Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

To investigate liver function changes, blood glucose fluctuation, insulin secretion and gender differences in hyperthyroidism patients before and after propranolol with methimazole. Clinical data 110 hyperthyroidism patients admitted to Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from February 2023 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. They were categorized into the methimazole group (methimazole, n = 55) and the coalition medication group (Methimazole with propranolol, n = 55). The therapeutic effects of both groups were observed. Pre- and post-treatment liver function dynamic blood glucose parameters and insulin secretion characteristics were analyzed between the two groups. Gender differences prior to treatment were also examined. Overall efficacy was significantly higher in the oalition group (96.35%) than in the methimazole group (83.64%) (P<0.05); Post-treatment, the TBiL, AST, ALT, FT₃, FT₄, FBG, P1BG, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, postprandial blood glucose peak value, LAGE, MAGE, MODD and SDBG levels in the coalition group were lower compared to the methimazole group, while TSH was higher (P<0.05). Female patients exhibited significantly lower LAGE, MAGE, MODD and SDBG levels compared to the male group (P<0.05). The combination of methimazole and propranolol enhances thyroid and liver functions for hyperthyroid patients while improving insulin resistance along with reducing postprandial blood glucose variability.

The study is investigating the mechanism of therapeutics of "Zishen Huayu Fang" in the adhesions of intrauterine. Pharmacology systems have been employed as active ingredients of 131 compounds like Luteolin, Quercetin and Kaempferol in this research study in a combination of other compounds to prove the efficacy of the Zishen Huayu Fang in the treatment of adhesions inside the uterus. The study aims to understand how the ingredients in "Zishen Huayu Fang" interact with the body, particularly how they can assist in the prevention, mitigation and elimination of adhesions inside the uterus. KEGG and GO databases and tools are used to analyze gene functions and interactions in the proposed research study. The signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt, AGE-RAGE, HIF-1, TNF, are involved in the study to understand the critical aspects of cellular function, such as inflammation, metabolism and cell survival. This study is examining how the formula affects these crucial pathways, which could be linked to its therapeutic effects on uterine adhesions. The study suggests that "Zishen Huayu Fang" influences the expression of key targets, particularly STAT3, MAPK1, AKT1, HSP90AA1 and JUN, through active ingredients, providing a foundation for further investigation into its therapeutic efficacy in intrauterine adhesions.

The scientific community has been drawn towards natural plant resources due to the rising success rates. This work aimed to explore the phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties of an ethanolic extract derived from the leaves of Buxus wallichiana Baill. which is utilized in traditional medicine in the treatment of various disease such as respiratory disorders, GI disorders and inflammation. Chemical composition of the ethanolic extract of BW leaves was evaluated by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and phytochemical analysis. Moreover, anti-oxidant and anticancer activity was carried out through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl scavenging activity method and 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay against human glioblastoma cell line. ANOVA test was used to analyze the results followed by Bonferoni's post hoc. Results were significant at P <0.05 and demonstrated that, blocking the production of free radicals also caused tumor cell proliferation on the U 87 MG. Thus, the results show the same pattern of toxicity as indicated by the American National Cancer Institute. The minimum dose for cytotoxic activity of the crude extract was less than 30μg/mL. BW leave extract is considered to have promising anticancer potential as well as antioxidant due to the presence of potent compounds and could become a source of treatment with minimum side effects.

Different natural products derived from plants have long been utilized as traditional herbal remedies to treat a variety of ailments and these substances have inspired the design, discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals. Andrographis paniculata is an annual plant that is frequently grown for therapeutic purposes in Southeast Asian countries. The A. paniculata Nees is an Indonesian natural plant that is thought to have antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. In this study, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to optimize extraction conditions by varying time and amplitude. Furthermore, the UAE extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity utilizing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), iron reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and copper ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), as well as its anti-diabetic potential via α-glucosidase inhibition. Based on antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 73.71 ±0.28, extract B (extraction time 35 minutes and amplitude 65%) was considered to have optimum conditions for extraction. In addition, it was found that extract A. paniculata (extraction time 30 minutes and amplitude 60%) showed the most active inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.87 ±0.003. The A. paniculata ethanolic leaf extract exhibits antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties.

Pharmacological studies proved that Commelina diffusa Burm.f. performs various biological activities. Nevertheless, the scientific evidence supporting the hypoglycemic activities of this medicinal plant is insufficient. Thus, this study aims to assess the acute toxicity and the antidiabetic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of Commelina diffusa (CD.EAF) in type 2 diabetic mice model induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. The oral acute toxicity assessment was conducted following Lorke's method. The in vivo study was conducted by feeding Swiss male mice with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks and giving them a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 100mg/kg. When the experimental mice model was successfully induced, the CD.EAF at 100mg/kg/day and 300mg/kg/day doses were orally administered to animals for 14 days. After the treatment period, the repeated daily administration of the CD.EAF at both tested doses exposed significant antihyperglycemic activities in comparison with the untreated diabetic group (p<0.05). However, it did not affect the serum lipid levels of mice. Besides, there were significant ameliorations in the histopathological images of the liver and pancreas in mice treated with the CD.EAF. Our findings suggested that the CD.EAF might be a potential agent for drug development to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes.

