. Urbanization, illiteracy, poverty, family history of TB, associated immunosuppressive disorders, smoking and alcohol consumption are major drivers of tuberculosis. Multiple drug resistance tuberculosis is also an emerging problem.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73218315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2015270-77
A. Mumtaz, Muhammad Zabta Ch., Syed Nisar Hussain Shah
Solanum nigrum (SN) commonly known as “Makoo” frequently available in most of the areas of Pakistan, is well reputed in the indigenous system of medicine for its medicinal use in liver disorders. The present study was aimed to evaluate its traditional use in liver diseases using in-vivo model of rabbits. The crude methanolic extract of the aerial parts of the Solanum nigrum (SN.CEA) was investigated for its hepatocurative and hepatoprotective activities in paracetamol intoxicated (2g/Kg) rabbits. Rabbits were divided into three groups, normal control (saline treated) hepatotoxic control (paracetamol treated) and remaining one was hepatotoxic treated with the SN.CEA (400 mg/kg) for 6-12 days. Similarly, for hepatoprotective effect rabbits were divided in 3 groups; one serving as control another as hepatotoxic and last one as treated with SN.CAE. Group 2 nd and 3 rd were intoxicated with paracetamol at 6 th day of the treatment with SN.CEA. Increased serum transaminases (sGOT and sGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels along with raised sleeping span and blood clotting time were observed in hepatotoxic rabbits. In both cases (hepatocuration and hepatoprotection) SN.CEA caused significantly reduction in all the above serum markers for liver functioning and caused significant reduction in the sleeping time of treated rabbits vs hepatotoxic untreated group. These data suggests that the presence of hepatocurative and hepatoprotective constituents in Solanum nigrium rationalizes its medicinal use in liver dysfunction
{"title":"Screening of hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum against paracetamol","authors":"A. Mumtaz, Muhammad Zabta Ch., Syed Nisar Hussain Shah","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2015270-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2015270-77","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum nigrum (SN) commonly known as “Makoo” frequently available in most of the areas of Pakistan, is well reputed in the indigenous system of medicine for its medicinal use in liver disorders. The present study was aimed to evaluate its traditional use in liver diseases using in-vivo model of rabbits. The crude methanolic extract of the aerial parts of the Solanum nigrum (SN.CEA) was investigated for its hepatocurative and hepatoprotective activities in paracetamol intoxicated (2g/Kg) rabbits. Rabbits were divided into three groups, normal control (saline treated) hepatotoxic control (paracetamol treated) and remaining one was hepatotoxic treated with the SN.CEA (400 mg/kg) for 6-12 days. Similarly, for hepatoprotective effect rabbits were divided in 3 groups; one serving as control another as hepatotoxic and last one as treated with SN.CAE. Group 2 nd and 3 rd were intoxicated with paracetamol at 6 th day of the treatment with SN.CEA. Increased serum transaminases (sGOT and sGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels along with raised sleeping span and blood clotting time were observed in hepatotoxic rabbits. In both cases (hepatocuration and hepatoprotection) SN.CEA caused significantly reduction in all the above serum markers for liver functioning and caused significant reduction in the sleeping time of treated rabbits vs hepatotoxic untreated group. These data suggests that the presence of hepatocurative and hepatoprotective constituents in Solanum nigrium rationalizes its medicinal use in liver dysfunction","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73622392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2015262-69
Muhammad Hanif, V. Chaurasiya, Muqeet Wahid, M. Basharat, S. Naz, S. Mirza, Qurat-ul-ain Aslam, M. Tariq, A. Butt
Abstract The aim of this present work was to compare different parameters of various brands of flurbiprofen tablets collected from different retail pharmacies in the local market of Pakistan. Four brands A, B, C and D were tested for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration dissolution, HPLC assay and in vitro absorption studies in rabbit skin, stomach and intestine by using the prepacked Column RT 250-4.6 Purospher® STAR RP-18 end capped (5 µm) and acetonitrile, phosphate buffer (pH 3.7) as mobile phase in the ratio of 1:1. Flurbiprofen was detected at 265 nm at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. Brand B was considered as reference. Similarity factor ( f 2 ) of brand B and C and brand B & D was found to be 61 and 51 and dissimilarity factors ( f 1 ) values were 5 and 9 respectively in same dissolution medium. Model dependent methods First order, Hixon crowell and Weibull model were used. The method was found to be sensitive and linear in the range of 10 to 700 ppm with 0.999 coefficient of correlation. Everted sac absorption studies of selected formulation showed 50% of drug absorption from stomach in first 3 hours, 21% through intestine and very negligible through skin .
