Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is not only associated with iron deficiency but has shown strong association with the over production of free radicles and deficiency of antioxidant enzymes. The result of this imbalance is oxidative stress (OS) which is now considered as an important associated factor with various diseases. Treating IDA in most of cases with oral iron supplements results in more OS as iron is a transition metal. A more suitable alternate for iron supplementation is Beta vulgaris supplement, which being herbal in origin is far less associated with side effects. We studied effects of beta vulgaris supplements on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in IDA patients. A significant increase in all study parameters were observed after treatment (p <0.05). When pre-supplemental values of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH-PX) of IDA were compared with post-supplemental values, they were significantly low (p <0.05). A positive correlation was noted between the two antioxidants and hemoglobin (Hb) values suggesting a direct relationship between antioxidant status and Hb levels. Non enzymatic antioxidants included vitamin A,C and E. We also found a significant improvement (p <0.05) of these vitamins when compared with their initial values and the control group. Our study shows improvement of antioxidant status of anemic patients with 12 week supplementation of Beta vulgaris.

Oxidative stress, stemming from heightened production of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, significantly contributes to the aging process. Apomorphine emerges as a pivotal medication for managing Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other age-related conditions. This study aims to explore the memory-enhancing and neuroprotective properties of apomorphine, utilizing male Albino Wistar rats aged 4 and 24 months as subjects. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with apomorphine for 6 days. Decreased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities with increased lipid peroxidation were observed in the brain and plasma samples of aged rats, which were reversed upon apomorphine administration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and AChE activities were significantly decreased along with a decline in short-term- and long-term memory of aged rats, which was reverted by apomorphine. Furthermore, a notable reduction in biogenic amines and metabolite levels in the brains of aged rats was reversed in aged rats treated with apomorphine. The findings indicate a significant restoration of memory impairment and oxidative stress in aged rats by apomorphine. Overall, our data suggests that apomorphine, at a dosage of 1mg/kg, holds promise as a potential therapeutic intervention for dementia and associated disorders in elderly patients.

We were to explore the effect of Bixie combined with perioperative multimodal analgesia management on postoperative pain and wound healing of mixed hemorrhoids. A total of 240 patients with mixed hemorrhoids in this hospital from June 2022 to September 2023 were chosen, with 120 in the control group receiving perioperative multimodal analgesia management and 120 in the observation group receiving Bixie combined with perioperative multimodal analgesia management. The results showed that compared with the control group, the observation group had lower visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after the surgery; the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of the observation group at 24 hours and 72 hours after the surgery were lower; the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and wound healing rate of the observation group at 7 days after the surgery were higher; the total effective rate of the observation group was higher. Therefore, combining Bixie with perioperative multimodal analgesia management could improve postoperative pain, decrease inflammatory factor levels, promote angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.

Lovastatin has received interest for its potential therapeutic use in treating numerous diseases, for example, the blood cholesterol level by restraining hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. The research utilized the fungal growth bioassay technique to disengage and evaluate filamentous organism for the lovastatin creation. The clever type of Aspergillus terreus (KF971363.1) was embraced for lovastatin creation by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Lovastatin production was optimized using physiological parameters such as pH and temperature at SSF. The addition of nitrogen source enhanced the production of lovastatin by the breakdown of lignocellulose that improved the production of lovastatin. The research verified a yeast growth inhibition bioassay approach, in addition to thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). All of these techniques were used to confirm lovastatin production. The purified extract subjected to the TLC analysis showed retention factor (Rf) value of 0.73. Moreover, the inhibition bioassay method reassures the lovastatin production by comparing the zone of inhibition against C. albicans.

This study assessed the protective potential of ascorbic acid against doxorubicin-induced spleen tissue damage in rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control group received saline every other day at a dose of 1mL throughout the experiment. The ascorbic acid group was administered 50mg/kg of ascorbic acid daily for 10 days. The doxorubicin group received a single dose of 15mg/kg of doxorubicin on day 7. The ascorbic acid + doxorubicin group received both 50mg/kg of ascorbic acid daily for 10 days and a single dose of 15mg/kg of doxorubicin on day 7. After the experiment, splenic tissue samples were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Histopathological analysis revealed edema, destruction and degeneration in the doxorubicin group, but these changes were alleviated in the ascorbic acid-treated group, approaching control group levels. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cell immunopositivity in the ascorbic acid + doxorubicin group compared to the doxorubicin group. Biochemical tests indicated that doxorubicin reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased malondialdehyde levels, whereas ascorbic acid mitigated these effects. The findings suggest that ascorbic acid may have a protective role against doxorubicin-induced spleen injury in rats.

