Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

Cervical cancer, a prevalent female malignancy, is treated with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Yet, prognosis remains influenced by multiple factors. Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is an important link in the malignant progression of tumor cells and has an important impact on the progression and prognosis of cervical cancer. This study aimed to analyze effect of Baofukang suppository on the related indexes of EMT of tumor cells in cervical cancer patients. Eighty patients with cervical cancer received in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from March 2020 to March 2022 were randomized into a control group (chemotherapy alone, n=40) and a study group (chemotherapy + Baofukang, n=40). Post-treatment, the study group showed significantly lower mRNA levels of EMT markers Vimentin and N-cadherin, and higher E-cadherin and β-catenin (p<0.05). Additionally, interleukin-6 (IL-6) decreased while interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (INF-γ) increased (p<0.05). Immune function improved, with higher CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios, and lower CD8⁺ (p<0.05). The adverse reactions between two groups were not unconspicuous (p>0.05). The adjuvant therapy of Baofukang Suppository can effectively regulate the relevant indexes of tumor cell EMT, delay or prevent the EMT of tumor cells.

Two microglia phenotypes, M1 pro-inflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes, exert distinct functions post-intracerebral hemorrhage (post-IH). The M1-to-M2 switch is noted within 7 days, but precise timing remains undetermined. This research sought to examine the specific timing of the M1-to-M2 transition and examine the effect of Sheng-Di-Da-Huang Decoction (SDDHD) on M2 microglia post-IH. Rats were grouped into sham, IH and dose-varied SDDHD treatment cohorts. Rats of IH group had an intrastriatum injection of collagenase IV (0.2 U), while those of sham group were only injected with saline. All rats underwent neurological score assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at different time points after procedure. The expression markers (iNOS for M1; Arg1, IL-4, and IL-10 for M2) were assessed across days. M1 markers (iNOS) peaked at day 3, whereas M2 markers (Arg1, IL-4 and IL-10) rose progressively, suggesting the M1-to-M2 switch around day 3. SDDHD decreased iNOS expression and elevated Arg1, IL-4 and IL-10 expression, improving neurological outcomes. SDDHD exhibits a bidirectional regulation of microglia, promoting M2 transformation while inhibiting M1, thereby enhancing neurological recovery post-IH.

To compare synthetic and natural-source pulmonary surfactants (PS) for treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in very low-birth-weight neonates. A total of 113 neonates with NRDS were retrospectively divided into the natural-source PS group (NSPS, 63 cases) and the synthetic PS group (SPS, 50 cases). Oxygenation, ventilation, complications, efficacy and mortality were compared. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 to analyze the impact of PS type on the treatment of NRDS in very low birth weight neonates (VLBWIs). Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated and evaluated to assess the association and closeness between PS type and the treatment of NRDS in VLBWIs. After treatment, NSPS group had higher arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂), lower arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) and oxygenation index (OI). It also had shorter ventilation and hospital stay, lower pneumothorax, total-complication and mortality rates and higher effective rate. PS type correlated with complications and efficacy; the closeness (AUC) order was: clinical efficacy > complications. Natural-source PS in treating NRDS in very low-birth-weight neonates improves efficacy, optimizes blood gas, shortens treatment and reduces complications and mortality.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can lead to increased abortion rates. Quercetin treats PCOS, but its specific mechanism has not been fully clarified. PCOS was induced in mice by dehydroepiandrosterone, and decidualization was induced by corn oil. Mice were treated with quercetin, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, autophagy inducer rapamycin, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and PI3K inducer 740Y-P. Pathological damage in the ovary and uterus was observed by HE staining. The levels of sex hormones, metabolism, and inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA. The survival and decidualization of endometrial stromal cells were identified by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. Autophagy and the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway-related protein levels were detected by Western blot. The theca cell layer and endometrium of PCOS mice were significantly thinner. The levels of sex hormone, pro-inflammatory factors, COX-2, integrin ανβ3, and autophagy-related proteins were obviously raised, while Vimentin, IGFBP-1, PRL, and PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway expression were significantly decreased. The above indices were reversed considerably after quercetin treatment. 3-MA could reduce the level of autophagy, LY294002 could reduce the levels of PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway, Vimentin, and PRL, and increase the level of autophagy. In conclusion, quercetin enhanced autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway; thereby protecting endometrial stromal cells and improving decidualization disorders.

This study addresses the crucial problem of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major pathogen in severe skin infections that is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics worldwide. The research was conducted in Iraq and aimed to isolate and identify P. aeruginosa from wound and burn patients, with a particular focus on identifying isolates that are resistant to ceftazidime. Between January and May 2022, a total of 283 samples were collected from five hospitals, leading to the identification of 117 P. aeruginosa isolates. Notably, 35.04% of these isolates were found to be resistant to ceftazidime. The study's crucial findings include the identification of the most common resistance genes, pel_F and bla_GES, in the resistant isolates using conventional PCR and real-time PCR. Additionally, the researchers performed a detailed sequence analysis of the pel_F genes in SE36 isolates that showed a high prevalence of virulence genes. This analysis was conducted using bioinformatics tools. These insights are critical for understanding the resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa in Iraq and developing more effective treatment strategies against this increasingly resistant pathogen.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a high incidence worldwide and exclusive drug treatment has a limited effect. To investigate the effects of a ketogenic diet combined with dulaglutide on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients, a total of 104 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into a study group (dulaglutide + ketogenic diet) and a control group (dulaglutide). The results showed that, in comparison with the control group, the blood glucose and blood lipid levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). The insulin resistance index of the study group was decreased and the insulin sensitivity index was increased (P<0.05). At the 6-month follow-up, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was lower and the quality of life was better in the study group (P<0.05). In conclusion, thevketogenic diet combined with dulaglutide can effectively improve glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin function and quality of life in diabetes mellitus patients.