{"title":"Comparison of Flurbiprofen Tablets Available In Pakistani Market and Their Absorption Studies","authors":"Muhammad Hanif, V. Chaurasiya, Muqeet Wahid, M. Basharat, S. Naz, S. Mirza, Qurat-ul-ain Aslam, M. Tariq, A. Butt","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2015262-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2015262-69","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this present work was to compare different parameters of various brands of flurbiprofen tablets collected from different retail pharmacies in the local market of Pakistan. Four brands A, B, C and D were tested for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration dissolution, HPLC assay and in vitro absorption studies in rabbit skin, stomach and intestine by using the prepacked Column RT 250-4.6 Purospher® STAR RP-18 end capped (5 µm) and acetonitrile, phosphate buffer (pH 3.7) as mobile phase in the ratio of 1:1. Flurbiprofen was detected at 265 nm at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. Brand B was considered as reference. Similarity factor ( f 2 ) of brand B and C and brand B & D was found to be 61 and 51 and dissimilarity factors ( f 1 ) values were 5 and 9 respectively in same dissolution medium. Model dependent methods First order, Hixon crowell and Weibull model were used. The method was found to be sensitive and linear in the range of 10 to 700 ppm with 0.999 coefficient of correlation. Everted sac absorption studies of selected formulation showed 50% of drug absorption from stomach in first 3 hours, 21% through intestine and very negligible through skin .","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89564660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2015292-94
Saima Khanum, Hafsa Hina, Muhammad Hanif
An important aspect of human life is a sound health. The chance of illness reduces with better health. It is proved that level of mortality, morbidity and infertility lowers with healthy life style. In healthy population the rate of diseases is minimum. Better health also improves school children attendance due to fewer leaves as comparative in illness. For better development of human resource investment should be done on health departments of the country (World Bank, 1993). In Pakistan health care system has been improved by view of physical infrastructure and manpower growth in both public and private setup. However, health care delivery system is not fulfilling the needs of fast growing population of the country. Maternal and infants mortality rate is still high as compared to its other neighboring countries. The conditions would be better by increasing budget allocation to the health sector.
{"title":"A Review of Frequency and Pattern of Diseases among Patients in Pakistan","authors":"Saima Khanum, Hafsa Hina, Muhammad Hanif","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2015292-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2015292-94","url":null,"abstract":"An important aspect of human life is a sound health. The chance of illness reduces with better health. It is proved that level of mortality, morbidity and infertility lowers with healthy life style. In healthy population the rate of diseases is minimum. Better health also improves school children attendance due to fewer leaves as comparative in illness. For better development of human resource investment should be done on health departments of the country (World Bank, 1993). In Pakistan health care system has been improved by view of physical infrastructure and manpower growth in both public and private setup. However, health care delivery system is not fulfilling the needs of fast growing population of the country. Maternal and infants mortality rate is still high as compared to its other neighboring countries. The conditions would be better by increasing budget allocation to the health sector.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79329953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2015258-61
M. Manan, Liaqat Hussain, H. Ijaz, Bushra Nawaz, M. Hanif
Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids distribution in n-hexane and aqueous-methanolicextract of kalanchoelaciniata was assessed and compared. The present study was carried out to study the phytochemical constituents of Kalanchoe laciniata . Aqueous-methanol and n-hexane were the solvents used for the extraction of the plant. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on both of these extracts, indicated that n-hexane extract constitutes tannins, terpenoids on the other hand aqueous-methanolic extract contains saponins, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides and anthraquinones.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening of different extracts of Kalanchoe laciniata","authors":"M. Manan, Liaqat Hussain, H. Ijaz, Bushra Nawaz, M. Hanif","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2015258-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2015258-61","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids distribution in n-hexane and aqueous-methanolicextract of kalanchoelaciniata was assessed and compared. The present study was carried out to study the phytochemical constituents of Kalanchoe laciniata . Aqueous-methanol and n-hexane were the solvents used for the extraction of the plant. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on both of these extracts, indicated that n-hexane extract constitutes tannins, terpenoids on the other hand aqueous-methanolic extract contains saponins, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides and anthraquinones.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74336256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2015278-85
Fahim Ullah, M. Uzair, B. Chaudhry, Z. Zafar
Traditional healing systems which mainly rely on plants, herbs and shrubs always played a vital role in the global health system. As the natural products are usually less toxic, have less side effects and easily available so the demand for plant base drugs is increasing. This ultimately provides a base for the drug research. Leptadenia pyrotechnica is a shrub found in desert areas belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. It is an important medicinal plant and all parts of the plant are used in folk medicines. The present article is having a detail about phytochemistry, pharmacological activities of the plant and isolated constituents with their structures. The updated information included in this article will be helpful for the researchers.
