Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

This study aims to determine whether Turkish propolis applied to C6 glioma cells has an anti-glioma effect. To investigate this, C6 glioma cells were treated with propolis extract concentrations of 100, 250 and 500 µg/ml. COX-2 and NF-κB mRNA expressions in the cells were detected by using qPCR. The levels of TNFα, MMP-2, -9 and JNK/SAPK in the cells were analyzed by using ELISA. The changes in redox status biomarkers as oxidant and antioxidant status and cell injury biomarkers were detected by using colorimetric methods or ELISA. COX-2 and NF-κB mRNA expression levels were decreased in glioma cells treated with propolis extract at concentrations of 100, 250 and 500 µg/ml as compared to control cells. MMP-2 and -9 levels were unchanged, while TNFα levels decreased in C6 glioma cells treated with propolis extract at concentrations of 100, 250, 500 µg/ml compared to control cells. While the levels of dityrosine, kynurenine, AOPP, advanced glycation end products and lipid hydroperoxides were significantly decreased in C6 glioma cells treated with 100µg/ml propolis compared to control cells, it increased significantly in cells treated with propolis extract at 500µg/ml concentration. These findings suggest that Turkish propolis may exert anti-glioma effects on C6 glioma cells by dose-dependently regulating COX-2 and NF-κB mRNA expressions and promoting oxidative stress-induced cell damage and death.

Medicinal plants and herbs are used from ancient times for the treatment of acute or chronic diseases because they are easily accessible and have low cost. In this research, we investigated anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential of ethanolic extract of Cinnamomun verum J. Presi bark. Anti-inflammatory activities were performed by proteinase inhibition, heat-induced hemolysis and BSA denaturation. Advance glycation inhibition potential was performed by β-amyloid formation, fructosamine assay and free carbonyl group estimation. The in vivo antidiabetic and anti-obesity potential were evaluated by using high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFHSD) model. FT-IR and HPLC were also performed. Results showed that proteinase showed 76±1.06%, heat-induced hemolysis showed 59±1.02% and BSA denaturation showed 48.2±1.04% inhibition. The β-amyloid formation assay showed an absorption of 0.022, the fructosamine assay showed 33.3±0.04% and free carbonyl group estimation showed 20.3±0.02% inhibition. The in vivo study showed that ethanolic extract significantly improves body weight, blood glucose level, lipid profile and liver markers in a dose-dependent manner. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed the presence of multiple functional groups, while HPLC identified thymoquinone, coumarin α-cysteine. It is concluded from these results that Cinnamomum verum J. Presi bark ethanolic extract can be used to treat inflammation, hyperlipidemia and diabetes.

This study evaluated the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Salix caprea flower extract. The extract was divided into five different fractions using liquid-liquid extraction with petroleum ether (PEF), chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EAF), n-butanol (NF) and water (WR). The chemical constituents of the extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The quantification of total polyphenols and flavonoids was carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and various colorimetric techniques. The antioxidant capacity of these fractions was tested by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay, 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS⁺) scavenging activity assay and other methods. A total of 153 volatile substances were identified. The highest total polyphenol (40.02 mg/g) and flavonoid (78.62 mg/g) contents were in the EAF. EAF, NF and WR extracts demonstrates significant radical scavenging abilities against four types of free radicals, namely DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl and super oxide anion. Additionally, it exhibits strong reducing power towards Fe³⁺.. These fractions improved cell viability, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased catalase (CAT) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity in WRL-68 cells. The study highlights Salix caprea flower extract, particularly its n-butanol fraction, as a potential natural antioxidant source.

In order to make the drugs can cure the tumor precisely, this paper establishes the tumor immune dynamic model through the differential equation of tumor growth and analyzes the persistence of the tumor immune model. Research on dual anticancer drugs and commonly used coupling methods is carried out to complete the synthesis of polyethylene glycol dual anticancer drug couplers and the antitumor activity is analyzed to derive the degree of inhibition of polyethylene glycol dual anticancer drugs on tumor activity. From the four judging criteria, it was concluded that the polyethylene glycol bis-anti-cancer drug has a better curative effect on tumor cells. Evaluation of polyethylene glycol bis-anti-cancer drugs from four aspects: Apoptosis test, relative tumor growth rate, immunofluorescence staining of tumor tissue sections and antibody endocytosis, it can be found that polyethylene glycol bis-anti-cancer drugs play a role in inhibiting the activity of tumors by 20% and the proportion of apoptosis is 97.6%, which effectively hinders the growth of tumor cells and reduces the multiplicity of tumor cells. Therefore, the polyethylene glycol bis-anti-cancer drug constructed according to the tumor immune model can effectively cure tumor cancer with targeting, can precisely find the location of the tumor and has high research significance for real-time tumor killing.