This study investigates the clinical efficacy of ilaprazole combined with somatostatin on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Seventy SAP patients were randomized to the control and observation groups, which received the somatostatin treatment and ilaprazole combined with somatostatin treatment for seven days, respectively. Results found that, the time of abdominal pain relief, time of serum amylase recovery, time of urinary amylase recovery and time of defecation recovery in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). After the treatment, comparing to the control group, in the observation group the heart rate decreased (P<0.05), the mean arterial pressure and the central venous pressure increased (P<0.05), the serum levels of super oxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased (P<0.05) and the serum levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein decreased (P<0.05). In treatment of SAP, ilaprazole combined with somatostatin can enhance the curative efficacy and decrease the oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in patients. In addition, it cannot increase the adverse reactions, with good safety.

Urinary tract infections are widely recognized as prevalent bacterial infections frequently encountered in both hospital and community settings. The most common gram-negative bacterial pathogen in humans, extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, causes these diseases. A retrospective cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan examined Escherichia coli's susceptibility to doxycycline, nalidixic acid and meropenem. One hundred isolates of Escherichia coli from urine samples of patients were collected. The Kirby Bauer disc diffusion testing method was used following CLSI guidelines. The results showed variability because of differences in patient's gender and age. 84 out of 100 samples were of females and 16 samples were of males. Infection prevalence by age showed that 15% of isolates were from children (0-12 years), 2% from adolescents (13-18 years), 52% from adults (19-59 years) and 31% from seniors. This study concluded that females and adults (aged 19-59 years) are at highest risk of prevalence. Meropenem is a potential antibiotic choice for urinary tract infections due to its demonstrated 100% susceptibility. However, in light of increasing resistance trends, the administration of doxycycline and nalidixic acid should be reserved until antimicrobial susceptibility testing has been conducted. The study ensures that antibiotics are used judiciously and effectively in combating urinary tract infections while minimizing the risk of further antimicrobial resistance development.

Erythrina senegalensis, belongs to the family of Fabaceae and it has been used traditionally to treat microbial infections and diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to formulate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the methanol stem bark extract of Erythrina senegalensis and to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of the nanoparticles. The methanol extract was screened qualitatively for the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids using standard protocols. The silver nanoparticles were synthesized using green method and the particles were evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The percent inhibition effects of the AgNPs and extract were analyzed using hydrogen peroxide and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The antibacterial effect of the methanol and the AgNPs were determined by disk diffusion method. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins and flavonoids. The DPPH assay revealed IC₅₀ values of 3.60, 2.25 and 1.75mg/mL for the silver nanoparticles, methanol extract and ascorbic acid respectively. The findings from this study indicated that the extracts contain some secondary metabolites such as flavonoids which may be responsible for the bio-reduction of silver ion (Ag⁺) to AgNPs as well as the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

The study proposed improving the arsenic encapsulation efficiency (EE) in liposomes and make it pH responsive. Liposomes were prepared using the ethanol injection method (EIM), thin film dispersion method (TFM) and CAGM with sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂). The orthogonal experimental was used to optimize the preparation conditions of the CAGM. The arsenic-carrying liposomes were characterized by polydispersity index (PDI), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in vitro release experiments and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum (ICP). The toxicity was investigated by rat glioma cells (C6) and human brain micro vascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). The results indicated that the CAGM can effectively improve the EE of NaAsO2 and has a pH response compared with EIM and TFM. The size of nanoparticles prepared by CAGM was 118.8 ±56.67 nm, the arsenic EE was 54.3 ±9.82%, the drug loading rate was 7.13 ±0.72% (P <0.01), pH sensitivity was shown at pH 5.5. The optimal parameters of the CAGM were 3 mg NaAsO2, 5:1 egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) to cholesterol (CHOL) and 240 mmol/L calcium acetate (CaAC2). The results showed that the CAGM has good biocompatibility and is one of the effective ways to improve the NaAsO2 encapsulation rate and pH response in liposome nanoparticles.

The present study employed lysine as a modifying agent for chitosan (CS) to synthesise a novel CS derivative (LGCS) intended for siRNA delivery. The successful grafting of lysine to CS was characterized using FT-IR and the introduction of the lysine moiety resulted in improved solubility and buffering capacity of CS. The Zeta potential and size of LGCS/siRNA nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the results were verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Evaluation of LGCS's siRNA binding capacity was conducted using a gel retardation assay. The results showed that LGCS could effectively bind to siRNA and form a complex with a hydrated diameter of about 97.2 ± 1.3 nm. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays conducted on RSC96 cells demonstrated that LGCS exhibited lower toxicity compared to linear polyethyleneimine (PEI) 25k. In vitro, cellular uptake assays also revealed that LGCS displayed excellent transfection efficiency. The results of our study lead us to the conclusion that LGCS holds great promise as a gene delivery vector.