{"title":"Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Leptadenia pyrotechnica","authors":"Fahim Ullah, M. Uzair, B. Chaudhry, Z. Zafar","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2015278-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2015278-85","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional healing systems which mainly rely on plants, herbs and shrubs always played a vital role in the global health system. As the natural products are usually less toxic, have less side effects and easily available so the demand for plant base drugs is increasing. This ultimately provides a base for the drug research. Leptadenia pyrotechnica is a shrub found in desert areas belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. It is an important medicinal plant and all parts of the plant are used in folk medicines. The present article is having a detail about phytochemistry, pharmacological activities of the plant and isolated constituents with their structures. The updated information included in this article will be helpful for the researchers.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87910168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2015248-57
N. M. Ranjha, Muhammad Hanif, Zunaira Afzal, Ghulam Abbas
Objective of the present work was to synthesize hydrogels of acrylic acid/polyvinyl alcohol (AA/PVA) by free radical polymerization by using glutaradehyde (GA) as crosslinkers. The hydrogels were evaluated for swelling, diffusion coefficient and network parameters like the average molecular weight between crosslink’s, polymer volume fraction in swollen state, number of repeating units between crosslinks and crosslinking density by using Flory-Huggins theory. It was found that the degree of swelling of AA/PVA hydrogels increases greatly within the pH range 5-7. The gel fraction and porosity increased by increasing the concentration of AA or PVA. Increase in degree of crosslinking, decreased the porosity and inverse was observed in gel fraction. Selected samples were loaded with metoprolol tartrate. Drug release was studied in USP hydrochloric acid solution of pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer solutions of pH 5.5 and 7.5. Various kinetics models like zero order, first order, Higuchi and Peppas model were used for in vitro kinetic studies. The results showed that the drug release followed concentration dependent effect (First order kinetics) with non-Fickian diffusion. FTIR and SEM used to study the structure, crystallinity, compatibility, thermal stability and morphology of prepared and drug loaded hydrogels respectively.
{"title":"Diffusion coefficient, porosity measurement, dynamic and equilibrium swelling studies of Acrylic acid/Polyvinyl alcohol (AA/PVA) hydrogels","authors":"N. M. Ranjha, Muhammad Hanif, Zunaira Afzal, Ghulam Abbas","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2015248-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2015248-57","url":null,"abstract":"Objective of the present work was to synthesize hydrogels of acrylic acid/polyvinyl alcohol (AA/PVA) by free radical polymerization by using glutaradehyde (GA) as crosslinkers. The hydrogels were evaluated for swelling, diffusion coefficient and network parameters like the average molecular weight between crosslink’s, polymer volume fraction in swollen state, number of repeating units between crosslinks and crosslinking density by using Flory-Huggins theory. It was found that the degree of swelling of AA/PVA hydrogels increases greatly within the pH range 5-7. The gel fraction and porosity increased by increasing the concentration of AA or PVA. Increase in degree of crosslinking, decreased the porosity and inverse was observed in gel fraction. Selected samples were loaded with metoprolol tartrate. Drug release was studied in USP hydrochloric acid solution of pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer solutions of pH 5.5 and 7.5. Various kinetics models like zero order, first order, Higuchi and Peppas model were used for in vitro kinetic studies. The results showed that the drug release followed concentration dependent effect (First order kinetics) with non-Fickian diffusion. FTIR and SEM used to study the structure, crystallinity, compatibility, thermal stability and morphology of prepared and drug loaded hydrogels respectively.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85339778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2015286-91
M. Qadir, H. Kanwal
A cerebral vascular disease occurred with the arteries of brain due to the less supply of blood. Stroke is mostly caused by cerebral vascular disease and it is also a common cause of vascular dementia due to reduced oxygen supply and blood flow to the brain. In industrialized countries, neurologic disability is most frequently caused by cerebeovascular disease. Individuals with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and high blood pressure etc are at higher possibility for cerebral vascular disease. After malignancy and heart disease, cerebral vascular disease is the third leading of death and estimated that an average 500,000 new stroke occurred in each year. Advance techniques such as Carotid Endarterectomy, Magnetic resonance imaging, Angiography and Single photon emission computed tomography etc are used for management of cerebral vascular disease.