Plants constitute a source of natural phytochemical components which are widely known for their potential biological activities. This work concerned a study of the antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium L.) parts (flowers, fruits, leaves and stems) using different solvent extracts (cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water). The different squirting cucumber parts had an appreciable anti-tumour activity in the less polar extracts contrarily to the antioxidant activity. Squirting cucumber flowers had an appreciable anti-inflammatory activity in the polar extracts with the highest NO inhibition in the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of squirting cucumber stems had an affinity for the apolar extracts with the highest nitric oxide inhibition in the cyclohexane and the dichloromethane extracts. Squirting cucumber leaves and fruits had an important anti-inflammatory activity in both polar (particularly ethyl acetate for leaves and water for fruits) and apolar (cyclohexane for these two organs) extracts. Squirting cucumber exhibited a potent antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities owing to its bioactive chemical components and may be a good plant based product for pharmaceutical industry.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for many infectious diseases related to antibiotic resistance. Biofilm formation may help bacteria to pass the treatment with antibiotics and overcome the immune system. Here, the relationship between antibiotics (rifaximin and ofloxacin) susceptibility and biofilm formation was evaluated. Ten isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from 110 urine specimens obtained from urinary tract infections (UTIs) patients. The spectrophotometric method was used to measure biofilm formation on polystyrene microtiter plates. Inhibitory zone onto agar plates was used to measure the antibiotic susceptibility of rifaximin and ofloxacin against the ten P. aeruginosa (Pa1, Pa2, Pa3, Pa15, Pa18, Pa22, Pa23, Pa25, Pa26 and Pa27) isolates. The highest inhibition zones were seen against Pa 25 and Pa 3 respectively, while the lowest inhibition zones of rifaximin were seen against Pa3, Pa23 and Pa25. Moreover, the lowest inhibition zones of both antibiotics were seen in the cases of Pa1 and Pa27 respectively. The maximum biofilm formation was seen in the case of Pa3, while Pa27 produced the lowest biofilm. The study showed no relationship between biofilm formation and susceptibility to rifaximin and ofloxacin (P>0.05).

This study aimed to use meta-analytic techniques to evaluate aspirin's safety and effectiveness in treating elderly patients with sepsis. We searched PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Medline databases for relevant literature, screened and extracted key data and Stata 12.0 was used for comprehensive analysis. From library establishment to June 2024, relevant literature on aspirin for elderly sepsis patients was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and The Cochrane Library. Literature for meta-analysis was screened by inclusion and exclusion criteria and valid data was extracted. Stata 12.0 software was then used for integrated analysis. Finally, a total of 12 relevant pieces of literature were included in this study, involving 136,931 research subjects. The results of the meta-analysis showed that aspirin can reduce ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, 30-day and 90-day mortality and the incidence of bleeding events in elderly patients with sepsis. It can also shorten the length of ICU stay but can not improve the incidence of organ failure. These suggest that aspirin has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of elderly patients with sepsis.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of vinegar-soaked Ficus carica fruits (VSFCF) for managing cholelithiasis in adults. A parallel-group, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial at Noreen Nishat Welfare Hospital, Khanewal, Pakistan, was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024. Fifty adults with ultrasound-confirmed cholelithiasis were randomly assigned to receive either VSFCF (1 g/kg/day) or ursodiol (600 mg/day). Primary outcomes included gallstone size reduction, while secondary outcomes assessed symptom relief (pain, bloating, digestive discomfort) and hepatic markers. Data analysis was performed using SPSS with a significance level set at P<0.05. Results indicated a significant reduction in gallstone size in the VSFCF group, with mean sizes decreasing from 15.5± 2.3 mm to 7.3±1.0 mm (P<0.001), compared to a decrease from 16.1±2.5 mm to 10.8±1.5 mm (P<0.01) in the ursodiol group. Additionally, VSFCF significantly improved symptoms and hepatic markers, with P-values ranging from <0.05 to <0.001. These findings suggest that VSFCF is an effective alternative for reducing gallstone size and improving symptoms and hepatic health in cholelithiasis management.

Curcumol (Cur) has been found to be useful in improving Endometriosis (EMS), however its mechanism of action is still not completely understood. Based on this, the current study was carried out to investigate the mechanism of Cur on the invasion and metastasis of endothelium cells in rats with EMS, with the goal of supporting the development of new Chinese medicinal formulations for EMS. The Endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were separated from the EMS rat model. Effects of Cur on the viability, migration and invasive activity of ESC were tested by CCK-8, LDH release assay, Transwell and Western blot assays, respectively. The effects of Cur on inflammation and immunological function in rats were assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry. Meanwhile, Cur's effect on ESC biological behavior and in vivo function was studied by treating with PMA and analyzing the potential mechanism. Cur inhibited ESC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, with an inhibition rate of approximately 50% at 0.1μmol/L. ESC's invasive and migratory forces decreased considerably following treatment with 0.1μmol/L Cur, which was effectively reversed by adding PMA. Cur gavage administration reduced blood levels of inflammatory factors, elevated the CD3+, CD4+/CD8+ immune index in rats. PMA gavage therapy weakened Cur's ability to suppress inflammation and improve immunological function in EMS rats. Cur inhibits endothelial cell invasion and metastasis, attenuates inflammatory response and improves immune function in EMS rats via modulating the NF-κB pathway.

Lycorine (LYC) is an isoquinoline alkaloid known for its various biological effects like anti-viral and anti-inflammatory. The purpose of this research was to offer a reference for the clinical application of LYC in inflammatory bowel disease. The toxicity of LYC on Caco-2 cells was assessed utilizing CCK-8 assay and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit. Tunel staining and flow cytometry determined apoptosis and Elisa kits measured levels of inflammatory factors. Trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay and FITC-dextran assay for Caco-2 cell permeability. Western blot assessed the levels of inflammation-related and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)/nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) pathway proteins. Caco-2 cell viability and LDH release were not impacted by LYC concentrations below 20μM and LYC (5, 10 and 20μM) attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in Caco-2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS decreased TEER values and increased FITC-dextran levels and LYC ameliorated epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by LPS. LPS activated the STING/NF-κB pathway, which was hindered by LYC. The protective impact of LYC on Caco-2 cells was reduced by over expression STING. In conclusion, LYC reduced cell death and inflammation in Caco-2 cells and preserved the integrity of the epithelial barrier by hindering the STING/NF-κB pathway.