Using a rat model of neuropathic pain, this study investigated the analgesic mechanism of massage therapy with an emphasis on the lncRNA H19/miR-342-3p/IER3 signaling pathway. Rats were split into control, model, sham, massage and lentiviral intervention groups using a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) paradigm. Molecular tests (qRT-PCR, Western blotting), behavioral evaluations (paw withdrawal thresholds and latencies) and ELISA were carried out. Massage reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia by dramatically upregulating LncRNA H19 and IER3 expression and downregulating miR-342-3p and IL-17 levels. The effects of massage were replicated by intrathecal delivery of agolnc-H19a, thereby confirming H19's role in modulating the miR-342-3p/IER3 axis. By focusing on inflammatory signaling via the lncRNA H19/miR-342-3p/IER3 pathway, these results imply that massage alleviates neuropathic pain, providing new molecular understanding of the therapeutic benefits of massage.

This prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Paksun Combination in combination with lisdexamfetamine versus lisdexamfetamine monotherapy for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia. A 12-month randomized controlled trial (January to December 2022) assigned 96 patients with leukopenia to two treatment groups by computer-generated block randomization. The intervention group (48 patients) received lisdexamfetamine (20 mg, TID) plus leucovorin (20 mL, TID), while the control group (48 patients) received lisdexamfetamine only. The primary outcomes included hematologic recovery parameters, TCM symptom improvement and immunologic indices. The combination therapy demonstrated significantly higher clinical response rates (93.75% vs 75.00%; χ^²=15.507, P<0.001), with accelerated leukocyte recovery (5.46±0.41 vs 4.07±0.50×10⁹/L; P<0.001) and neutrophil restoration (2.78±0.69 vs 2.17±0.73×10⁹/L; P=0.025). Immunological improvements included increased IgG (20.81±2.77 vs 17.95±3.10 g/L; P<0.001) and IgM levels (1.59±0.30 vs 1.07±0.24 g/L; P<0.001). No significant difference in adverse events was observed between groups (10.42% vs 18.75%; P=0.247). The combination of Shengbai mixture and leucogen demonstrates significantly enhanced myeloprotective efficacy with safety profiles comparable to those of leucogen monotherapy, thereby underscoring its potential as a highly effective therapeutic modality.

Description Following a complaint and technical (editorial) investigation, the authors were requested to provide essential documentation to verify the reliability, validity, and ethical compliance of the study published. Despite repeated reminders, the required documentation was not provided. Specifically, the authors did not correspond or supply: • Raw Data: Original anonymized patient-level datasets; laboratory reports or case report forms supporting the statistical analysis. • Statistical Records: Detailed explanation of statistical methods, confirmation of reported p-values, and verification of results presented in Tables 1-5. • Ethics Approval: Copies of institutional ethics approval letters from all recruitment sites, and clarification on trial registration (as study was conducted at multiple sites). • Image Documentation and proof of originality: Original source files of Figures 1 and 2, with confirmation of their originality and linkage to the patient dataset. (Suspected Image plagiarism reported of fig 2. An ABC report: "Eight surgeries and still no cure in sight: How endometriosis is crippling women" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-05/endometriosis-sufferers-seek-relief-as-doctors-chase-treatment/9595476). • Clarification of Methodology: Clear description of patient recruitment procedures across multiple hospitals, and additional supporting information for methodological transparency. The absence of these critical materials undermines confidence in the integrity and validity of the published findings. In accordance with the journal's ethical policies and guidance of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), this article is retracted to maintain the accuracy and transparency of the scientific record. The retracted article will remain accessible online, but it will be clearly marked as "Retracted" on each page.

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies are markers of pancreatic beta-cell autoimmunity and play a critical role in understanding the autoimmune component of diabetes mellitus. Despite its importance for distinguishing autoimmune diabetes, limited data exists on GAD antibody among young patients. This study determined the prevalence and clinical significance of GAD antibodies among young diabetic patients in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study recruited diabetic patients aged ≤40 years from tertiary care hospitals of Faisalabad. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire, and GAD antibodies were measured using the chemiluminescence immunoassay. Among 506 patients (253 T1DM, 253 T2DM), GAD prevalence was 18.2%, significantly higher in T1DM (28.9%) versus T2DM (7.5%; p<0.001). Age at onset demonstrated good predictive value (AUC=0.714) with an optimal cutoff at 20 years (sensitivity=69.6%, specificity=69.3%). BMI showed predictive utility (AUC=0.702) with a cutoff at <23kg/m². Multivariate analysis also revealed younger age at onset (OR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.8-5.6) and lower BMI (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.6-4.9) significantly associated with GAD positivity. GAD antibodies are prevalent among young diabetic patients in Faisalabad, with significantly higher prevalence in T1DM. Younger onset age and lower BMI were significant predictors of GAD positivity but should be interpreted along with other clinical and biochemical factors.