{"title":"Advances in the Management of Cerebral Vascular Disease","authors":"M. Qadir, H. Kanwal","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2015286-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2015286-91","url":null,"abstract":"A cerebral vascular disease occurred with the arteries of brain due to the less supply of blood. Stroke is mostly caused by cerebral vascular disease and it is also a common cause of vascular dementia due to reduced oxygen supply and blood flow to the brain. In industrialized countries, neurologic disability is most frequently caused by cerebeovascular disease. Individuals with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and high blood pressure etc are at higher possibility for cerebral vascular disease. After malignancy and heart disease, cerebral vascular disease is the third leading of death and estimated that an average 500,000 new stroke occurred in each year. Advance techniques such as Carotid Endarterectomy, Magnetic resonance imaging, Angiography and Single photon emission computed tomography etc are used for management of cerebral vascular disease.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89820673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2015119-24
A. Majeed, Muhammad Rizwan Khan, N. M. Ranjha, Muhammad Hanif, Syed Hussain, Muqeet Wahid, Faisal Usman
Microparticles are one of the recent controlled release dosage form, compressed in the form of tablets or filled in capsules. In this review different methods of preparations and their effects on physical properties i.e. Size, shape and porosity which can be controlled by ingredients used or process variables and characterization will be discussed. Future dimensions of these dosage forms are numerous when it comes to its application in drug delivery and to overcome issues associated with new drug molecule in drug discovery process.
{"title":"Microspheres a potential carrier for drugs","authors":"A. Majeed, Muhammad Rizwan Khan, N. M. Ranjha, Muhammad Hanif, Syed Hussain, Muqeet Wahid, Faisal Usman","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2015119-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2015119-24","url":null,"abstract":"Microparticles are one of the recent controlled release dosage form, compressed in the form of tablets or filled in capsules. In this review different methods of preparations and their effects on physical properties i.e. Size, shape and porosity which can be controlled by ingredients used or process variables and characterization will be discussed. Future dimensions of these dosage forms are numerous when it comes to its application in drug delivery and to overcome issues associated with new drug molecule in drug discovery process.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74867160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2015138-40
M. Qadir, F. Hussain, Muahammad Hanif, Muqeet Wahid
Homoeopathy is an alternative medical treatment developed in Germany by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann. He proposed two theories about homoeopathy: “Like cures Like” and the “Law of Minimum Dose”. The objective for this study was to evaluate the level of awareness about homoeopathic medical treatment among university students. A Questionnaire was developed containing five basic questions related to homeopathic medical sciences. 500 students from Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan were selected for this study. The only 5% university students used homoeopathic medicines in their live. From our research, it was concluded that awareness about homoeopathy among students is not up to the mark. While, homoeopathy awareness may make the world a healthier, and happier place.
{"title":"Awareness about Homoeopathy among University students","authors":"M. Qadir, F. Hussain, Muahammad Hanif, Muqeet Wahid","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2015138-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2015138-40","url":null,"abstract":"Homoeopathy is an alternative medical treatment developed in Germany by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann. He proposed two theories about homoeopathy: “Like cures Like” and the “Law of Minimum Dose”. The objective for this study was to evaluate the level of awareness about homoeopathic medical treatment among university students. A Questionnaire was developed containing five basic questions related to homeopathic medical sciences. 500 students from Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan were selected for this study. The only 5% university students used homoeopathic medicines in their live. From our research, it was concluded that awareness about homoeopathy among students is not up to the mark. While, homoeopathy awareness may make the world a healthier, and happier place.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86481011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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