The goal of the existing work was to create matrix transdermal patches with lornoxicam (LXM) gel using lemon oil (LO) and Aloe vera leaves mucilage (AVLM) as penetration enhancers to boost LXM transport crossways the skin and test its in vivo analgesic effects. Nine formulas were produced for this purpose using Design Expert® 11 in line with CCD design. The response factors, on the other hand, were Q_1d (Y₁), Q_2d (Y₂) and Q_3d, or LXM permeation at days 1, 2 and 3. The AVLM concentration (X1) and lemon oil (X2) were selected as independent variables. The optimized patch's skin sensitivity response and analgesic activity were tested on rats. The results exhibited that a matrix system with prolonged (zero-order) LXM release of 24.15% (@24h), 49.00% (@48h) and 69.45% (optimized for the needed analgesic asset by using AVLM and LO as penetration enhancers. It was resolute that the formulation known as LTDP-8, which contains 3mL of AVLM and LO as permeability enhancers, is the best one. In light of its ability to administer LXM across the skin sustainably while producing a tolerable analgesic effect. The study concludes that the artificial transdermal LXM delivery system is a suitable substitution for the oral route.

To investigate the effect of tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium combined with α-Lipoic acid on fasting blood sugar (FPG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), total cholesterol (TG), triacylglycerol (TC) and therapeutic effect in patients with diabetes peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The control group (n=52) was treated with tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate alone. The study group was treated with α-Lipoic acid and tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate. The changes in blood glucose, blood lipid levels, oxidative stress indicators and the improvement of nerve function conduction of both two groups were compared. After treatment, study group's FPG, 2hPG, TG and TC were found to be lower than the control group (P<0.05). The levels of Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) in the study group were higher than those in the control group. The study group had lower Malondialdehyde (MDA) (P<0.05). The study group had higher nerve motor conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) (P<0.05). Tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium combined with α-Lipoic acid can improve DPN patients' blood glucose and lipid levels, alleviate the oxidative stress reaction of the body, promote the recovery of nerve conduction function and enhance the therapeutic effect.

Magrain is a depleting disease that sometimes requires extensive treatment, ideally with medication that targets the brain, with minimized systemic adverse effects, preferably with a single daily medication; these properties are offered partially by the current dosage form of Frovatriptan. formulation of Frovatriptan binary ethosome into mucoadhesive nasal in situ gel to extend the drug's residence time. The particle size was ‎154.1±4.38‎ nm of the Frovatriptan binary ethosome. In situ, gel formulas were prepared to utilize the cold technique, using 18%w/v poloxamer 407 with different concentrations of Carbopol 934 and the clarity, pH, Frovatriptan content spreadability, mucoadhesive force, in vitro diffusion via nasal mucosa and the optimal formula underwent further investigations. In-situ gel F2 (0.2% Carbopol) demonstrated the best spreadability of 12.88±0.186 cm2/min, 99% drug content mucoadhesive strength of 645.32±0.054 dynes/cm2, percent release of 98.56±0.041 after 24 hours and permeability increased by around 3.68-fold compared to the pure drug and histopathologically showed favorable outcomes. Mucoadhesive Frovatriptan-binary ethosome-loaded nasal in situ gel is an effective method of treating migraines.

The study aimed to determine the in-vitro effect of metformin on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of seminal samples of infertile male subjects. It was conducted from January to June 2022 on forty-four seminal plasma samples collected from male infertile patients, age ranging from 18 to 55 years. All 44 semen samples were treated as three distinct groups: (i) a control group (ii) a study group subjected to oxidative stress (OS) induction and (iii) a test group exposed to OS induction and subsequent treatment with metformin. OS was introduced by using commercially available 100μM hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and incubated for twenty-four hours at 37^ºC. After that 1 ml of 100 mmol/l concentration of commercially available Metformin (PHR 1331, CAS: 461-58-5) was administered to test group samples for additional 24h at 37^ºC. Low levels of TAC were observed after OS induction in comparison to the control group (p=0.01). In test samples (after treatment with Metformin), a positive correlation of TAC with sperm count, normal sperm morphology and sperm motility were observed however, results were not significant. The antioxidant effect of Metformin was shown to improve the antioxidant capacity of OS induced samples and their sperm parameters in seminal plasma of infertile male subjects.

Sesbania grandiflora also known as Agasthya has potent antibiofilm activity and its bioactive compounds obtained from the leaves are medicarpin, isoniazid and 4-methyl oxazole. Extra cellular polymeric substances (EPS) created by the bacterium involve the formation of biofilm and this causes the infections such as nosocomial infections, and urinary tract infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been linked with high levels of intracellular Cyclic-di-Guanosine Monophosphate (c-di-GMP; PA4781) in biofilm formation. In this study, Human BLAST analysis of c-di-GMP Phosphodiesterase has been carried out and it shows an insignificant result and it is believed to be a possible drug target for UTI infection caused by P. aeruginosa. Its protein structure was retrieved from PDB database which was subjected to molecular docking against S. grandiflora bioactive compounds and control drug ciprofloxacin. Compounds taken for the study were screened for ADMET properties and drug-likeliness properties. Molecular interaction analysis of c-di-GMP with medicarpin compound shows -6.75 Kcal/mol binding energy with two hydrogen bonds when compared to the control drug with -6.86 kcal/mol binding energy and two hydrogen bonds respectively. Hence, our findings in the current study suggest that medicarpin could be an inhibitor of c-di-GMP and possess anti-biofilm activity, which could be validated experimentally.