Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

This quantitative research assesses the effectiveness of enteral nutrition guidance on the immune function of subjects with acute renal failure undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy, with either furosemide or sodium bicarbonate interventions. The findings revealed that both interventions indeed enhanced the renal, metabolic, nutritional and immune profiles of the patients over 14 days, which were not different from each other. Sodium bicarbonate had a numerically superior effect in correcting acidosis, which was marginally superior to placebo, whereas furosemide significantly improved the fluid clearance. Regression analysis on the chosen variables showed that serum creatinine, BUN, pH, BMI and NLR were significant for outcomes. Most prominently, changes in the nitrogen balance and oxidative stress indicators were differentiated and significantly better in both groups due to the structured EN approach. These outcomes underscore more importance of providing personalized medical care in the care of critical illness and interactively integrating EN with pharmacologic approaches to promote the recovery as well as the immune status of the patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag plus rituximab in the treatment of patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Sixty ITP patients treated from September 2022 to September 2023 were recruited for this study, and were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group. The former was given eltrombopag, and the later was given eltrombopag plus rituximab. The treatment efficacy, platelet levels, coagulation function, sustained effective SR, progression-free-survival, and incidence of adverse reactions and adverse events were compared in both groups using SPSS 22.0 statistical software. After nine months of treatment, the platelet level of the treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05). The platelet levels of the treatment group were better than those of the control group at discharge and 6 months after discharge (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of PT and APPT in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P>0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions and adverse events between 2 groups after treatment (P<0.05). In conclusion, eltrombopag combined with rituximab can effectively improve the efficacy of treatment in ITP patients, with high safety.

This study investigates the auxiliary effect of clopidogrel on neurorehabilitation in patients with post-stroke movement disorders to evaluate its efficacy in rehabilitation treatment. A randomized controlled study is conducted, dividing patients into a conventional treatment group and a clopidogrel treatment group. The Fugl-Meyer score, Barthel Index, and NIHSS score are employed to assess and compare the patients' motor function, daily activity ability, and neurological function before and after treatment. The scores for the Experimental Group exceed those of the Control Group for all measures, with p-values less than 0.05 or 0.01. These results indicate that the clopidogrel treatment group outperforms the conventional treatment group in stroke rehabilitation. This study examines clopidogrel's auxiliary effect through a long-term experiment on the rehabilitation of patients with post-stroke movement disorders, offering new treatment ideas and methods for clinical practice.

One common approach for treating cancer is chemotherapy. The extremely low distribution efficiency and lack of specificity of anticancer medications might occasionally limit systemic chemotherapy due to the lack of targeting and the existence of severe toxic side effects. Bioengineered from bovine serum albumin, the protein's viability was assessed by loading it into nanoparticles intended for intravenous delivery of vincristine sulfate for cancer treatment. Utilizing the desolvation process, cross-linked nanoparticles containing vincristine sulfate and made of albumin were created. This work examined the produced nanoparticles' in vitro and in vivo properties. After effective preparation, the bovine serum albumin nanoparticles loaded with vincristine sulfate had a spherical shape and a small particle size of 162.70 nm, as confirmed by a transmission electron microscope. In comparison to the standard vincristine solution, the nanoparticles showed sustained cytotoxicity on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and primary dermal fibroblast normal cell line (HDFn) cells. The nanoparticle-treated group did not exhibit appreciable histological alterations compared to the control group. In conclusion, albumin nanoparticles can enhance the distribution of vincristine sulfate to cancer cells, thereby increasing the drug's lethal effect. One promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment involves the development of injectable nano-based medications.

Glucolipotoxicity (GLTy) could cause the islet β cell dysfunction in metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Tea polysaccharide (TPS) has the potential to ameliorate islet damage, but its protective effects on GLTY-induced islet β cell damages and its mechanism remain unclear. The RIN-m5F cell damage model was constructed by GLTy induction. The effects of TPS on cell damage were investigated from apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cell senescence and cell function. MTT, ELISA, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, WB and kits were used to detect cell viability, insulin secretion level, inflammatory factors, antioxidant enzyme activity, cell apoptosis rate and related protein expression. Si-Nrf2 was used to verify whether TPS can activate Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to play a protective role. TPS can increase the cell viability, the positive rate of EdU, insulin secretion, anti-inflammatory factor level, and the activities of SOD and CAT, reduce apoptosis, proinflammatory factor levels and the expression of p21, p53 and p16 proteins. By activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, TPS alleviated oxidative stress damage, thus playing a protective role against GLTY-induced cell damage. TPS effectively reduced GLTY-induced RIN-m5F cells damage through activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, providing a new idea and potential drug selection for the treatment of diabetes.

Herein, to address the challenges associated with microbial resistance against antibiotics, three new gemifloxacin derivatives (G-D08, G-D09 and G-D10), have been synthesized using conventional esterification (Fischer) and amide approach (C-3 and C-7 modified) in efficient yields. UV-Vis, FT-IR, ¹HNMR, and Mass spectroscopy for characterization while DFT studies for computational conformational stability. In-silico pharmacokinetics (Swiss ADME, Bio transformers) and toxicological properties (T.E.S.T software) evaluated that all derivatives followed Lipinski's criterion and exhibits no vital organ toxicity. Microbiological evaluation in reciprocation towards designated strains of Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria, and fungi demonstrated potent actuation towards K. pneumonia, Candida albicans and Citrobacter freundii in comparison to gemifloxacin, surpassing antibacterial and antifungal responsiveness, reinforced by B3LYP/6-311 G level of theory. Energy gaps (HOMO-LUMO) of derivative G-D09 and G-D10 is 1.72 eV determinant as cognizant. Molecular docking approach was also applied through MOE software against K. pneumonia (PDB ID: 6k63), C. freundii (PDB ID: 3JWB) and C. albicans (PDB ID: 1AI9) ranging between -6.05 and -7.79 kcal/ mol, authenticating their higher antibacterial response towards Klebsiella pneumoniae among all compounds and G-D10 as potent antifungal agent.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic autoimmune disorder leading to joint damage and systemic complications. This study aimed to explore the clinical effectiveness of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients diagnosed with RA. A total of 50 patients undergoing cancer treatment with ICIs were enrolled in this observational study. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Patients receiving ICI therapy were concomitantly managed with conventional DMARDs, with treatment initiation and duration recorded. Response to therapy was assessed over a follow-up period of 60 days using clinical improvement scores. The mean age of the patients was 59.5 years, with males comprising 56% and smoking history comprising 62% of patients. Melanoma (36%) and renal carcinoma (30%) were the most common malignancies. Most patients were in stage III cancer, with 16% showing brain metastases. Grade 3 arthritis was present in 42% of the cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed time to arthritis control within 60 days of DMARD initiation. Clinical improvement was observed in 62% of patients. RA patients treated with ICIs appears immune-related adverse events. Conventional DMARDs may contribute to manage inflammatory arthritis without significantly compromising cancer control. Further studies are needed to establish optimal treatment protocols.

This research examined the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from Urtica dioïca, a plant widely used in traditional medicine. The total polyphenol content in the leaves and roots were 5.37mg EAG/g and 1.21 mg EAG/g, respectively, while the flavonoid content was 0.40 mg QAE/g (leaves) and 0.19 mg QAE/g (roots). Using LC-MS/MS, 22 compounds were identified in the roots and 27 in the leaves, with gallic acid and 4-methylguaiacol found predominantly in both extracts. Unique to the leaf extract were Phenylethyl Ester and 3,5-Dimethoxyphenol. The extracts were tested against bacterial strains including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis, all showing sensitivity. MIC values ranged from 0.07 to 0.15mg/ml and MBC values ranged from 0.7 to 0.30mg/ml, indicating primarily bactericidal activity. Additionally, anti-free radical tests using DPPH showed 80.54% inhibition for the leaf extract and 49.23% for the root extract. This study highlights the significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Urtica dioica, supporting its traditional medicinal use and suggesting its potential in developing novel therapies.

To investigate the synergistic effects of Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA) and Retinoic Acid (RA) on age-related skin relaxation in the treatment of facial rejuvenation. 120 patients received facial rejuvenation treatment at Sin-An Cosmetic Clinic Hospital from April 2022 to August 2023 were divided into control group (n=42) and observation group (n=78). Both groups were treated with RA and observation group was added with PLLA. The outer corner wrinkles and lower eyelid wrinkles, nasolabial wrinkles, self-perception ratings of skin effects and adverse reactions incidence were compared between both groups. After treatment, the total improvement rates of outer eye corners, lower eyelid wrinkles and nasolabial folds, the improvement rate of the overall aesthetics of the mid-face, the scores of skin elasticity, water content, skin colour, pores and other skin conditions of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group and the scores of oil secretion and dark spots were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than the control group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Combined treatment can improve patients' skin condition and promote facial rejuvenation, which has high clinical application value.

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common complication of herpes zoster, which seriously affects patients' quality of life. This study analysed the synergistic effect of neuromodulation and opioid dilution analgesics in the treatment of PHN. 120 patients with PHN from Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between December 2020 and December 2023 were categorized into PR and PO groups, both groups were treated with pulsed radiofrequency, PO group was added with Oxycodone hydrochloride. VAS scores, inflammatory factor indexes [tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10)], immune indexes [percentage of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ /CD8+] and clinical efficacy were mainly evaluated. Secondary indicators included sleep quality (PSQI) scores, anxiety self-assessment (SAS) scores, disease control time, adverse reactions and recurrence rates. Post-treatment, both groups' indicators were significantly improved. IL-2 and IL-10 levels, CD4+ T cells percentage, CD4+ /CD8+ and clinical efficacy were higher in PO group than PR group. VAS score, TNF-α and IL-1β levels, CD8+ T cells percentage, PSQI score, SAS score, disease control time, adverse reaction and recurrence rate were lower than PR group (P<0.05). The combination treatment efficacy of PHN is remarkable and is worth promoting its use in the clinic.